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- Karate training effect in balance control in children with developmental coordination disorderPublication . Mercê, Cristiana; Catela, David; Branco, Marco A. C.The developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a motor disorder identified and recognized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), which affects 6% of school-age children (Vaivre-Douret, 2014; Vaivre-Douret et al., 2011). DCD children reveal problems in their development of fine and/or global motor coordination, difficulty in the motor control and learning, and in the acquisition of new motor skills (Vaivre-Douret, 2014).These difficulties in motor control and learning are expressed in many ways, such as a delay in achieving motor milestones, clumsiness, poor balance, difficulties in writing and drawing (Chang & Yu, 2010), poor postural control (Geuze, 2005), and difficulties in space and temporal organization (Wilson & McKenzie, 1998). All of that affects the daily life of the children and, consequently, brings more problems and new difficulties such as academic delay or social isolation (Joshi et al., 2015; Vaivre-Douret, 2014) One of the most prevalent problems is the postural control deficit, affecting 73 to 87% of the DCD children (Macnab, Miller, & Polatajko, 2001). An early diagnosis accompanied by an early intervention may help to decrease the negative effects of DCD and provide a better life quality (Smits-Engelsman et al., 2013). The regular practice of martial arts such Karate and Taekwondo improve children motor skills, including postural control and balance abilities (Fong et al., 2014; Truszczyńska, Drzał-Grabiec, Snela, & Rachwal, 2015). These benefits are also present in children with DCD, recent studies revealed an improve in sensory organization and standing balance (Fong, Tsang, & Ng, 2012), and also an increase in isokinetic knee muscle strength at 180º and in static single-leg standing balance in DCD children undergo a 3 months of intensive taekwondo practice (Fong, Chung, Chow, Ma, & Tsang, 2013). Taking into account that one of the most prevalent problems in DCD children is the poor postural control, and that the intensive practice of taekwondo has proved to improve balance. We pretend to verify if regular and continuous karate practice also improve balance in DCD children.
- Respiração na técnica kokyo de karaté em imagética estática e em execução motora em crianças de diferentes graduações entre os 6 e os 15 anos de idadePublication . Mercê, Cristiana; Catela, David; Silva, B.; Gonçalves, F.; Mota, E.; Costa, B.; Julião, S.; Martins, M.; Catanho, L.; Sousa, R.; Bernardino, F.; Branco, Marco A. C.No karaté o movimento está em estreita articulação com um fluxo respiratório diafragmático controlado. Como a respiração diafragmática ativa o sistema nervoso parassimpático e reduz a frequência respiratória (CR), fomos verificar se crianças e jovens de diferentes graduações de karaté revelavam alteração na CR e na variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC), nas condições de imagética estática (I) e de execução motora (E) da técnica kokyo. Os anos de prática e os anos de competição em Katas revelaram associação direta com a potência de baixa frequência, indicadora de VFC (rho=,614, p=,025; rho=,581, p=,038, respetivamente), podendo indicar que é possível que crianças integrem a respiração na execução do kokyo. A frequência de treino semanal associou-se inversamente com CR (rho=-,584, p=,036) e diretamente com LF (rho=,581, p=,038), na condição E, pelo que deve ser importante para a articulação entre respiração e movimento nestes níveis de formação. Como nos indicadores de VFC e para CR não se encontrou associação entre as condições I e E, é provável que o recurso à imagética, só por si, não propicie sincronização de respiração e movimento no kokyo em crianças, mas permitiu evidenciar o efeito agudo da respiração no aumento da VFC. A análise dos CR e da VFC permitiu apreciar a efetiva capacidade de ajustamento da respiração ao movimento na execução do kokyo nestas crianças.
- The influence of sport practices on body composition, maturation and maximum oxygen uptake in children and youthPublication . Mercê, Cristiana; Branco, Marco A. C.; Rodrigues Ferreira, Mário André; VencesBrito, Antonio; Catela, David; Seabra, Ana Paula; Milheiro, Vítor; Cynarski, WojciechSystematic sport practice at younger ages positively influences body composition and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). On the other hand, its influence on maturation is still not consensual, and some studies claim a negative effect. Few studies have approached the differences in this influence according to different sport practices. The present study aims to analyse and compare the influence of karate and swimming practices, and the non-practice of sports, on body composition, VO2max and maturation in children and youth. Data were collected in 126 youth, 54 karate athletes, 36 swimming athletes and 36 participants with no sport practice (M=11.56±2.06 years). The type of sport practice had a different influence on body composition and VO2max, no negative influence was verified on maturation. In general, the sport practices revealed a positive influence in children and youth’s body composition. The karate practice provided significant lower body fat mass and higher lean mass in males. Swimming athletes revealed a significant higher VO2max compared to all other groups, while karate didn´t differed from no-practice group. The different influence of sport practices verified highlighted the importance of a multilateral development of children and youth by practising several sports.
- Metabolic and energetics characterization and gender comparison in prepubertal karate practitionersPublication . VencesBrito, António M.; Rodrigues-Ferreira, Mário A.; Milheiro, Vitor; Branco, Marco A. C.; Mercê, Cristiana; Seabra, Ana Paula; Catela, DavidThe number of children practicing karate is constantly increasing. It is necessary to provide correct information to the karate masters/coaches about this specific population, so they can properly develop karate training processes without causing any harm to practitioners but, on the contrary, contribute to the harmonious development of children and youths. This study was carried out with twenty-one prepubertal karate practitioners, male and female. They were analyzed on their maturational development, metabolic and energetic behavior in an incremental test until exhaustion. Only the energetic variables presented significant differences between gender, so it seems that the karate practice has a similar metabolic impact in the development of the prepubertal karate practitioners of both genders.
- Metabolic and energetics characterization and gender comparison in prepubertal karate practitionersPublication . VencesBrito, António M.; Rodrigues Ferreira, Mário André; Milheiro, Vitor; Branco, Marco A. C.; Mercê, Cristiana; Seabra, Ana Paula; Catela, DavidThe number of children practicing karate is constantly increasing. It is necessary to provide correct information to the karate masters/coaches about this specific population, so they can properly develop karate training processes without causing any harm to practitioners but, on the contrary, contribute to the harmonious development of children and youths. This study was carried out with twenty-one prepubertal karate practitioners, male and female. They were analyzed on their maturational development, metabolic and energetic behavior in an incremental test until exhaustion. Only the energetic variables presented significant differences between gender, so it seems that the karate practice has a similar metabolic impact in the development of the prepubertal karate practitioners of both genders
- Exploratory study on maturation and competition level in young karate practitionersPublication . Branco, Marco A. C.; VencesBrito, António M.; Seabra, Ana Paula; Mercê, Cristiana; Rodrigues Ferreira, Mário André; Milheiro, Vítor; Catela, DavidParing children improve the chance for success and reduce injury in sport. Despite the maturity differences between children, chronological age remains the main criterion to equalize competition levels, but with limited efficiency. However, in Karate, weight is also considered. We went to investigate the association between chronological age and maturational indicators and find simple models to put on reflection new ways to assess the maturity. Data were collected in 54 young Karate practitioners (age: 12.67 ± 2.49 years, experience: 4.99 ± 2.44 years, height: 150.45 ± 15.25 cm, weight: 43.09 ± 14, 17 kg, 20 girls). Age correlated significantly with self-observation of sexual maturation (rho = 0.838; p < 0.01), and it was possible to find simple regression models that have a moderate explanation in maturation, using only simple measurable variables such as the height, weight and arm circumference. These results should lead the competent entities to reflect on the way of pairing of the athletes in the competitions, in a fair way in terms of maturation.