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Methodological characteristics, physiological and physical effects, and future directions for combined training in soccer: a systematic review
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Combined training (CT) may combine strength and endurance training within a given time
period, but it can also encompass additional protocols consisting of velocity, balance, or mobility as
part of the same intervention. These combined approaches have become more common in soccer.
This systematic review was conducted to (1) characterize the training protocols used in CT studies
in soccer, (2) summarize the main physiological and physical effects of CT on soccer players, and
(3) provide future directions for research. Methods: A systematic review of Cochrane Library,
PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases was performed according to the
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The
PICOS were defined as follows: P (soccer players of any age or sex); I (CT combining strength and
endurance or sprinting or balance or mobility training); C (the control group (whenever applicable),
with or without comparative interventions in addition to usual soccer training); O (acute and/or
chronic responses: biochemical, physiological and physical); S (must have at least two groups, either
randomized or non-randomized). The database search initially identified 79 titles. From those, eight
articles were deemed eligible for the systematic review. Three studies analyzed acute responses to
concurrent training, while the remaining five analyzed adaptations to CT. In those tested for acute
responses, physiological (hormonal) and physical (strength and power external load, internal load)
parameters were observed. Adaptations were mainly focused on physical parameters (strength and
power, sprints, jumps, repeated sprint ability, aerobic, change-of-direction), with relatively little
focus on physiological parameters (muscle architecture). Short-term responses to CT can affect
hormonal responses of testosterone after resistance training with internal and external load. In turn,
these responses’ effects on strength and power have produced mixed results, as have adaptations.
Specifically, strength and hypertrophy are affected to a lesser extent than speed/power movements.
Nevertheless, it is preferable to perform CT before endurance exercises since it is a limiting factor
for interference. Volume, intensity, rest between sessions, and athletes’ fitness levels and nutrition
dictate the degree of interference.
Description
Keywords
soccer athletic performance strength training high-intensity interval training resistance training Healthcare
Citation
Ribeiro, J.; Afonso, J.; Camões, M.; Sarmento, H.; Sá, M.; Lima, R.; Oliveira, R. & Clemente, F.M. (2921). Methodological Characteristics, Physiological and Physical Effects, and Future Directions for Combined Training in Soccer: A Systematic Review. Healthcare, 9(8), 1075. https://doi.org/10.3390/ healthcare9081075
Publisher
MDPI