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- Avaliação biométrica do terço posterior de bovinos de raça alentejana: resultados preliminaresPublication . Palma, R.; Vicente, António; Espadinha, P.; Carolino, NunoThe biometric evaluation is an evaluation method that aims to know the size of the animals from the measurement of several biometric elements. This type of evaluation should be associated with linear evaluation to understand which animals have desirable characteristics related to growth and muscular development. The aim of this study was to perform a biometric evaluation of the backpart of Alentejana cattle portuguese breed; the specific objectives were to perform measurements of various elements of the animal, like thoracic perimeter, body length, width and length of the rump. This work has been carried out so far in several farms affiliated with the breeders association (Associação dos Criadores de Bovinos da Raça Alentejana), based in Herdade da Coutada Real in Assumar, Monforte, between April and June 2017. 134 animals were measured during this period but a wider database was used, with information from 1342 animals from the breeder´s association, with measurements and presenting global reference values: the height at the withers (1,34±0,60m in females and 1,50±0,02m in males), the body length (1,617±0,900m in females and 1,77±0,02m in males), the thoracic perimeter (2,057±0,900m in females and 2,373±0,046m in males), the rump length (0,558±0,430m in females and 0,626±0,009m in males), the outside rump width (0,557±0,004m in females and 0,734±0,059m in males) and the hip-femural width (0,492±0,060m in females and 0,548±0,014m in males). From the results obtained we concluded that there was a positive evolution over the years, related to the animal’s size and conformation and we noticed a great homogeneity between animals, which is justified by values of standard deviation (between 0.030 and 0.207) and coefficient of variation low (between 5.8% and 14%). This type of evaluation is still rarely used by breeder’s associations, but there is expected that their use will help them in the selection and breeding of animals, when associated with other selection methods, like linear evaluation.
- Influência da frequência de ordenha e do tempo de permanência pós-parto cria-progenitora na produção de leite de ovelhas da Raça Assaf.Publication . Pardal, Paulo Reis Branco; Ferreira, I.; Cavaco, J.; Roldão, D.; Carolino, NunoO presente trabalho foi realizado no efectivo ovino Assaf da Sociedade Agrícola da Herdade do Matinho com o objectivo de avaliar a influência da frequência de ordenha e do tempo de permanência pós-parto do borrego com a progenitora, na produção de leite da ovelha. Utilizou-se um total de 96 ovelhas, cujas crias foram submetidas a quatro períodos distintos de permanência pós-parto com a progenitora: 0, 12, 24 e 36 horas. À medida que se procedeu ao desmame, as ovelhas foram distribuídas aleatoriamente por dois grupos experimentais, submetidos a duas ou três ordenhas diárias. Com recurso ao programa SAS analisaram-se as produções de leite ajustadas aos 60, 90 e 120 dias de lactação (PL60d, PL90d e PL120d, respectivamente). O modelo de análise incluiu os mês de parto (Fevereiro ou Março), tipo de parto (simples ou múltiplo), frequência de ordenha (2 ou 3 ordenhas), tipo de desmame (0, 12, 24 ou 36 horas), idade da ovelha ao parto (covariável – efeitos linear e quadrático) e a consanguinidade individual (covariável – efeito linear). Registaram-se produções médias de leite de 147.60±57.7, 75.50, 263.63±91.59 L aos 60, 90 e 120 dias de lactação, respectivamente. O número diário de ordenhas influenciou significativamente a produção de leite (P<0.01), registando-se aumentos de 24%(+32L), 18%(+36L) e 23%(+56L) aos 60, 90 e 120 dias de lactação, respectivamente, nas ovelhas submetidas a três ordenhas diárias. O tipo de desmame não influenciou significativamente a produção de leite, no entanto verificaram-se ligeiras diferenças (P<0,10) na PL90d e PL120d, registando-se valores mais elevados para o período de aleitamento de 36 horas (PL90d e PL120d, registando-se valores mais elevados para o período de aleitamento de 36 horas (PL90d=245.87±19.17L e PL120d= 308.59±27.07 L), seguindo-se o período 24 horas (PL90 = 218.32±19.17L e PL120 = 286.18±24.73 L). As ovelhas que permaneceram com as suas crias apenas 12 horas pós-parto apresentam produções mais baixas (PL90d=180.82±12.85L e PL 120d=229.90±15.43L). O tipo de parto e a consanguinidade individual não influenciaram a produção de leite em nenhum dos períodos considerados(P>0.01). A idade da ovelha ao parto influenciou a produção de leite aos 60, 90 e 120 dias, verificando-se as maiores produções em amimais com idades compreendidas entre os 54 e 72 meses. Os coeficientes de determinação dos modelos de análise variaram entre 0.29 e 0.40.
- Consanguinidade no cavalo Puro-sangue LusitanoPublication . Carolino, Nuno; Vicente, António
- Portuguese Equidae native breeds: main characteristics, census and demographic parametersPublication . Vicente, António; Carolino, Nuno; Fradinho, M.J.The aim of this study was to summarise the main characteristics of the Portuguese Equidae native breeds. Portugal is a small country from the southwest of Europe with 50 recognised domestic native breeds. Among them there are 6 Equidae breeds, 4 equine (Lusitano, Sorraia, Garrano and Terceira pony) and 2 donkey populations (Miranda and Graciosa). In this review we present an overall census of each population, average body weight, height at withers, skills and uses, dynamics in the studbook and some demographic parameters such as known generations, generation interval and inbreeding. Lusitano horse is the main equine breed, with a close studbook and small census of 3,623 breeding females (half outside Portugal), spread around the globe with more than 30 countries breeding it. The Garrano pony is a small horse from the northwest, with a close studbook, with 1,994 breeding females, 162 stallions, and 435 breeders. Sorraia horse is a primitive southern European breed regarded as an universal genetic resource, very resistant and versatile, managed as a close population since 1937 with only 18 breeders, ~150 breeding females and a total of ~350 animals worldwide. Terceira Pony, from Azores, with an open studbook, was the last to be recognised (2014), with a total of ~100 animals descending from 14 founders. The Miranda donkey from the northeast is a long bay coat animal, with a calm temperament suited for agriculture, milk production and leisure, with a total of 756 females, 60 stallions and 460 breeders. The Graciosa donkey, from Azores, is the most recently recognised donkey breed (2015). With a very small size, a scarce census of 92 dams, of which only 22 are in production, 13 stallions and 63 breeders, are bred for conservation, tourism and milk production. Beside the opportunities for research and conservation programs, all these breeds represent important socio-economic and ecological values, that will enhance the sustainability of Mediterranean production systems.
- Genetic diversity in the Lusitano horse breed assessed by pedigree analysisPublication . Vicente, António; Carolino, Nuno; Gama, LuisGenetic diversity and population structure were analyzed in the Lusitano horse breed based on pedigree information of animals registered in the Studbook, to identify factors which may have affected the genetic variability of the breed, and provide the bases for the establishment of sustainable utilization programs. Pedigree records collected from 1824 to 2009, including information on 53,411 animals, were used in the analyses. The mean generation interval was 11.33±5.23 and 9.71±4.48 years for sires and dams, respectively, while the mean number of offspring registered was 13.13±22.53 for stallions and 4.00±3.38 for mares. All great-grandparents were known for the animals in the reference population (registered foals born from 2005 to 2009, n=9712), which had a mean number of equivalent generations known of 11.20±0.71 and an average inbreeding of 11.34±7.48%. For this population, the rate of inbreeding per year was 0.173±0.070, and the effective population size computed from this rate was about 28. The mean relationship among animals from the same and from different studs was 0.31±0.16 and 0.15±0.10, respectively. In spite of the high within-stud relationship, inbreeding has been kept lower than expected due to restrictions imposed by breeders on selection and allocation of mates. The effective number of founders, ancestors and studs contributing to the current genetic pool was 27.5, 11.7 and 5.4, respectively. Over the last 30 years, contributions to the genetic pool of Lusitano have been decreasing, with a reduction to about one-half in the effective number of founders and ancestors. Of the 267 founder sires, only 9 Y-chromosome sources are currently represented, with an effective number of 2.23. The diversity of mt-DNA sources is broader, with 129 lineages represented and an effective number of 42.8. The results of our study reflect the intensive emphasis that has been placed on a few sire-families over the years, and raise concerns regarding the conservation of genetic diversity for the future. Methods designed to minimize inbreeding and maximize the maintenance of genetic contributions from different founders and ancestors should be envisaged, to prevent further losses of genetic variability in the Lusitano horse breed.
- Malhado de Alcobaça: uma raça suína autóctone em risco de extinçãoPublication . Carolino, I.; Pereira, R. L. N.; Carolino, Nuno; Vicente, António
- Caractérisation démographique du cheval lusitanienPublication . Vicente, António; Carolino, Nuno; Gama, Luis
- Programa de melhoramento genético do porco Malhado de Alcobaça : avaliação genética para características produtivas e reprodutivasPublication . Vicente, António; Carolino, Nuno
- Análise da estrutura genética de populações ovinas churras portuguesasPublication . Santos-Silva, F.; Ivo, R.; Sousa, M. C.; Vicente, António; Carolino, M. I.; Carolino, Nuno; Gama, LuisA diversidade e estrutura genética foram estudadas em seis raças portuguesas do grupo Churro (Badana, Galega Bragançana, Galega Mirandesa, Mondegueira, Churra da Terra Quente e Algarvia), e na raça exótica Assaf, com um conjunto de 20 microssatélites. Os dados foram analisados com a metodologia bayesiana implementada pelo software STRUCTURE. A variabilidade genética observada sugere a existência de quatro populações ancestrais na sua origem. As raças Assaf e Algarvia estão bem identificadas com populações ancestrais distintas, o que resultará do seu distanciamento geográfico relativamente às restantes raças. As outras raças Churras, cuja área de exploração é o Norte de Portugal, mostram um grau de diferenciação reduzido, e resultam de duas populações ancestrais que contribuem em maior ou menor proporção para cada raça, o que indica que provavelmente terá existido fluxo de genes entre estas raças.
- Avaliação genética no cavalo Puro-sangue LusitanoPublication . Carolino, Nuno; Vicente, António