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- Catharine Macaulay: an unsex’d femalePublication . Rodrigues, PatriciaIn 1978 Richard Polwhele published “The Unsex’d Females: A Poem”, which exemplifies the condemnatory rhetoric that stigmatized several women writers of the late eighteenth-century, including Catharine Macaulay. Female writers of this time were regarded with suspicion, especially if they addressed subjects such as religion or politics, thus breaking out of their proper, private sphere. Recent criticism has even pointed out that the mere act of writing was seen as subversive, as the pen was considered a symbolic phallus, therefore unsexing. The article explores how those female writers, particularly Catharine Macaulay, challenged the traditional political, social and sexual hierarchies and values, and how they were condemned and ostracized on account of their writings and beliefs, by their contemporary society.
- Gildon’s Golden Spies: or, Minting Remarks on Modern SocietiesPublication . Rodrigues, PatriciaThe sub-genre of fiction known as the “novel of circulation” (or the “it-narrative” or “ob- ject narrative”), in which inanimate objects and animals come to life to tell tales of their adventures, gained increasing popularity throughout the eighteenth century. The currency trope was a rather common one: in Britain alone, there are 37 recorded titles up to 1900. Often, the lower the face value of the numismatic narrator, the shorter the story. The first so-called novel of this kind was Charles Gildon’s The Golden Spy (1709). In this book, the unlikely narrators, a French Louis d’or, an English guinea, a Roman crown, and a Spanish pistole, constantly quarrel to defend the greatness of their respective nations. This article aims to examine the complex relationships of both companionship and rivalry between the coins, as well as how concerns and anxieties regarding the general state of affairs were very much similar throughout the courts of Europe.
- Elizabeth Donkin’s unlikely contribution to the making of a South African cityPublication . Rodrigues, PatriciaThis collection adopts a broad conception of “conflict” by examining sites of conflict which include, but are not limited to, historical battlefields, contemporary areas of political strife and fictional renderings of imperial conflicts. A re-consideration of imperial conflicts is particularly pertinent in the case of the British Empire, which established an extremely varied and complex world in time and space. In its first phase, the North American colonies performed an important role in establishing the Empire. It then reached its height between the end of the nineteenth century and World War I by means of military domination in India, Southeast Asia and Africa, expanding its influence after 1919 up to the process of de-colonization, which commenced from the middle of the twentieth century. With so many diverse cultures involved and the everchanging legitimate arguments proposed for colonialism, the British Empire created a vast volume of work of the most varied kind, including biographies and auto-biographies, travelogues, periodicals, political and economic essays, anthropological studies, paintings, sculptures, architecture, photography, poetry, stories and novels, all of which transmitted a plurality of voices with heterogeneous values and perspectives about the colonial experience. To understand the contentious nature of imperialism, in addition to exploring the concepts of Empire, colony, colonialism and imperialism, it is important to analyse these individual and collective experiences, including the arguments for the benign “European civilizing mission,” and the denunciation of covert economic interests. Another factor to be examined is the aggressive affirmation of British cultural superiority at the time, and the gradual consciousness-raising as to the value and legitimacy of different cultures conducive to dissonance, doubts and questions about the universality of the dominant culture and its manifestations. A third area of interest is the way in which the hierarchical social values in force in England at the time were transplanted to the colonies, and were subsequently transformed or maintained through political and domestic authority or were caught up in the collision between the attraction and repulsion towards other cultures.
- As Lettres Portugaises, 350 anos depois: a (ainda) relevância de Luciano Cordeiro e Edgar PrestagePublication . Silva, Manuela Sofia; Rodrigues, PatriciaA história de amor do texto Lettres Portugaises (1669), atribuídas a Mariana Alcoforado, apaixonou – e continua a apaixonar – autores que se interessaram pela freira e/ou que traduziram as cartas para diversas línguas. A autoria das Lettres provocou acesa polémica desde a sua primeira edição, porque surge como uma tradução francesa, mas também porque o suposto original permanece oculto até hoje. Luciano Cordeiro (1888) segue a tradição portuguesa de atribuir a autoria das cartas a Mariana, contribuindo, assim, para a apropriação cultural e literária da protagonista e do texto como património de Portugal. A influência do estudioso português transpôs fronteiras e foi partilhada pelo britânico Edgar Prestage (1893), que seguiu o paradigma defendido por Cordeiro. Neste contexto, e porque trilhamos os meandros de caminhos vários, propomos uma abordagem focada nestes autores/tradutores do final do século XIX, reconhecendo o seu contributo para a sedimentação desta história de amor no imaginário português.
- The pursuit of beauty in ‘the age of powder and paint"Publication . Rodrigues, PatriciaThe British eighteenth century was an age of elegance. A vital importance was put on appearances and the consumer boom of the time assumed epic proportions. Towards the end of the century complexions became increasingly more colourful and hairstyles more extravagant. As Neville Williams puts it, “[it] was par excellence the age of powder and paint” (1957:56) and women spared no effort or cost regarding their appearance since presenting oneself with the latest trends was paramount to a woman’s reputation of being fashionable. High-quality cosmetics, wigs and poufs defined rank and power since they were only affordable to the elites and women would sacrifice comfort and safety for the sake of their fashion. This article aims to present an overview of the use of cosmetics by eighteenth-century elite women and how it constitutes a sign of the increased economic prosperity which prompted the consumers’ boom.
- (Board)ing Schools: Rudyard Kipling’s young heroesPublication . Rodrigues, Patricia; Tavares, Teresa-CláudiaRudyard Kipling’s young male characters, namely Stalky (Stalky & Co. ) and Harvey Cheyne Junior (Captains Courageous), whom he portrays with noticeable admiration, exhibit, on the one hand, circumspection, stoicism, leadership, and stalkiness, on the other hand, the absence of scruples in manipulating those acting in loco parentis to achieve their desired ends. This article aims to examine how these characters can shed light on one another, allowing for a better comprehension of them both. Furthermore, it will explore how the religious archetype of the trinity permeates Stalky & Co.’s composition of characters, and how muscular Christianity shapes Captains Courageous. Stalky and Harvey thrive in a masculine world, access to which requires leaving women behind, substituting them with brotherhoods or identification with the father. The perfect man, Kipling postulates, is the resourceful and courageous rule-bending Christian who is able to keep women and natives in a state of obedience.
- Guião de Atividades para o 1.º CEB — PROJETO DA CULTURA AVIEIRAPublication . Linhares, Elisabete; Rodrigues, Patricia; Santos, RaquelEnquadradapeloPlanodeSalvaguardadaCulturaAvieiraepeloProjetoEducativoparaaSalvaguardadaCulturaAvieira(PESCA),apresentebrochuraprocuradarrespostaaosobjetivosdoPESCA.Tempordestinatáriosprofessores,alunosdo1.ºCiclodoEnsinoBásicoeoutrosprofissionaisdoensinonãoformalcominteressenestaárea.EsterecursovisasermaisumcontributonarevitalizaçãoenoaprofundamentodotrabalhodeaçãoedivulgaçãodasmanifestaçõesculturaisAvieirasjuntodepúblicosjovensescolares(e-Atlas,s.d.),noâmbitodapromoçãodasalvaguardadopatrimónioAvieiro,enquantoelementoconstitutivodaidentidadecomunitáriadasregiõesenvolvidas(Véstia,2012).ParavalorizaraculturaAvieira,énecessárioconhecê-laecompreenderasuaimportânciaanívellocal,mas,também,global.Destaforma,importadescobriraspeculiaridadesdestaculturaeorioqueserviudeestrada“líquida”–oTejo,dadaainterdependênciaentreambos.ÉsabidoopapelfulcraldorioTejoparaascomunidadesribeirinhas(enãosó),noentanto,sãomuitososproblemasqueoafetam.Nestesentido,aspropostasdeatividadeestãocentradasnorio,masaabordageméenquadradaesustentadapelaculturaAvieira,numaóticadevalorizaçãodopatrimónioculturalimaterialenatural.Adimensãoambientalexploradanestabrochuradecorredanecessidadedeumatomadadeconsciênciageneralizadanoscidadãosdoserrosambientaisquesetêmvindoacometerecujasconsequênciasestãoàvista,masmuitasvezesignoradas.Procura-se,deste modo,um levantar do véu.
- O despertar da consciência cívica feminina: identidade e valores femininos na literatura proto-feminista do século XVIIIPublication . Rodrigues, PatriciaO século XVIII pautou-se por um intenso debate sobre a educação feminina, questão que constituiu um primeiro passo no desafio à “Lei do Costume”, a qual perpetuava a inferioridade das mulheres em relação aos homens. Assim, a defesa do direito à educação enquadra-se num plano mais amplo de reivindicações, o da defesa da igualdade intelectual, servindo de esteio a posteriores movimentos de índole política. De facto, o Feminismo em Inglaterra está intimamente ligado à questão da educação feminina, como o exemplo do percurso literário de escritoras como Mary Astell e Catharine Macaulay atesta. Seguindo uma já longa tradição literária, encontramos em Setecentos uma vasta ensaística apologética acerca do estatuto e da participação da mulher na sociedade. Até aí, as mulheres eram consideradas as guardiãs da moral e dos bons costumes, desempenhando um papel fulcral na manutenção da estabilidade doméstica e social. Nesta altura, algumas pensadoras almejavam objectivos mais vastos e de maior relevância para o colectivo. Assim, este século pautou-se por profundas convulsões ao nível da mentalidade social, especialmente no que concerne ao modo como as mulheres eram vistas e ao papel que desempenhavam no seio da sociedade, como prova o intenso debate observado relativamente aos direitos das mulheres, não só a nível educacional (a tónica dominante no início do século), mas também a nível cívico e político, mais óbvio no final do século, muito propiciado pelos ventos revolucionários soprados de França e da América do Norte que incentivavam a mulher a adoptar uma postura mais reivindicativa.
- Anais do VI SIMELP – Da união à diversidadePublication . Teixeira, Madalena; Tavares, Teresa-Claudia; Gorgulho, Ana Rita; Macário, Maria João; Rodrigues, Patricia; Santos. Leonor"No VI Simpósio Mundial de Estudos da Língua Portuguesa (SIMELP) “Da união à diversidade”, que teve lugar na Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, pretendeu-se proporcionar um espaço aglutinador de discussões entre professores, pesquisadores, estudantes, em áreas como a linguística, a literatura, a cultura, a tradução, a educação, e, ainda, profissionais de outras áreas para quem a língua portuguesa se traduziu num ponto de interesse"
- The importance of study for women and by women: Hannah More’s defence of female education as the path to their patriotic contributionPublication . Rodrigues, PatriciaIn the late eighteenth century we observe an intense debate regarding female education, an issue that generated great controversy and discomfort in society, as it threatened the long-established patterns of women’s inferiority which confined them to the domestic and private sphere. One of such writers was Hannah More who, though not defying the status quo, does claim for a more comprehensive education for women. The writer in question was a prominent literary figure of this period and her fame is not confined solely to her time; on the contrary, Hannah More is one of the authoresses of the eighteenth century who has known a renewed interest by modern readers. One of her works in particular illustrates her disappointment regarding the inadequate female education which she considered to be the source of many flaws, mistakes and imperfections traditionally associated with most women’s behaviour. More’s Strictures on the Modern System of Female Education, with a View of the Principle and Conduct Prevalent Among Women of Rank and Fortune (1799) stresses the importance of study for women and by women, since it was the only way they could ascend spiritually and promote the harmony in their proper, private sphere, that is, the domus.