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- Operacionalização da estratégia no Município de Ourém como aproximação para a promoção da saúdePublication . Sobreiro, Pedro; Santos-Rocha, Rita; Claudino, RuiAs iniciativas desenvolvidas para incrementar a atividade física devem ser articuladas e planeadas a partir de pressupostos para a atividade física, como a maior participação da população. O planeamento deve ser desenvolvido com o objetivo de reduzir e prevenir as doenças e promover a saúde. Assumindo a prática desportiva como algo fundamental para a saúde, é necessário identificar mecanismos que permitam agilizar esta aproximação. Numa conjuntura de fortes constrangimentos económicos, os clubes desportivos podem desempenhar um papel fundamental. Propomos uma abordagem baseada no Business Process Management que facilita a organização dos clubes e a resolução dos seus problemas, devidamente enquadrados nos pressupostos necessários para desenvolver a atividade física. Esta abordagem facilita a identificação dos requisitos dos sistemas de informação e que suportam a sua construção. Apresenta-se as etapas desenvolvidas de forma de clarificar partindo de objetivos estratégicos e decompondo-os até níveis operacionais, para dar resposta às necessidades dos clubes.
- Biomechanics of Gait during Pregnancy: a reviewPublication . Branco, Marco A. C.; Santos-Rocha, Rita; Vieira, Maria FilomenaDuring pregnancy women experience several changes in the body’s physiology, morphology, and hormonal system. These changes may affect the balance and body stability and can cause discomfort and pain. The adaptations of the musculoskeletal system due to morphological changes during pregnancy are not fully understood. Few studies clarify the biomechanical changes of gait that occur during pregnancy and in postpartum period.Purposes. The purpose of this review was to analyze the available evidence on the biomechanical adaptations of gait that occur throughout pregnancy and in postpartum period, specifically with regard to the temporal, spatial, kinematic, and kinetic parameters of gait.Methods. Three databases were searched and 9 studies with a follow-up design were retrieved for analysis.Results. Most studies performed temporal, spatial, and kinematic analysis. Only three studies performed kinetic analysis.Conclusion. The adaptation strategies to the anatomical and physiological changes throughout pregnancy are still unclear, particularly in a longitudinal perspective and regarding kinetic parameters.
- Phase angle cutoff value as a marker of the health status and functional capacity in breast cancer survivorsPublication . Martins, Alexandre; Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João; Costa, Tiago; Ramalho, Fatima; Pimenta, Nuno; Santos-Rocha, RAAccurate predictive tools are key factors for cancer care. Phase angle (PhA) has been proposed as a marker of cellular health, particularly of cell-membrane integrity. Cutoff values have been proposed, including for cancer survivors. This study aimed to assess the usefulness of the proposed PhA cutoff, as a marker of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) assessed health-status, and functional capacity in breast cancer (BC) survivors. This cross-sectional study included 25 women (50.6 ± 8.6 yrs) survivors of BC, divided into two groups according to the PhA reference value of 5.6◦ (group 1 [G1]: PhA ≤ 5.6◦ [n=13]; group 2 [G2]: PhA > 5.6◦ [n=12]) (Gupta et al. 2008). BIA-assessed health status parameters included: extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), total body water (TBW), PhA, body mass, fat-free mass, muscle mass, body cell mass (BCM). Four functional tests were performed: 30 s chair-stand test, timed up and go test, ball throw test and 6-minute walking test. Results showed G2 had lower ECW/ICW ratio (p=0.001; ES=1.2), ECW/BCM ratio (p=0.001; ES=3.2) and ECW/TBW ratio (p=0.001; ES=4.8). There was no difference in functional capacity between groups. The results of the present study show that patients with higher PhA values have a higher ICW values and preservation in the ECW/ICW ratio, suggesting it’s a better cell membrane quality and integrity. Relation of both PhA and cell membrane integrity with functional capacity warrants further research.
- Comparison of the accuracy of a free 3D camera system with the Ariel performance systemPublication . Miranda-Oliveira, Paulo; Branco, Marco A. C.; Fernandes, Orlando J.; Santos-Rocha, RAThe aims were: (1) to determine the accuracy and time-consuming of the automatic digitalization feature of 3D motion analysis systems; and (2) to determine the reliability of the 3D position when a football player performed a hard kick with spin. Four high-speed cameras (Casio ZR200 (512x384)) with a 240 Hz field rate were used. Automatic scanning of the Kinovea® and APAS® software was used. The accuracy was determined through mean absolute error, maximum absolute error, mean standard deviation of absolute error, and the variability values. The reliability was calculated with the Intra-Class Correlation. The mean absolute error (3.62 to 3.78 mm), maximum absolute error (9.09 to 11.61 mm), mean standard deviation of absolute error (0.01 to 0.59 mm), variability values (<1 mm), and the auto-digitalization time (16 to 31 minutes) were calculated and were within the values obtained in the literature. The reliability was determined with the Intra-Class Correlation, and the results were higher than 0.90, warrantied a high consistency for chosen software. The accuracy and the reliability intra-operator were determined, and the results indicated that it is possible to apply the free 3D camera system, with consistency in free-kick analysis.
- Can group exercise programs improve health outcomes in pregnant women? A systematic reviewPublication . Jorge, Cristina; Santos-Rocha, Rita; Bento, TeresaCurrent scientific evidence supports the recommendation to initiate or continue the practice of physical exercise in healthy pregnant women. Group exercise programs have positive effects in improving health and well-being, as well as social support. In order to understand the scientific evidence in this field, and the outcomes in maternal health, it has generated wide interest in exploring the studies carried out with more relevant group exercise programs. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the available evidence on the effectiveness of group exercise programs in improving women’s and newborns health outcomes during pregnancy. Three databases were used to conduct literature searches and strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were employed. Seventeen studies were selected for analysis. All studies were randomized control trials conducted with pregnant women that evaluated the effect of group exercise programs on the health outcomes of mother and newborn. Most studies followed a supervised structured exercise program including a main aerobic part, resistance training, pelvic floor training and stretching and relaxation sections. The significant effects of the programs are related with improved maternal perception of health status, lower maternal weight gain, improved levels of maternal glucose tolerance, improved aerobic fitness and muscular strength, lower frequency of urinary incontinence, improved sick leave due to lumbopelvic pain, fewer cesarean and instrumental deliveries, higher newborn Apgar score and faster postpartum recovery. Exercise and health professionals should advise pregnant women that aerobic group exercise during pregnancy improves a wide range of health outcomes for the women and newborn
- Analysis of kinematics of the lower limb during step exercisePublication . Santos-Rocha, RA; Veloso, António; Valamatos, M João; Machado, M Lourdes; André, Helô IsaThe motion of lower extremity joints is one of the mechanisms by which mechanical load is attenuated. The main purposes of this study were to characterize the motion of the right lower limb in a group of 18 women experienced in step exercise, when performing selected step patterns, and to investigate the differences that exist between four stepping rate conditions (125, 130, 135, and 140 beats per minute) and between four step patterns (basic step, knee lift, run step, and knee hop). The parameters explored were the range-of-movement and angular velocity of hip, knee, and ankle joints at initial contact and peak values. The four movement patterns analyzed presented different kinematical profiles, but no profiles were influenced by stepping rate. Stepping rate and step pattern had more effect on range of motion of ankle and knee joints, and on the angular velocity of knee and hip joints. To prevent injury, proper instruction should be provided in relation to foot placement on the step bench and on the ground.
- Tendências do Fitness em Portugal para 2021Publication . Franco, Susana; Santos-Rocha, Rita; Ramalho, Fátima; Simões, Vera; Isabel, Vieira; Ramos, LilianaEl Colegio Americano de Medicina Deportiva (ACSM) publica anualmente un estudio que identifica las tendencias mundiales de fitness para el próximo año. El presente estudio reproduce la metodología del estudio de las tendencias del ACSM y pretende caracterizar las tendencias del fitness en Portugal para 2021 según profesionales y estudiantes bien como de practicantes del sector, comparando los resultados con estudios a nivel mundial, europeo y español. Además de la caracterización, se compararon las tendencias entre practicantes y profesionales/estudiantes, y en esta entre géneros, si ejercer o no funciones como profesional y tener el título de Técnico en Ejercicio Físico (TEF), Director Técnico (DT) o no tener título. En este estudio participaron 300 profesionales/estudiantes y 85 practicantes, qué respondieron a un cuestionario online diseñado para tal fin. Los resultados de los profesionales/estudiantes mostraron que las principales tendencias se refieren a licencias (títulos) para profesionales de fitness, empleo de profesionales de fitness certificados, entrenamiento personal, ejercicio para bajar de peso y estilo de vida saludable y cambio de comportamiento. Portugal tiende a estar más en línea con las tendencias europeas que con las mundiales. En la comparación entre profesionales y practicantes hay diferencias en 4 de 42 tendencias. En cuanto al género, se identificaron diferencias significativas en 20 de las 42 tendencias. Comparando los profesionales que realizaban funciones con los que no, se encontraron diferencias en 7 de las 42 tendencias, mientras que entre los títulos profesionales de TEF, DT o sin título profesional se encontraron diferencias en 9 de las 42 tendencias.
- Comparative study of water parameters and functional capacity in women survivors of breast cancer as a function of the cut-off value of the phase anglePublication . Martins, Alexandre; Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João; Costa, Tiago; Ramalho, Fátima; Pimenta, Nuno; Santos-Rocha, RAIn 2018, breast cancer (BC) registered 2,088,849 new cases worldwide and 626,679 deaths attributed to the disease (IARC, 2019). Phase angle (PhA) has been considered effective in assessing cell integrity in cancer patients (Schulz et al., 2017). Low PhA values are predictors of lower survival in this population (Pereira et al., 2018).
- Results from a 9-month physical activity intervention in physical fitness of older womenPublication . Bento, Teresa; Azul, Joana; Santos-Rocha, RitaObjective: The main purpose of our study was to analyze the effects of a 9-month, physical activity intervention program in physical fitness in older women. Methods: Older women were recruited and randomly assigned to a supervised physical activity group or to a control group. Combined exercise sessions were performed three times a week, for 45 minutes and controlled for intensity. Sociodemographic data, health and daily habits, and physical function was assessed at baseline and after nine months. Results: However the intervention group showed better results at the end of the program, comparison between groups revealed no statistically meaning differences, for all studied variables. Baseline results from both groups revealed to be higher than the reference standards for their age and gender, meaning that participants were already very active at the beginning of the intervention. Not controlling for physical activity in the control group may have limited the analysis. Conclusions: Although not statistically significant, our results indicate that participants of the intervention group achieved better results, meaning that this supervised, community based physical activity intervention program was beneficial. It should also be acknowledge that participants, at least, maintained their initial high level, meaning that there was no decline in their physical function.
- Comparison between overweight due to pregnancy and due to added weight to simulate body mass distribution in pregnancyPublication . Aguiar, Liliana; Santos-Rocha, Rita; Vieira, Maria Filomena; Branco, Marco A. C.; Andrade, Carlos; Veloso, AntónioThe assessment of biomechanical loading in the musculoskeletal system of the pregnant women is particularly interesting since they are subject to morphological, physiological and hormonal changes, which may lead to adaptations in gait. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of the increased mass in the trunk associated to pregnancy on the lower limb and pelvis, during walking, on temporal-distance parameters, joint range of motion and moments of force, by comparing a pregnant women group to a non-pregnant group, and to this group while carrying a 5 kg additional load located in the abdomen and breasts during walking, to understand which gait adaptations may be more related with the increased trunk mass, or if may be more associated with other factors such as the girth of the thigh. The subjects performed a previous 12 min training adaption to the added load. To calculate ankle, knee and hip joint angles and moments of force, a three-dimensional biomechanical model was developed. The inverse dynamics method was used to estimate net joint moments of force. The increased mass of the anterior trunk associated with second trimester of pregnancy may influence some gait variables such as the left step time, left and right stance times, double limb support time, maximum hip extension, maximum pelvic right obliquity, pelvic obliquity range of motion, maximum transversal left rotation and peak hip flexion moments of force.
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