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- Práticas inovadoras na área das ciênciasPublication . Baptista, Mónica; Ferreira, Sílvia; Correia, Marisa; Contente, JoséEsta narrativa tem como objetivo apresentar exemplos de práticas inovadoras na área das ciências, a partir do caso do Agrupamento de Escolas Gardunha e Xisto e do Agrupamento de Escolas do Gavião, alinhadas quer com a investigação recente nesta área, quer com os documentos curriculares. Essas práticas tiveram em comum três princípios: a relevância da contextualização do ensino, a relevância da aprendizagem baseada em investigação, e a relevância da integração inter/transdisciplinar de várias disciplinas. Ao longo da narrativa, colocamos em evidência exemplos ilustrativos sobre o modo como estas práticas foram desenvolvidas e concretizadas, nos dois agrupamentos de escolas, apresentando os seus contributos para a promoção das aprendizagens dos alunos e o desenvolvimento de diversas competências, como são exemplo planear e levar a cabo uma investigação, comunicar resultados aos colegas e à comunidade.
- A Rapidly Incremented Tethered-Swimming Maximal Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Assessment of SwimmersPublication . Pessôa Filho, Dalton M.; Massini, Danilo A.; Siqueira, Leandro O. C.; Santos, Luiz Gustavo A.; Vasconcelos, Camila M. T.; Almeida, Tiago A. F.; Espada, Mário; Reis, Joana F.; Alves, Francisco B.; DiMenna, Fred J.Incremental exercise testing is the standard means of assessing cardiorespiratory capacity of endurance athletes. While the maximal rate of oxygen consumption is typically used as the criterion measurement in this regard, two metabolic breakpoints that reflect changes in the dynamics of lactate production/consumption as the work rate is increased are perhaps more relevant for endurance athletes from a functional standpoint. Exercise economy, which represents the rate of oxygen consumption relative to performance of submaximal work, is also an important parameter to measure for endurance-athlete assessment. Ramp incremental tests comprising a gradual but rapid increase in work rate until the limit of exercise tolerance is reached are useful for determining these parameters. This type of test is typically performed on a cycle ergometer or treadmill because there is a need for precision with respect to work-rate incrementation. However, athletes should be tested while performing the mode of exercise required for their sport. Consequently, swimmers are typically assessed during free-swimming incremental tests where such precision is difficult to achieve. We have recently suggested that stationary swimming against a load that is progressively increased (incremental tethered swimming) can serve as a "swim ergometer" by allowing sufficient precision to accommodate a gradual but rapid loading pattern that reveals the aforementioned metabolic breakpoints and exercise economy. However, the degree to which the peak rate of oxygen consumption achieved during such a protocol approximates the maximal rate that is measured during free swimming remains to be determined. In the present article, we explain how this rapidly incremented tethered-swimming protocol can be employed to assess the cardiorespiratory capacity of a swimmer. Specifically, we explain how assessment of a short-distance competitive swimmer using this protocol revealed that his rate of oxygen uptake was 30.3 and 34.8 mL∙min 1∙kg-1BM at his gas-exchange threshold and respiratory compensation point, respectively.
- Avaliação de Percursos Pedestres e de Btt. Adaptação do Método de Información De Excursiones (MIDE)Publication . Mata, Carlos; Carvalhinho, Luís; Ferreira, JoséO objetivo deste estudo foi, numa primeira fase, traduzir e adaptar o método de informação de percursos (MIDE), e numa segunda fase, verificar a fiabilidade e consistência dos instrumentos para as vertentes de Pedestrianismo e BTT. Efetuou-se a tradução e análise semântica do “MIDE” para a língua portuguesa, tendo ajustado também o constructo das questões e a necessária adaptação à realidade portuguesa (Validade Prática e Validade de Construção). Em seguida realizou-se uma reunião de peritagem (expertise), com o objetivo de validar a adequação e a clareza do conteúdo específico das modalidades (Validade de Conteúdo e Validade Aparente). Depois desta fase, testaram-se os instrumentos em condições reais, por Especialistas em BTT (n=3) masculinos, com idade média de 50,33±11,24 anos e nível de experiência de 4,33±0,57, numa e Especialistas em Pedestrianismo (n=5) masculinos, com idade média de 36,20±12,07 anos e com nível de experiência de 4,60±0,54 numa escala de Likert (1 a 5), efetuando um pequeno estudo exploratório, no “terreno”. O campo de aplicação foi na “Grande Rota do Carso (Oeste)”, composta por oito (8) etapas Pedestres e duas (2) de BTT. Os dados foram recolhidos e analisados de forma a obter a versão final do instrumento, para os PP e para o BTT. Assim, parece-nos razoável afirmar que este instrumento poderá ser utilizado, com confiança, na caracterização de percursos pedestres e de BTT, constituindo-se como uma importante ferramenta para apoiar os técnicos e os praticantes de Pedestrianismo e de BTT.
- Ensinar o treinador a ser um treinador de futebol: Uma abordagem teórica com implicações práticas.Publication . Rodrigues, Filipe; Rita, Rita; Cid, Luis; Teixeira, Diogo; Monteiro, DiogoThis study aimed at analyzing the effect of the motivational climate induced by coaches in young athletes’ effort perception, through a hybrid model, developed based on the Achievement Goal Theory and the SelfDetermination Theory. Data from 803 male athletes aged between 14 and 20 years (M=17.60; SD=2.21), with a weekly training frequency between 2 to 6 times a week (M=3.56; SD=.85) and workout duration between 60 to 300 minutes (M=99.75; SD=21.08) was analyzed. Participants completed four questionnaires previously translated and validated for Portuguese in the context of sport. Goodness-of-fit indexes of the measurement model and the structural model showed acceptable fit. All regressions proved to be significant, taking into account theoretical assumptions. The indirect effects show that the task-oriented climate positively predicts the perceived effort, both through autonomous motivation and through controlled motivation. Conversely, ego-oriented climates had a negative and significant indirect effect on perceived effort, regardless of the motivational regulation. In practical terms, young athletes’ coaches should focus on the learning process and on developing new skills among the athletes, value progress and effort, individually and as a team, and creating a balanced and harmonious engagement between athletes.
- Social support provided by the best friend and vigorous-intensity physical activity in the relationship between perceived benefits and global self-worth of adolescentsPublication . Monteiro, Diogo; Rodrigues, Filipe; Lopes, Vítor P.The present study explored the associations between perceived benefits of physical activity, social support provided by the best friend, vigorous-intensity physical activity, and global self-worth in male and female adolescents. In total, 462 adolescents (female = 259), aged between 12-18 years (M = 16.16, SD = 1.60) from different middle and secondary schools participated in this study. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling analysis were performed to evaluate the proposed associations. Self-reported instruments were used to collect both vigorous-intensity physical activity and psychosocial variables under analysis. The hypothesized model provided acceptable fit to the data in all samples under analysis. Significant associations were found between variables, namely: Perceived benefits displayed a significant association with social support provided by the best friend; social support provided by the best friend was significantly associated with vigorous-intensity physical activity; and, vigorous-intensity physical activity displayed a significant association with global self-worth. The indirect regression paths showed the mediation role of social support provided by the best friend and vigorous-intensity physical activity in the interaction between perceived benefits and global self-worth. These associations were displayed in both male and female adolescents. Perceived benefits of physical activity, social support provided by the best friend and vigorous-intensity physical activity appears to be important antecedents of global self-worth in male and female adolescents. It seems that the social support provided by the best friend and vigorous-intensity physical activity play a mediation role in the association between perceived benefits of physical activity and global self-worth
- The Co-Occurrence of Satisfaction and Frustration of Basic Psychological Needs and Its Relationship with Exercisers’ MotivationPublication . Rodrigues, Filipe; Macedo, Rita; Teixeira, Diogo; Cid, Luis; Travassos, Bruno; Neiva, Henrique; Monteiro, DiogoAlthough the relationship between both need frustration and, particularly, need satisfaction and different motivational regulations for exercise has been widely examined in the literature, little is known about the co-occurrence of both need satisfaction and need frustration in the exercise context. Grounded in self determination theory, the present study aimed to examine the effects of both need satisfaction and frustration on motivational regulations for exercise, by applying a response surface analysis approach. In total, 477 regular exercisers aged 18–54 years participated in this study. The interaction between needs (high on both need satisfaction and frustration) displayed a positive and significant association with amotivation, integrated regulation, and intrinsic motivation. Considering the direction of the discrepancy (high vs. low levels of need satisfaction and frustration) related to the behavioral regulations, results showed that higher need satisfaction relative to need frustration was associated with more self-determined regulations of motivation. Contrarily, higher need satisfaction relative to need frustration was associated with lower scores on amotivation, external, introjected, and identified regulation. Overall, these findings extend previous literature, suggesting that need satisfaction and frustration are distinct factors that can be experienced simultaneously in individuals during exercise and that different degrees of both needs have different associations with behavioral regulations.
- Life satisfaction of Paralympians: The role of needs satisfaction and passionPublication . Rodrigues, Filipe; Mageau, Geneviève A.; Lemelin, Emilie; Teixeira, Diogo; Vitorino, Anabela; Cid, Luis; Monteiro, DiogoThe current study examined the possible role of basic psychological needs and passion in Paralympians’ life satisfaction. A mediational model was tested where autonomy, competence and relatedness were hypothesized to be linked to athlete life satisfaction via harmonious and obsessive passion. The sample comprised 91 Portuguese Paralympians aged between 18 and 59 years (M = 31.01; SD = 3.78). Athletes completed self-reports of needs satisfaction in their sport, passion towards their sport, and general life satisfaction. Perceptions of competence and relatedness were associated with harmonious passion (β = .37, p > .01; β = .21, p > .05, respectively), while perceptions of autonomy were associated with obsessive passion (β = .39, p > .05). Additionally, harmonious passion, but not obsessive passion, was associated with life satisfaction (β = .40, p > .01), and only the indirect effect from competence to life satisfaction, via harmonious passion, was significant. These results suggest that feeling autonomous may not necessarily translate into more harmonious passionate engagement but is associated with higher levels of obsessive passion. In contrast, competence and relatedness appear to play an important role in the life of athletes who experience a more harmonious passion towards their sport practice. Perceptions of mastery and competence, as well as sport-related social connections could be important to consider improving the lives of athletes with Paralympic experience.
- Adaptation and Validation of a Portuguese Version of the Sports Motivation Scale-II (SMS-II-P) Showing Invariance for Gender and Sport TypePublication . Rodrigues, Filipe; Pelletier, L.; Rocchi, M.; Cid, Luis; Teixeira, D.; Monteiro, D.In the present cross-sectional study, we adapted and examined the validity of a Portuguese version of the Sport Motivation Scale II (SMS-II-P) within a sample of 1148 Portuguese athletes (women ¼ 546, men ¼ 602) with a mean age of 18.45 years (SD ¼ 5.36), participating in a variety of sports (i.e., football, basketball, swimming, and athletics). We conducted confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity analysis, and multigroup analysis across participants’ sport type (team and individual) and gender. We also examined the correlations between the SMS-II-P behavioral regulations and basic psychological needs satisfaction. The results supported that the SMS-II-P had good psychometric properties and was invariant across gender and sport type. The scale demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity, and the subscales achieved adequate internal consistency. Correlations between the six types of regulation measured in the SMS-II supported the distinction between autonomous and controlled behavioral regulations, and the correlations between these subscales and other measures of autonomy, competence, and relatedness satisfaction provided evidence of the self-determination continuum. Implications of this research for assessing Portuguese athletes and conducting future research are discussed.
- How To Prepare a Technical Coordination in Youth Development Soccer AcademyPublication . Teixeira, Eduardo; Loureiro, Nuno; Costa, João PauloIt’s consensual that the sports training provided by clubs must respond to a demanding process of preparation, development and consolidation of a methodological and pedagogical scope. So, we expose the concerns inherent to one of the four dimensions of a Technical Coordination(TC) modulation work in a football training entity, specifically at the level of its conceptualization.
- Short Report: Babywalkers Use and Age of Autonomous Sitting and Walking in Portuguese InfantsPublication . David Catela, null; Carolina Lagoiro, null; Carolina Gonçalves, null; Filipa Passadinhas, null; Isabela Ribeiro, null; Ana Paula Seabra, nullBabywalkers are wheeled seats for infants that support their weight and allow them to move around, pushing the floor with their feet or feet’s toes. The purpose of the present study was to verify if Portuguese infants that used babywalker gained or not temporal advantage compared to infants who did not use any instrument for learning to walk. Data were obtained through a structured questionnaire for parents, with closed questions. Results revealed that babywalkers use does not afford advantages in the acquisition of independent walk. The absence of association between seat and walk autonomously in babywalker users that also used other walk-helper (e.g., harness belt) reinforces the hypothesis that the use of these equipments may disrupt normal process of transition between seat and walk in infants. Considering the sample of the present study, a great percentage of Portuguese parents still presume that the use of babywalkers or similar equipments are necessary for independent walking acquisition. Babywalkers should be discouraged as an instrument for independent walk learning, and be replaced by functional stimulation, like stepping reflex systematic practice.