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- Operacionalização da estratégia no Município de Ourém como aproximação para a promoção da saúdePublication . Sobreiro, Pedro; Santos-Rocha, Rita; Claudino, RuiAs iniciativas desenvolvidas para incrementar a atividade física devem ser articuladas e planeadas a partir de pressupostos para a atividade física, como a maior participação da população. O planeamento deve ser desenvolvido com o objetivo de reduzir e prevenir as doenças e promover a saúde. Assumindo a prática desportiva como algo fundamental para a saúde, é necessário identificar mecanismos que permitam agilizar esta aproximação. Numa conjuntura de fortes constrangimentos económicos, os clubes desportivos podem desempenhar um papel fundamental. Propomos uma abordagem baseada no Business Process Management que facilita a organização dos clubes e a resolução dos seus problemas, devidamente enquadrados nos pressupostos necessários para desenvolver a atividade física. Esta abordagem facilita a identificação dos requisitos dos sistemas de informação e que suportam a sua construção. Apresenta-se as etapas desenvolvidas de forma de clarificar partindo de objetivos estratégicos e decompondo-os até níveis operacionais, para dar resposta às necessidades dos clubes.
- Biomechanics of Gait during Pregnancy: a reviewPublication . Branco, Marco A. C.; Santos-Rocha, Rita; Vieira, Maria FilomenaDuring pregnancy women experience several changes in the body’s physiology, morphology, and hormonal system. These changes may affect the balance and body stability and can cause discomfort and pain. The adaptations of the musculoskeletal system due to morphological changes during pregnancy are not fully understood. Few studies clarify the biomechanical changes of gait that occur during pregnancy and in postpartum period.Purposes. The purpose of this review was to analyze the available evidence on the biomechanical adaptations of gait that occur throughout pregnancy and in postpartum period, specifically with regard to the temporal, spatial, kinematic, and kinetic parameters of gait.Methods. Three databases were searched and 9 studies with a follow-up design were retrieved for analysis.Results. Most studies performed temporal, spatial, and kinematic analysis. Only three studies performed kinetic analysis.Conclusion. The adaptation strategies to the anatomical and physiological changes throughout pregnancy are still unclear, particularly in a longitudinal perspective and regarding kinetic parameters.
- Phase angle cutoff value as a marker of the health status and functional capacity in breast cancer survivorsPublication . Martins, Alexandre; Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João; Costa, Tiago; Ramalho, Fatima; Pimenta, Nuno; Santos-Rocha, RAAccurate predictive tools are key factors for cancer care. Phase angle (PhA) has been proposed as a marker of cellular health, particularly of cell-membrane integrity. Cutoff values have been proposed, including for cancer survivors. This study aimed to assess the usefulness of the proposed PhA cutoff, as a marker of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) assessed health-status, and functional capacity in breast cancer (BC) survivors. This cross-sectional study included 25 women (50.6 ± 8.6 yrs) survivors of BC, divided into two groups according to the PhA reference value of 5.6◦ (group 1 [G1]: PhA ≤ 5.6◦ [n=13]; group 2 [G2]: PhA > 5.6◦ [n=12]) (Gupta et al. 2008). BIA-assessed health status parameters included: extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), total body water (TBW), PhA, body mass, fat-free mass, muscle mass, body cell mass (BCM). Four functional tests were performed: 30 s chair-stand test, timed up and go test, ball throw test and 6-minute walking test. Results showed G2 had lower ECW/ICW ratio (p=0.001; ES=1.2), ECW/BCM ratio (p=0.001; ES=3.2) and ECW/TBW ratio (p=0.001; ES=4.8). There was no difference in functional capacity between groups. The results of the present study show that patients with higher PhA values have a higher ICW values and preservation in the ECW/ICW ratio, suggesting it’s a better cell membrane quality and integrity. Relation of both PhA and cell membrane integrity with functional capacity warrants further research.
- Comparison of the accuracy of a free 3D camera system with the Ariel performance systemPublication . Miranda-Oliveira, Paulo; Branco, Marco A. C.; Fernandes, Orlando J.; Santos-Rocha, RAThe aims were: (1) to determine the accuracy and time-consuming of the automatic digitalization feature of 3D motion analysis systems; and (2) to determine the reliability of the 3D position when a football player performed a hard kick with spin. Four high-speed cameras (Casio ZR200 (512x384)) with a 240 Hz field rate were used. Automatic scanning of the Kinovea® and APAS® software was used. The accuracy was determined through mean absolute error, maximum absolute error, mean standard deviation of absolute error, and the variability values. The reliability was calculated with the Intra-Class Correlation. The mean absolute error (3.62 to 3.78 mm), maximum absolute error (9.09 to 11.61 mm), mean standard deviation of absolute error (0.01 to 0.59 mm), variability values (<1 mm), and the auto-digitalization time (16 to 31 minutes) were calculated and were within the values obtained in the literature. The reliability was determined with the Intra-Class Correlation, and the results were higher than 0.90, warrantied a high consistency for chosen software. The accuracy and the reliability intra-operator were determined, and the results indicated that it is possible to apply the free 3D camera system, with consistency in free-kick analysis.
- Can group exercise programs improve health outcomes in pregnant women? A systematic reviewPublication . Jorge, Cristina; Santos-Rocha, Rita; Bento, TeresaCurrent scientific evidence supports the recommendation to initiate or continue the practice of physical exercise in healthy pregnant women. Group exercise programs have positive effects in improving health and well-being, as well as social support. In order to understand the scientific evidence in this field, and the outcomes in maternal health, it has generated wide interest in exploring the studies carried out with more relevant group exercise programs. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the available evidence on the effectiveness of group exercise programs in improving women’s and newborns health outcomes during pregnancy. Three databases were used to conduct literature searches and strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were employed. Seventeen studies were selected for analysis. All studies were randomized control trials conducted with pregnant women that evaluated the effect of group exercise programs on the health outcomes of mother and newborn. Most studies followed a supervised structured exercise program including a main aerobic part, resistance training, pelvic floor training and stretching and relaxation sections. The significant effects of the programs are related with improved maternal perception of health status, lower maternal weight gain, improved levels of maternal glucose tolerance, improved aerobic fitness and muscular strength, lower frequency of urinary incontinence, improved sick leave due to lumbopelvic pain, fewer cesarean and instrumental deliveries, higher newborn Apgar score and faster postpartum recovery. Exercise and health professionals should advise pregnant women that aerobic group exercise during pregnancy improves a wide range of health outcomes for the women and newborn
- Comparison between overweight due to pregnancy and due to added weight to simulate body mass distribution in pregnancyPublication . Aguiar, Liliana; Santos-Rocha, Rita; Vieira, Maria Filomena; Branco, Marco A. C.; Andrade, Carlos; Veloso, AntónioThe assessment of biomechanical loading in the musculoskeletal system of the pregnant women is particularly interesting since they are subject to morphological, physiological and hormonal changes, which may lead to adaptations in gait. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the increased mass in the trunk associated to pregnancy on the lower limb and pelvis, during walking, on temporal-distance parameters, joint range of motion and moments of force, by comparing a pregnant women group to a non-pregnant group, and to this group while carrying a 5 kg additional load located in the abdomen and breasts during walking, to understand which gait adaptations may be more related with the increased trunk mass, or if may be more associated with other factors such as the girth of the thigh. The subjects performed a previous 12 min training adaption to the added load. To calculate ankle, knee and hip joint angles and moments of force, a three-dimensional biomechanical model was developed. The inverse dynamics method was used to estimate net joint moments of force. The increased mass of the anterior trunk associated with second trimester of pregnancy may influence some gait variables such as the left step time, left and right stance times, double limb support time, maximum hip extension, maximum pelvic right obliquity, pelvic obliquity range of motion, maximum transversal left rotation and peak hip flexion moments of force.
- Exercise training programs and detraining in older womenPublication . Oliveira, Rafael; Santa-Marinha, Carlos; Leão, Rafael; Bento, Teresa; Santos-Rocha, Rita; Brito, João; Monteiro, DiogoThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of exercise training programs and detraining. Fifty-one aged women participated in two supervised exercise programs: a group of land-based exercise and a group of land-based exercise plus aquatic exercise, both being evaluated at the baseline after nine months of intervention and three months of detraining. After intervention, both groups had decreased blood pressure and improved resistance of the lower and upper limbs. After a detraining period, both groups showed significant increase in blood pressure while resistance of lower and upper limbs, agility and aerobic capacity had a significant decrease.
- Influence of body composition on gait Kinetics throughout pregnancy and postpartum periodPublication . Branco, Marco A. C.; Santos-Rocha, Rita; Vieira, Maria Filomena; Silva, Maria Raquel; Aguiar, Liliana; Veloso, António P.Pregnancy leads to several changes in body composition and morphology of women. It is not clear whether the biomechanical changes occurring in this period are due exclusively to body composition and size or to other physiological factors. The purpose was to quantify the morphology and body composition of women throughout pregnancy and in the postpartum period and identify the contribution of these parameters on the lower limb joints kinetic during gait. Eleven women were assessed longitudinally, regarding anthropometric, body composition, and kinetic parameters of gait. Body composition and body dimensions showed a significant increase during pregnancy and a decrease in the postpartum period. In the postpartum period, body composition was similar to the 1st trimester, except for triceps skinfold, total calf area, and body mass index, with higher results than at the beginning of pregnancy. Regression models were developed to predict women’s internal loading through anthropometric variables. Four models include variables associated with the amount of fat; four models include variables related to overall body weight; three models include fat-free mass; one model includes the shape of the trunk as a predictor variable. Changes in maternal body composition and morphology largely determine kinetic dynamics of the joints in pregnant women.
- Promoção da atividade física e do exercício durante a gravidez e o pós-parto. Guia para profissionais de saúdePublication . Santos-Rocha, RA; Silva, Maria-Raquel G.; Dias, Hélia; Jorge, Rui
- Effects of 8-week online, supervised high-intensity interval training on the parameters related to the anaerobic threshold, body weight, and body composition during pregnancy: a randomized controlled trialPublication . Yu, Hongli; Santos-Rocha, RA; Radzimiński, Łukasz; Jastrzębski, Zbigniew; Bonisławska, Iwona; Szwarc, Andrzej; Szumilewicz, AnnaWe aimed to assess the effects of an 8-week, online high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program on the parameters related to the anaerobic threshold (AT), body weight, and body compo sition in pregnant women. A total of 69 Caucasian women with an uncomplicated singleton preg nancy (age: 31 ± 4 years; gestational age: 22 ± 5 weeks; mean ± standard deviation) were randomly allocated to either an 8-week HIIT program (HIIT group) or to a comparative 8-week educational program (EDU group). Our most important finding was that even with the 8-week progression of pregnancy and physiological weight gain, the HIIT group maintained the same level of parameters related to AT: volume of oxygen at the AT (VO2/AT), percentage of maximal oxygen uptake at the AT (%VO2max/AT), and heart rate at the AT (HR/AT). In contrast, in the EDU group we observed a substantial deterioration of parameters related to the AT. The HIIT intervention substantially re duced the fat mass percentage (median: 30 to 28%; p < 0.01) and improved the total fat-free mass percentage (median: 70% to 72%; p < 0.01). In the EDU group, the body composition did not change significantly. An online, supervised HIIT program may be used to prevent the pregnancy-related risk of excessive weight gain and reduction in exercise capacity without yielding adverse obstetric or neonatal outcomes.
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