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- Impact of confinement resulting from Covid 19 on Quality of Life, Mental Health and Psychological Well Being in Higher Education Students in Santarém and LeiriaPublication . Silva, Mário Ribeiro da; Gonzaga, Luis; Rosa, Marta; Figueiredo, Maria do Carmo (preferencial); Amendoeira, José; Matos, RuiBackground: The coronavirus context in higher education disrupted students' lives. Restrictions on social mobility and the consequent reduction in interpersonal contacts brought unprecedented stressful situations, as well as marked changes in their daily lives, challenging the feeling of loneliness and the very perception of social isolation, with consequences on their quality of life. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out. Participants were 775 students, aged between 17 and 55 years, aiming to describe the self-perception of the evaluated mental health dimensions by the Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scales; the Psychological Well-Being by the Manifestation of Psychological Well-Being Measure Scale and to evaluate the quality of students' lives by WOOQOL-Bref. Collected data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows software, Version 27.0. Results: The results obtained, in the global sample considered, revealed that the lowest average corresponds to anxiety (0,52 ± 0.76), followed by depression (0,67 ± 0,96) and stress (0,90 ± 0,87). Regarding psychological well-being, the lowest average corresponds to social involvement (2,39 ± 1,10), followed by happiness (2,91 ± 1,22), self-esteem (2,9 5 ± 0,91), control of self and events (2,96 ± 0,97), mental balance (2,97±1,14) and sociability (3,21±1,13). Regarding the quality of life, between the social relationship’s domain (52,71 ± 19,10) and the environment domain (53,92±10,48), there were no statistically significant differences. The highest mean value occurred in the physical domain (64,87±12,54) and the lowest in the psychological one (49,60 ±16,18). We also found significant differences in terms of polytechnic institute attended and gender. Conclusion: The obtained results provide the basis to design and develop a targeted intervention main program focused on the empowerment of higher education students. Build a literacy program with health education strategies, starting from their own perceptions and responses to the experienced situations.
- Saúde mental dos estudantes dos Politécnicos de Santarém e Leiria durante o confinamento por COVID-19Publication . Figueiredo, Maria do Carmo (preferencial); Rosa, Marta; Silva, Mário; Matos, Rui; Gonzaga, Luis; Amendoeira, JoséIntrodução: A pandemia de COVID-19 reduziu a mobilidade social e as interações sociais em períodos de confinamento. Mesmo aqueles que não sofreram da doença apresentaram manifestações de stresse, ansiedade e depressão (Serviço Nacional de Saúde, 2021). Objetivos: Avaliar os níveis de ansiedade, depressão e stresse dos estudantes. Metodologia: Estudo correlacional descritivo transversal. Participantes: 775 estudantes, selecionados por amostra de conveniência. Instrumento de medida: Escala de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stresse-21(DASS-21), versão portuguesa. Dados analisados com recurso ao IBM SPSS Statistics para Software Windows, Versão 27.0. Resultados e discussão: Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos participantes apresentou um nível normal de depressão (72,5%), ansiedade (79,7%) e stresse (87,6%). Cerca de 6,5% referiram um nível grave ou extremamente grave de ansiedade ou depressão. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que as instituições de ensino superior devem promover a estabilidade emocional e influenciar a saúde mental positiva dos estudantes, através de conscientização.
- Exploring Lifestyle Habits, Physical Activity, Anxiety and Basic Psychological Needs in a Sample of Portuguese Adults during COVID-19Publication . Antunes, Raul; Frontini, R.; Amaro, Nuno; Salvador, Rogério Paulo; Matos, Rui; Morouço, Pedro; Rebelo-Gonçalves, Ricardo; Rebelo Gonçalves, RicardoThis cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the lifestyle habits, anxiety levels and basic psychological needs (BPN), in Portuguese adults during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including a comparison between genders and age groups. In total, 1404 adults (36.4 ± 11.7 years; 69.6% female) answered sociodemographic data and three instruments: the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Basic Need General Satisfaction Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Males revealed higher values for the total energy expenditure (z = -2.26; p = 0.024; η 2 = 0.004) and for the level of satisfaction of competence (z = -2.62; p = 0.009; η 2 = 0.005). Females showed higher scores for the anxiety state (z = -7.87; p ≤ 0.001; η 2 = 0.044) and anxiety trait (z = -6.49; p ≤ 0.001; η 2 = 0.030). Regarding age, higher values for the anxiety trait (p ≤ 0.001; η H 2 = 0.030) were found in the 18-34 years-old group compared to all the other age groups, also presenting significantly higher values of total energy expenditure (χ² = 13.93; p = 0.008; η H 2 = 0.007) when compared to the 35-44 years-old group. Significant differences were observed between the 18-34 years-old group and the other age groups for the satisfaction of competence (χ² = 40.97; p ≤ 0.001; η H 2 = 0.026), except for the >65 years-old group. Strategies for promoting well-being during periods of social isolation should consider the role of psychological dimensions and lifestyle habits according to the gender or age group
- IMPACT OF COVID 19 LOCKDOWN IN PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING AMONG STUDENTS IN POLYTECHNIC OF SANTAREM AND LEIRIAPublication . Figueiredo, Maria do Carmo; Gonzaga, Luis; Silva, Mário Ribeiro da; Rosa, Marta; Matos, Rui; Amendoeira, JoséAbstract Background: The social restraints during the COVID-19 mandatory lockdown led young and undergraduate adults to live remarkable changes in their daily lives, challenging the feeling of loneliness and their own perception of social isolation. This study aimed to assess and compare the levels of psychological well-being among students from both Santarém and Leiria Polytechnic Institutes. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional correlational study was performed in the period immediately after the first lockdown. Participants were 775 students (females = 73.5%), aged between 17 and 55 years. All of them completed measures of the Psychological Well-Being Manifestation Scale (PWBMS; or EMMBEP, in the Portuguese version, by Monteiro, Tavares e Pereira, 2012) measuring six dimensions, components of the eudaimonic model of well-being. Collected data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows software, Version 27.0. Results: The results obtained revealed differences in quality in the scores of the six measured dimensions. If subjective experiences on Mental Balance and Sociability are the best indicators of well-being, the perception of the lack of Social Involvement and low Happiness appears to be limitative factors to the perceived well-being. We also found significant differences in terms of polytechnic institute attended, gender, age categories, and marital status. Conclusion: The obtained results provide the basis to design and develop a targeted intervention main program focused on the empowerment of higher education students. Build a literacy program with health education strategies, starting from their own perceptions and responses to the experienced situations, allows their easy engagement in the promotion of psychological well-being.
- The Relationship Between Anxiety Levels, Sleep, and Physical Activity During COVID-19 Lockdown: An Exploratory StudyPublication . Frontini, R.; Rebelo-Goncalves, Ricardo; Amaro, Nuno; Salvador, Rogério Paulo; Matos, Rui; Morouço, Pedro; Antunes, RaulNowadays and worldwide, the attention is focused on coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and its consequences on mental health are yet to be fully understood. It is important to capture differences in anxiety levels among populations, groups, and the gender-related variation. Therefore, the present study had two main purposes: (1) to characterize the levels of state anxiety and trait anxiety by examining gender-related, sleep-related, and physical activity-related variations in a nonrepresentative sample of the Portuguese population during the first weeks of lockdown; and (2) to explore the possible relationship between trait anxiety and state anxiety and the possible role of gender as a moderator. This cross-sectional study comprised 1,332 Portuguese adults (aged 18–55 years old) recruited online during COVID-19 outbreak measures. Participants answered to sociodemographic data and the Portuguese version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Gender differences were found in both state anxiety (p = < 0.001; d = 0.385) and trait anxiety (p = < 0.001; d = 0.467) with females presenting higher values. People reporting doing more physical activity than usual during COVID-19 lockdown presented lower levels of state anxiety (p = < 0.001; d = 0.200). People reporting more satisfaction with the quality of sleep presented lower levels of both state anxiety (p = < 0.001; d = 0.701) and trait anxiety (p = < 0.001; d = 0.899). Variation associated with the physical activity level (low, moderate, and high) was significantly different among groups in both state anxiety (p = < 0.001) and trait anxiety (p = < 0.001). When analyzing in more detail separating the levels of physical activity, participants performing moderate and high physical activity showed lower values of state and trait anxiety compared to participants with low physical activity. Participants performing high physical activity also showed lower values of state anxiety compared to participants performing moderate physical activity. Higher levels of trait anxiety were related to higher levels of state anxiety, but this association was not moderated by gender. Interventions aiming to support people psychologically during this outbreak should consider anxiety as well as gender and possible behavioral changes in sleep and physical activity, for example. Health professionals should not only consider the anxiety related to the situation we are living but also address trait anxiety to help overcome COVID-19 psychological consequences.
- Mental health of nursing students at the Polytechnic Institute of Santarem during the COVID-19 pandemicPublication . Figueiredo, Maria do Carmo (preferencial); Rosa, Marta; Silva, Mário; Gonzaga, Luis; Matos, Rui; Amendoeira, JoséIntroduction: The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) was considered a public health emergency of international concern, which revealed a significant challenge for mental health, because of its impact, in this 21st century. The context of the coronavirus in higher education has caused disturbing consequences in the lives of students. The pandemic reduced social mobility and, consequently, social interactions in periods of confinement, leading to stressful situations, with feelings of anxiety and depression, anguish, and sleep problems. Objectives: To evaluate the levels of anxiety, depression and stress of nursing students and their relationship with sociodemographic characteristics, from the Instituto Polytechnic of Santarem, aged between 18 and 55 years. Methodology: Quantitative, correlational, descriptive cross-sectional study. Participants: 183 students, selected by convenience sampling (boys = 19.1% and girls = 80.9%), meeting some criteria: being of Portuguese nationality; being 18 years of age or older; attending the 2nd, 3rd or 4th year of the degree course; agree to participate in the study by signing the informed consent online. Measurement instrument: Anxiety, Depression and Stress Scale - DASS-21 in the Portuguese version EADS, by Pais-Ribeiro et al., (2004), composed of three subscales, consisting of seven items evaluated by a four-point Likert scale, that reflect the severity and frequency of the feelings experienced. The survey was conducted between November 19 and December 4, 2020, via Microsoft Forms, using a link on the school's page, anonymity being guaranteed. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Research Unit of IPSantarem (112020Saúde), The collected data were analysed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Software, Version 27.0. Results and discussion: The instrument showed strong internal consistency in the subscales, with high Cronbach's alpha coefficients: anxiety (α = 0.877); depression (α = 0.921) and stress (α = 0.920). Proceeding with the Pearson's correlation coefficient calculation, strong, positive, and significant correlations were found (p<0.001). According to the DASS-21 scoring instructions, the results showed that most participants had a normal level of depression (82.5%), anxiety (88.0%) and stress (94.0%). About 1.6% of the participants reported a moderate level of stress; 5.5% and 1.6% a moderate and severe level, respectively, of anxiety and 6% and 0.5% depression a moderate and severe level, respectively. These data are like those presented by Son et al., (2020), as 138 (71%) showed stress and anxiety due to COVID-19. Sun et al (2020) revealed that students had significant depressive feelings (56.9%). Another study by Chaudhary et al., (2021) showed that 68.8% had a high fear of COVID-19; 28.7% had moderate to severe depression and 51.5% had mild to severe anxiety. Significant differences were found between means (student's t-test) in the comparison between gender (p < 0.001), with the highest scores, in the three dimensions, in girls who present more stress (M = 7.59 + 4.728), depression (M =5.83 + 4.503) and anxiety (M =3.87 + 3.869), that is, the affective states of these students were more negative. No differences were found as a function of age, marital status, year of course and district of residence. Conclusions: The results suggest that the Institute Polytechnic develop strategies to reduce vulnerability, promote emotional stability and influence the positive mental health of students, through awareness to dissipate inappropriate perceptions; psychosocial and other support through digital platforms; development of a mental health program that promotes positive coping measures in the face of similar situations. References Chaudhary, A., Sonar, N., Jamuna, T., Banerjee, M., & Yadav, S. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of college students in India: a cross-sectional web-based study. JMIR Medical Education,2(3), e28158, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.2196/28158 Pais-Ribeiro, J. L., Honrado, A., & Leal, I. (2004). Contribuição para o estudo da adaptação portuguesa das Escalas de Ansiedade, Depressão e Stress (EADS) de 21 itens de Lovibond e Lovibond. Psicologia, Saúde & Doenças, 5(2), 229-239. http://www.scielo.mec.pt/pdf/ psd/v5n2/v5n2a07.pdf Son, C., Hegde, S., Smith, A., Wang, X., Sasangohar, F. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on college students' mental health in the United States: An interview survey study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(9), e21279, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.2196/21279 Sun, Y., Lin, S., Chung, K. (2020). University Students’ Perceived Peer Support and Experienced Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Emotional Well-Being. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 9308, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249308. Teixeira, S., Ferré-Grau, C., Sequeira, C., Pires, R., Carvalho, J., Ribeiro, I., Sequeira, C., Rodrigues, Sampaio, F., Costa, T., & Canut, M. (2022). Positive Mental Health in University Students and its Relations with Psychological Vulnerability, Mental Health Literacy, and Sociodemographic Characteristics: A Descriptive Correlational Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19 (6), 3185 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063185
- Condução automóvel: olhar ou ver, quão boa está a sua capacidade para dividir a atenção visual por estímulos centrais eperiféricos?Publication . Matos, RuiA condução automóvel é uma atividade de elevada exigência atencional. E neste vídeo, mostramos como pode ser testada a capacidade de atenção dividida e seletiva, identificando a probabilidade de ter um acidente automóvel por não apresentar níveis adequados deste tipo de capacidade. Adicionalmente, apresentamos três exemplos de exercícios que podem ser realizados para a melhorar.
- 8.ª Conferência de Mediação Intercultural e Intervenção Social – Ócio, Jogo e Brincadeira: aprendizagens e mediação interculturalPublication . Vieira, Ricardo; Marques, José CARLOS; Silva, Pedro; Vieira, Ana; Margarido, Cristóvão; Matos, Rui
- IMPACT OF COVID 19 LOCKDOWN IN DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, STRESS AMONG STUDENTS IN POLYTECHNIC OF SANTAREM AND LEIRIAPublication . Figueiredo, Maria do Carmo (preferencial); Gonzaga, Luis; Silva, Mário Ribeiro da; Rosa, Marta; Matos, Rui; Amendoeira, JoséAbstract Background: The context of coronavirus on higher education caused upsetting consequences on students’ lives. The restrictions on social mobility and the consequent reduction of interpersonal contacts brought them unprecedented stressful situations. The extent and quality of adaptation to these situations, due to the uniqueness of each person's resources, needs to be early known preventing eventual and serious psychological disorders. This study aimed to assess stress, anxiety, and depression among undergraduate students from both Santarém and Leiria Polytechnic Institutes. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional correlational study was performed in the period immediately after the first lockdown. Participants were 775 students (females = 73.5%), aged between 17 and 55 years. All of them completed measures of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21; in the Portuguese version EADS, by Pais-Ribeiro, Honrado e Leal, 2004). Collected data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows software, Version 27.0. Results: According to DASS-21 scoring instructions (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), results showed that most participants had experienced a normal level of depression (72.5%), anxiety (79.7%) and stress (87.6%). However, about 4.7% and 1.8% of respondents, respectively, report a severe or extremely severe level of anxiety or depression. We also found significant differences for the three dimensions in terms of polytechnic institute attended, gender, age categories, and marital status. Conclusion: The findings suggest that higher education institutions must understand this phenomenon experienced and develop strategies for improving students' mental health, especially in vulnerable groups. The importance of a transdisciplinary approach is emphasized and the involvement of all educational stakeholders is encouraged.