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- Impact analysis of BPN in subjective happiness, subjective vitality and physical sctivity in an elderly portuguese populationPublication . Couto, Nuno; Antunes, Raul; Monteiro, Diogo; Moutão, João; Marinho, Daniel; Cid, LuisThe goal of this work is to analyze the impact of elderly Portuguese individuals’ global perception of satisfying basic psychological needs in the areas of subjective happiness, subjective vitality and physical activity through a structural equations model. The way of well-being differs according to the amount of physical activity practiced in Portuguese elderly was also analyzed. Participants included 309 elderly people (242 females, 67 males) of Portuguese nationality who practice different levels of physical activity. Their ages range from 60 to 90 years old (M=68.59; DP=6.60). The obtained results show that the perception of basic psychological needs in Portuguese elderly people’s lives are a positive predictor of subjective happiness and subjective vitality. Also, the results verified that elderly people who perceive higher levels of competence practice more physical activity. Consequently, it is also possible to conclude that elderly people who participate in more physical activities perceive greater levels of subjective happiness and subjective vitality.
- Examining exercise motives between gender, age and activity: a first-order scale analysis and measurement invariancePublication . Rodrigues, Filipe; MOUTÃO, JOÃO; Teixeira, Diogo; Cid, Luis; Monteiro, DiogoConceptualizing an exercise program according to exercisers motives seems to be crucial. Thus, adequate and validated scale assessing motives for physical activity is necessary. This study aimed to translate and validate the Exercise Motives Inventory – 2 (EMI-2), a scale assessing fourteen motives for regular physical activity in Portuguese exercisers. In addition, comparison of motives between groups were made according to gender, age, and fitness activity. For scale validation, data from two independent samples were collected: calibration (n = 820; female = 499) and validation (n = 733; female = 451) participants. For scale reliability and mean difference analysis, data from a new sample was collected (n = 515; female = 342). Results showed that data did not fit the original 51-item model. After reviewing item loadings, two items were eliminated, since they presented factor loadings below acceptable. Hence, the revised model encompassing 49-item had an adequate fit. Convergent and discriminant validity was achieved in the revised model, displaying acceptable construct validity. In addition, invariance criteria were respected between female and male Portuguese exercisers. Regarding mean comparison analysis, differences were found between gender, and across age and fitness activities. Nevertheless, in overall the majority of exercisers indicated “general health” and “physiological” motives as the most valued. The EMI-2 is a reliable scale assessing motives in Portuguese exercisers. This study suggests that exercise programs should be conceptualized considering motives, but also gender, age, and fitness activity.
- Validação da subjetive happiness scale (shs) e influência da atividade física sobre a felicidade dos idosos portuguesesPublication . Couto, Nuno; Antunes, Raul; Monteiro, Diogo; Vitorino, Anabela; Moutão, João; Marinho, Daniel; Cid, LuisEste estudo objetivou validar a versão portuguesa da Subjetive Happiness Scale (SHS) para a população idosa portuguesa através de uma análise fatorial confirmatória, e verificar de que modo a felicidade subjetiva se faz diferenciar entre idosos fisicamente ativos e inativos. Participaram neste estudo, 309 idosos (242 género feminino, 67 género masculino), com idades compreendidas entre os 60 e os 90 anos (M = 68.59; DP = 6.60). Os resultados obtidos revelaram um ajustamento muito satisfatório do modelo original da SHS : χ² = .26; p = .87; df = 2; SRMR = .006; TLI = .98; CFI = .99; RMSEA = .00, o que nos leva a concluir que a versão portuguesa da SHS pode ser utilizada com elevada confiança na avaliação da felicidade subjetiva na população idosa. Verificou-se ainda, através do estudo das diferenças, que os idosos ativos possuem maior perceção de felicidade relativamente aos inativos.
- Validation of the Behavioral Regulation Sport Questionnaire in portuguese athletesPublication . Monteiro, Diogo; Moutão, João; Cid, LuisThe purpose of this study was to translate and validate the Behavioural Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ), using confirmatory factor analysis, with a total sample formed of 940 athletes (n = 232 female and n = 708 male), from different sports: football (n = 623), basketball (n = 202), athletics (n = 43) and swimming (n = 72), participating in the categories of iniciated, juvenile, junior and senior, with an average of (M = 17.63; SD = 4.32) years. The results support the suitability of the model (6 factors/24 items), showing an adjustment fit to the data for this sample (S-B χ² = 1308; df = 237; p = .001; SRMR = .059; NNFI = .895; CFI = .901; RMSEA = .066; 90%IC RMSEA = .066-.070). As for the individual parameters, the items factorial weights present acceptable values, factor loadings varied (between .49 to .84), and acceptable values of internal reliability, convergent and discriminant validity’s. Those findings allow us to conclude that the Portuguese version of the BRSQ can be used with high confidence to evaluate de motivation regulation in the sport context.
- Development and validation of a physical exercise training program for women diagnosed with Fibromyalgia “Pessoas com Fibra” (People with Fiber). A pilot studyPublication . Sousa, Mónica; MOUTÃO, JOÃO; Oliveira, Rafael; Alves, SusanaFibromyalgia is a chronic disease that affects patients’ quality of life, leading to reduced physical activity levels. This problem can therefore be attenuated by promoting physical exercise training programs (PETP). The aim of this pilot study was to develop and validate a PETP, “Pessoas com Fibra”, designed to increase physical activity and improve the quality of life of women diagnosed with Fibromyalgia, aged between 30 and 60. The PETP was designed and validated by physical fitness specialists in accordance with Revised Guidelines for Reporting Criteria on the Development and Evaluation of Complex Health Interventions and the Consensus Guidelines on Physical Exercise Programme Reporting Model. It went through three phases: development, piloting and evaluation. This study presents an intervention proposal based on improving the participants' Fibromyalgia symptoms. “Pessoas com Fibra” program proposal presents suggestions for adaptation to the target population and exercises that can be replicated by professionals in the field of physical exercise and health.
- Examining the motivational determinants of enjoyment and the intention to continue of persistent competitive swimmersPublication . Monteiro, Diogo; Pelletier, Luc; Moutão, João; Cid, LuisThis study examined whether the motivational climate, the satis/action o/ basic psychological needs, sel/-determined motivation, and enjoyment could explain why swimmers persisted/or a periodo/six years and whether it could predict their intentions to continue practicing swimming one more year. Multigroup analysis across gender, age-groups and years o/ experience were also analysed. 799 swimmers (450 males, 349females), with ages between 12 and 22 years, completed a survey that included the proposed variables. The results support the adequacy o/ the/inal model in explaining the swimmers persistence aver a period o/ six years and their intention to persist one more year. In sum, when coaches create a taskinvolving climate, this climate is conducive to the satis/action o/ basic needs satis- /action. This, in turn, leads to more self-determined motivation, more enjoyment and more intention to continue the practice o/one's sport, independently o/gender, age-groups and years o/ experience.
- The Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) Portuguese-Version: Evidence of Reliability, Validity and Invariance Across GenderPublication . Cid, Luis; Monteiro, Diogo; Teixeira, Diogo; Teques, Pedro; Alves, Susana; Moutão, João; Nunes Silva, Marlene; Palmeira, AntónioThis study has as prime objective to analyze the psychometric properties of the Behavioral Regulation Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-3) in a sample of Portuguese exercisers and invariance across gender. Two independent samples (448 calibration; 374 validation), aged between 16 and 78 years (M = 40.29; SD = 16.24), of both gender, (495 female; 327 male) were enrolled in this study. The results show that the original model (six factors; 24 items) did not fit to the data in a satisfactory way (χ 2 = 977.49; df = 237; B-S p < 0.001; SRMR = 0.07; NNFI = 0.80; CFI = 0.83; RMSEA = 0.08; 90% CI = 0.08–0.09). After removing six items (one for each factor), the model (six factors; 18 items) adjustment improved in a satisfactory way in both samples: calibration (χ 2 = 331.86; df = 120; B-S p < 0.001; SRMR = 0.06; NNFI = 0.91; CFI = 0.93; RMSEA = 0.06; 90% CI 0.06–0.07) and validation (χ 2 = 254.08; df = 120; B-S p < 0.001; SRMR = 0.04; NNFI = 0.93; CFI = 0.95; RMSEA = 0.06; 90% CI = 0.05–0.06). Results also showed model invariance across gender (1CFI ≤ 0.01). The Portuguese version of BREQ-3 (six factors; 18 items) is a valid and reliable measurement instrument to measure behavior regulation underlying self-determination theory in the exercise domain. However, the evidence also indicated that additional studies are needed to address the fragilities of the original model (six factors; 24 items).
- Effects of a combined training program on pain, stiffness, fatigue, and well-being in women with fibromyalgiaPublication . Sousa, Mónica; MOUTÃO, JOÃO; Oliveira, Rafael; Alves, SusanaFibromyalgia is a rheumatic disease characterized by chronic widespread muscle pain and its treatment is carried out through pharmacological interventions. Physical exercise and the adoption of a healthy lifestyle influence the reduction of the symptoms of the disease. The main objective of this study was to analyze the effects of a combined training program on health and functional capacity in female individuals diagnosed with Fibromyalgia. It was a quasi-experimental study with a duration of 8 months with a sample of six participants between 43 and 58 years old, who did not practice any type of physical exercise program. The following instruments were used in baseline and post intervention: Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36v2) and functional physical fitness tests (30-second chair stand, arm curl, sit and reach, 8-ft up-and-go, back scratch and 2-minute step test. Wilcoxon non-parametric test (intra-group comparison) was used, with a significance level of p<0.05 to compare baseline and post intervention effects. Significant improvements were observed: in 2-minute step test (p=0.21); physical function; physical performance; physical pain and general health, the mental component, vitality; social function of the SF-36v2 (all, p<0.05). Moreover, FIQ showed a significant reduction in all scales at the end of the program compared to the baseline (p<0.05). Combined training program can reduce the impact of fibromyalgia while improving health and aerobic performance.
- Adaptation and validation of the Portuguese version of Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale (BPNESp) to the sport domain and invariance across football and swimmingPublication . Monteiro, Diogo; Marinho, Daniel Almeida; MOUTÃO, JOÃO; Couto, Nuno; Antunes, Raúl; Cid, LuisThe purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale (BPNESp) to the sport domain, and to measure model invariance across football and swimming. Athletes (n=1382; 623 football, 759 swimming) with an average age of 18.77±SD 7.04 years participated in this study. Results supported the suitability of both the first and second order models, showing that the model was well adjusted to the data. In addition, the model showed the discriminant and convergent validity and composite reliability of the factors, and was invariant between football and swimming (ΔCFI≤.01).
- O papel de mediação das necessidades psicológicas na associação entre o suporte de autonomia e o bem-estar psicológico em praticantes de fitnessPublication . MOUTÃO, JOÃO; Alves, Susana; Monteiro, Diogo; Cid, LuisTendo por base a teoria da autodeterminação, este estudo objetiva a análise do papel mediador da perceção de satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas na relação entre a perceção de suporte de autonomia dado pelo instrutor de fitness e indicadores de bem-estar psicológico, em praticantes de exercício. Participaram neste estudo 984 praticantes de fitness em ginásios, de ambos os géneros (531 femininos; 453 masculinos), com idades compreendidas entre os 16 e os 70 anos (M= 31.7; SD= 11.2). Todos os praticantes foram avaliados ao nível da sua perceção de suporte de autonomia dado pelo instrutor de fitness, perceção de satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas (competência, autonomia e relação) e bem-estar psicológico (vitalidade subjetiva, satisfação com a vida e autoestima global). Os resultados obtidos, com recurso à análise de equações estruturais, corroboram o papel mediador das necessidades psicológicas básicas na relação entre a perceção de suporte de autonomia e o bem-estar psicológico. Estes resultados clarificam o mecanismo de promoção do bem-estar psicológico em praticantes de exercício, auxiliando no processo de delineamento de intervenções futuras no contexto do fitness com este propósito.