Browsing by Author "Sarmento, Hugo"
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- Contemporary practices of portuguese and brazilian soccercoaches in designing and applying small-sided gamesPublication . Clemente, Filipe; Afonso, José; Silva, Rui Miguel; Aquino, Rodrigo; Vieira, Luiz Palucci; Santos, Fernando; Teoldo, Israel; Oliveira, Rafael; Praça, Gibson; Sarmento, HugoThis descriptive study aimed to investigate the current practices of Portuguese and Brazilian soccer coaches in the design and implementation of small-sided games (SSGs) in soccer. A total of 187 male coaches participated in the online survey, consisting of 82 Portuguese and 105 Brazilian individuals. These coaches held various positions within the technical staff, with 63 serving as head coaches, 38 as assistant coaches, 38 as physical trainers, and 48 in other roles related to the technical staff. Additionally, the participants represented both youth (n = 102) and adult competitive levels (n = 59), along with some who were not currently associated with a specific group. The survey consisted of 32 questions divided into three main sections: (i) the timing of SSG application, (ii) the methods used for applying SSGs, and (iii) the reasons for applying SSGs. The Chi-square test revealed a statistically significant association between nationality and the frequency of SSGs used in training sessions during the pre-season (p = 0.039) and in-season (p < 0.001). Moreover, significant association between nationality and the time allocated to employing SSGs for targeting aerobic training (p < 0.001) was found. There was a significant association between nationality and the weekly frequency of SSGs use for targeting sprint training (p = 0.019). The Chi-square test identified significant associations between nationality and the use of SSGs for targeting technical training (p = 0.002), as well as for tactical training (p = 0.002). In summary, this study underscores that SSGs are primarily employed to enhance aerobic fitness, change of direction, technical skills, and tactical behaviors. Coaches generally favor employing SSGs two to three times a week, with typical sessions lasting between 16 to 30 minutes. Notably, the major discrepancies between nationalities lie in the importance assigned to the use of SSGs. However, in practice, the formats and objectives for implementing SSGs remain relatively similar.
- Field-based tests for soccer players: methodological concerns and applicationsPublication . Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Oliveira, Rafael; Silva, Rui; Akyildiz, Zeki; Halil, Ibrahim Ceylan; González, Javier Raya; Fernández, Francisco Tomás González; Araújo, Rui; Sarmento, Hugo; Lima, Ricardo; Silva, Bruno; Matos, Sérgio; Chen, Yung-Sheng; Afonso, JoséThis book systematically summarizes the accuracy, precision, and repeatability levels of field-based tests applied in soccer. It considers such details as the effectiveness of tests for different age categories and sexes. In this book, the readers will be able to check all the field-based tests conceived for fitness assessment in soccer through a large systematic review made to the literature. In addition a brief characterization of each test and presentation of the concurrent validity and repeatability levels for each test will be provided. Finally, the book contains a general discussion of the implications of the tests for different methodological approaches to training. It will be use to sports scientists and practitioners.
- Futebol. Do treino à competição. Planeamento e operacionalizaçãoPublication . SANTOS, FERNANDO JORGE LOURENÇO DOS; Batista, Bruno; Teixeira, Eduardo; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Sarmento, Hugo; Santos, João; Coutinho, Patrícia; Abranja, Pedro; Ruivo, Rodrigo; Calvo, Tomás García; Padinha, Vitor; Pinheiro, ValterO Futebol é, hoje, uma das modalidades mais mediáticas a nível mundial e, por via disso, alvo de uma atenção significativa dos mídia e da população em geral. Esta popularidade do futebol está relacionada, em nosso entender, com a facilidade com que o jogo é entendido por quem o vê, pela imprevisibilidade do resultado final - mesmo quando jogam oponentes com forças diferentes – pelo facto de ser jogado com os pés (superfície que impõe dificuldades acrescidas), entre muitos outros aspetos. Toda esta atenção dada ao jogo de futebol reclama dos treinadores uma elevada competência no planeamento e operacionalização do processo de treino, espaço central e vital para levar a cabo o desenvolvimento dos jogadores e da equipa. Deste modo, Ser Treinador, nos dias de hoje, reivindica o desenvolvimento de um alargado quadro de saberes, conhecimentos e competências que podem ser desenvolvidos formal ou informalmente. Assim, este livro, foi pensado, construído e operacionalizado para dar resposta a muitas das principais interrogações do labor do treinador de futebol, sendo que, por via disso, está escrito num tom iminentemente prático e operativo, sem contudo negar a presença sistemática dos contributos das Ciências do Desporto. Por isso, este livro foi escrito para todos os treinadores de futebol, desde o alto rendimento até ao futebol amador. Aqui os treinadores encontrarão contributos decisivos sobre a organização de uma época desportiva, de uma microciclo, de uma sessão de treino, de um exercício, mas também, sobre a elaboração do modelo de jogo, a construção de uma equipa técnica, a comunicação do treinador, o treino de Guarda Redes, a identificação de talentos, o controlo do treino e o Treino da Força. No fundo, esta obra assume-se como uma manual prático e simples de Metodologia do Treino de Futebol, de fácil entendimento para todos quantos se dedicam ao ensino e treino desta modalidade. Se deseja ser um treinador competente e vencedor, não deverá deixar passar a oportunidade de ler este livro e, no final, verá que os seus saberes foram significativamente aumentados. Boas leituras!
- The influence of playing position on physical, physiological, and tchnical demands in adult male soccer matches: a systematic scoping review with evidence Gap MapPublication . Sarmento, Hugo; Martinho, Diogo V.; Gouveia, Élvio R.; Afonso, José; Chmura, Paweł; Field, Adam; Savedra, Nestor Ordoñez; Oliveira, Rafael; Praça, Gibson; Silva, Rui; Barrera-Díaz, Joel; Clemente, Filipe ManuelBackground There has been an increase in studies examining the demands of soccer relative to each playing position in recent years. Understanding the physical, physiological, and technical demands on soccer players according to their positional role during competitive matches is necessary to understand match requirements and develop position-specifc training practices. Thereby, there is a clear need to synthesize the information on the diferent profles of each playing position. Objective This review aimed to organize the literature investigating physical, physiological, and technical demands accord ing to playing positions and provide a framework to identify gaps and suggestions for future studies. Methods A systematic search was conducted in October 2023 using four electronic databases: Web of Science, SPORT Discus, PubMed and Scopus. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the PRISMA-ScR extension for Scoping Reviews. The studies were included if the sample comprised adult male soccer players categorized from Tier 3 to Tier 5 (i.e., highly trained/national level, elite/international level, or world class) and compared the physical, physiological, or technical parameters across playing positions. Results A total of 178 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The number of teams, players, and matches analyzed per study varied considerably. Although a range of classifcations were reported across studies, 59% of studies classifed players as central defenders, full-backs, central midfelders, wide midfelders, and forwards. The fnd ings suggests that central and external midfelders, and external defenders cover greater total and high-speed distance than forwards or central defenders. Sprint distance was higher in external midfelders versus all other positions. Defenders and central midfelders perform more passes than external midfelders and forwards. Heart rate was the most commonly reported physiological variable across playing positions. When expressed as a percentage of maximal heart rate, midfelders presented higher mean values than all other playing positions. Conclusion This scoping review demonstrates that there are diferences in the demands on players across playing positions in soccer. Training practices in soccer should be based on the specifc requirements of each positional role to ensure players can fulfll their tactical responsibilities during the game.
- Journeys of portuguese athletes to sporting success: the peaks and troughsPublication . Resende, Rui; Sequeira, Pedro; Sarmento, Hugo; Pereira, Antonino; Pinheiro, Maria Claúdia; Liston, KatieThis research examined the experiences of eight Portuguese (former) elite athletes from a social scientific perspective. In so doing it attempted to move away from the tentacles of achievement sport and, in particular, the performance efficiency model that dominates elite sport. Rather, it focused on the subjective and qualitative experiences of sportspeople themselves and gave them a forum to reflect upon the primary socializing agents that played a key role in their sporting success, and on the peaks and troughs on their journeys to sporting success, nationally and internationally. The research design included semi-structured interviews with athletes that excelled in athletics, handball, gymnastics, korfball and swimming. All eight had achieved outstanding results nationally and internationally. A qualitative approach was adopted for data collection and analysis. Giving voice to the former athletes themselves revealed much about: the primary socializing agents for sport in their lives, as young, teenage and adult athletes; those role models and mentors that influenced their initial and ongoing involvement and specialization in sport, these being the family (usually parents), physical education teachers and peers; and, finally, the peaks and troughs in their careers which usually hinged around sporting success or defeat, failure to achieve expected results, and the onset and impact of injury. Taken together, these findings reverberate with those of other researchers beyond the Lusophone world. They also indicate the emergence and development of a sports ethic in Portugal despite the comparatively late entry of that country into the global sporting arms race.
- Methodological characteristics, physiological and physical effects, and future directions for combined training in soccer: a systematic reviewPublication . Ribeiro, Jorge; Afonso, José; Camões, Miguel; Sarmento, Hugo; Sá, Mário; Lima, Ricardo; Oliveira, Rafael; Clemente, Filipe ManuelCombined training (CT) may combine strength and endurance training within a given time period, but it can also encompass additional protocols consisting of velocity, balance, or mobility as part of the same intervention. These combined approaches have become more common in soccer. This systematic review was conducted to (1) characterize the training protocols used in CT studies in soccer, (2) summarize the main physiological and physical effects of CT on soccer players, and (3) provide future directions for research. Methods: A systematic review of Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The PICOS were defined as follows: P (soccer players of any age or sex); I (CT combining strength and endurance or sprinting or balance or mobility training); C (the control group (whenever applicable), with or without comparative interventions in addition to usual soccer training); O (acute and/or chronic responses: biochemical, physiological and physical); S (must have at least two groups, either randomized or non-randomized). The database search initially identified 79 titles. From those, eight articles were deemed eligible for the systematic review. Three studies analyzed acute responses to concurrent training, while the remaining five analyzed adaptations to CT. In those tested for acute responses, physiological (hormonal) and physical (strength and power external load, internal load) parameters were observed. Adaptations were mainly focused on physical parameters (strength and power, sprints, jumps, repeated sprint ability, aerobic, change-of-direction), with relatively little focus on physiological parameters (muscle architecture). Short-term responses to CT can affect hormonal responses of testosterone after resistance training with internal and external load. In turn, these responses’ effects on strength and power have produced mixed results, as have adaptations. Specifically, strength and hypertrophy are affected to a lesser extent than speed/power movements. Nevertheless, it is preferable to perform CT before endurance exercises since it is a limiting factor for interference. Volume, intensity, rest between sessions, and athletes’ fitness levels and nutrition dictate the degree of interference.
- Recreational soccer training effects on pediatric populations physical fitness and health: a systematic reviewPublication . Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Moran, Jason; Ramirez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João; Silva, Ana Filipa; Badicu, Georgian; Praça, Gibson; Sarmento, HugoThis systematic review analyzed the effects of recreational soccer programs on physical fitness and health-related outcomes in youth populations. Studies were sought in the following databases: (i) PubMed, (ii) Scopus, (iii) SPORTDiscus, and (iv) Web of Science. The eligibility criteria included (1) population: youth (<18 years old) populations with no restrictions on sex or health condition; (2) intervention: exposure to a recreational soccer training program of at least four weeks duration; (3) comparator: a passive or active control group not exposed to a recreational soccer training program; (4) outcomes: physical fitness (e.g., aerobic, strength, speed, and change-of-direction) or health-related measures (e.g., body composition, blood pressure, heart rate variability, and biomarkers); (5) study design: a randomized parallel group design. The search was conducted on 6 September 2022 with no restrictions as to date or language. The risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro scale for randomized controlled studies. From a pool of 37,235 potentially relevant articles, 17 were eligible for inclusion in this review. Most of the experimental studies revealed the beneficial effects of recreational soccer for improving aerobic fitness and its benefits in terms of blood pressure and heart-rate markers. However, body composition was not significantly improved by recreational soccer. The main results revealed that recreational soccer training programs that are implemented twice a week could improve the generality of physical fitness parameters and beneficially impact cardiovascular health and biomarkers. Thus, recreational soccer meets the conditions for being included in the physical education curriculum as a good strategy for the benefit of the general health of children and young people.
- Sleep quality and training intensity in soccer players: exploring weekly variations and relationshipsPublication . Silva, Ana Filipa; Oliveira, Rafael; Akyildiz, Zeki; Yıldız, Mehmet; Ocak, Yücel; Günay, Mehmet; Sarmento, Hugo; Marques, Adilson; Badicu, Georgian; Clemente, Filipe ManuelThe aim of this study was twofold: it (i) analyzed the weekly variations of sleep quality and training intensity of youth soccer players and (ii) analyzed the relationships between sleep quality and training intensity. This study followed an observational design. Twenty men youth players (age: 18.81 ± 0.41 years) were monitored daily over two weeks for sleep quality and training intensity. Sleep quality was measured daily using the 15-item consensus sleep diary. The training intensity was measured daily using the CR-10 Borg’s scale as a measure of rate of perceived exertion (RPE); a heart rate (HR) sensor was used to measure minimum, average and peak; a global positioning system (GPS) was used for measuring the total distance covered and distances covered at different speed thresholds. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to analyze the weekly variations of sleep quality and training intensity. The Pearson correlation test was executed to analyze the relationships between sleep quality and training intensity. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant within-week variations in sleep duration (hours) (p = 0.043), quality of sleep (p = 0.035), RPE (p = 0.007), session-RPE (p = 0.011), HRminimum (p = 0.027), HRpeak (p = 0.005), total distance (p < 0.001), pace (p < 0.002), distance covered at 3.00–6.99 km/h (p < 0.001), distance covered at 7.00–10.99 km/h (p < 0.001), distance covered at 11.00–14.99 km/h (p < 0.001), distance covered at 15.00–18.99 km/h (p < 0.001) and distance covered at >19.00 km/h (p < 0.001). Significant small correlations were found between sleep duration before training and session-RPE (r = 0.252), total distance (r = 0.205), distance covered at 3.00–6.99 km/h (r = 0.209) and distance covered at 7.00–10.99 km/h (r = 0.265). Significant small correlations were found between session-RPE and sleep duration after (r = 0.233), total distance and quality of sleep after (r = 0.198), distance at 3.00–6.99 km/h and quality of sleep after training (r = 0.220), distance covered at >19.00 km/h and quality of sleep after training (r = 0.286), session duration and rested feeling after training (r = 0.227), total distance and rested feeling after training (r = 0.202), distance covered at 11.00–14.99 km/h and rested feeling after training (r = 0.222) and distance covered at >19.00 km/h and rested feeling after training (r = 0.214). In conclusion, sleep duration was longer in the training sessions during the middle of the week; the training intensity was also greater (485.8 ± 56.8 A.U.). Moreover, sleep outcomes after training were slightly correlated with both physiological and locomotor demands
- A systematic review of the criterion validity and reliability of technical and tactical field-based tests in soccerPublication . Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Praça, Gibson; Oliveira, Rafael; Aquino, Rodrigo; Araújo, Rui; Silva, Rui; Sarmento, Hugo; Afonso, JoséBackground: Field-based tests are important since they can guarantee ecological validity. Although most such tests are designed to assess physical fitness, tactical and technical dimensions are also determinants in a full battery of tests. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to (a) summarize the criterion validity and reliability of technical and tactical field-based tests applied in soccer and (b) list valid and reliable technical and tactical field-based tests. Methods: A systematic review of EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. The eligibility criteria included (i) population (soccer players from any age group, com petitive level, or sex); (ii) exposure (exposure to technical and/or tactical field-based tests covering individual technical skills, tactical behaviours, tactical knowledge, and decision-making in the field); (iii) comparator (a laboratory test and/ or a criterion field-based test); (iv) outcome (measures of reliability); and (v) no restrictions concerning study design. The synthesis of results focused on the outcomes considered in the eligibility criteria. Results: A total of 5008 titles were identified, of which 21 met the eligibility criteria. Eight studies’ analyses centred on tactical tests. Of those, six studies tested the same instrument (FUT-SAT), one study examined divergent thought, and one study used a soccer-specific skills test Among the 10 included studies involving technical tests, only two repeated the same test (the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test). Three studies included tests concurring with physical ones. According to the main findings, the eight studies that used tactical tests revealed that the outcomes obtained from the tests and observers were reliable. The 10 studies that used technical tests, as well as the three concurrent studies, revealed similarly high reliability. Of the eight studies that used tactical tests, seven involved youth participants. Furthermore, three of the 10 studies that conducted technical tests were done on adults. Of the concurrent tests, three involved youth athletes. Only one study including a tactical analysis presented values for validity, while three others provided information about validity. The four studies provided information about test validity. Conclusions: Overall, the selected technical and tactical tests, most of which were carried out on youth players, revealed their validity and reliability. Although most studies focused on reliability (which was confirmed regardless of the test included), criterion validity was also observed in the few studies that analysed such factors. Thus, the tests cur rently proposed for assessing technical and tactical behaviours possess acceptable criterion validity and reliability.
- The Influence of Playing Position on Physical, Physiological, and Technical Demands in Adult Male Soccer Matches: A Systematic Scoping Review with Evidence Gap MapPublication . Sarmento, Hugo; Martinho, Diogo V.; Gouveia, Élvio R.; Afonso, José; Chmura, Paweł; Field, Adam; Savedra, Nestor Ordoñez; Oliveira, Rafael; Praça, Gibson; Silva, Rui; Barrera-Díaz, Joel; Clemente, Filipe ManuelBackground There has been an increase in studies examining the demands of soccer relative to each playing position in recent years. Understanding the physical, physiological, and technical demands on soccer players according to their positional role during competitive matches is necessary to understand match requirements and develop position-specifc training practices. Thereby, there is a clear need to synthesize the information on the diferent profles of each playing position. Objective This review aimed to organize the literature investigating physical, physiological, and technical demands accord ing to playing positions and provide a framework to identify gaps and suggestions for future studies. Methods A systematic search was conducted in October 2023 using four electronic databases: Web of Science, SPORT Discus, PubMed and Scopus. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the PRISMA-ScR extension for Scoping Reviews. The studies were included if the sample comprised adult male soccer players categorized from Tier 3 to Tier 5 (i.e., highly trained/national level, elite/international level, or world class) and compared the physical, physiological, or technical parameters across playing positions. Results A total of 178 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The number of teams, players, and matches analyzed per study varied considerably. Although a range of classifcations were reported across studies, 59% of studies classifed players as central defenders, full-backs, central midfelders, wide midfelders, and forwards. The fnd ings suggests that central and external midfelders, and external defenders cover greater total and high-speed distance than forwards or central defenders. Sprint distance was higher in external midfelders versus all other positions. Defenders and central midfelders perform more passes than external midfelders and forwards. Heart rate was the most commonly reported physiological variable across playing positions. When expressed as a percentage of maximal heart rate, midfelders presented higher mean values than all other playing positions. Conclusion This scoping review demonstrates that there are diferences in the demands on players across playing positions in soccer. Training practices in soccer should be based on the specifc requirements of each positional role to ensure players can fulfll their tactical responsibilities during the game.