Browsing by Author "Cid, Luis"
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- Abandono na natação: caracterização, motivos e orientações para a prevençãoPublication . Monteiro, Diogo; MOUTÃO, JOÃO; Marinho, Daniel; Cid, Luis
- Adaptation and Validation of a Portuguese Version of the Sports Motivation Scale-II (SMS-II-P) Showing Invariance for Gender and Sport TypePublication . Rodrigues, Filipe; Pelletier, L.; Rocchi, M.; Cid, Luis; Teixeira, D.; Monteiro, D.In the present cross-sectional study, we adapted and examined the validity of a Portuguese version of the Sport Motivation Scale II (SMS-II-P) within a sample of 1148 Portuguese athletes (women ¼ 546, men ¼ 602) with a mean age of 18.45 years (SD ¼ 5.36), participating in a variety of sports (i.e., football, basketball, swimming, and athletics). We conducted confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity analysis, and multigroup analysis across participants’ sport type (team and individual) and gender. We also examined the correlations between the SMS-II-P behavioral regulations and basic psychological needs satisfaction. The results supported that the SMS-II-P had good psychometric properties and was invariant across gender and sport type. The scale demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity, and the subscales achieved adequate internal consistency. Correlations between the six types of regulation measured in the SMS-II supported the distinction between autonomous and controlled behavioral regulations, and the correlations between these subscales and other measures of autonomy, competence, and relatedness satisfaction provided evidence of the self-determination continuum. Implications of this research for assessing Portuguese athletes and conducting future research are discussed.
- Adaptation and validation of the Portuguese version of Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale (BPNESp) to the sport domain and invariance across football and swimmingPublication . Monteiro, Diogo; Marinho, Daniel Almeida; MOUTÃO, JOÃO; Couto, Nuno; Antunes, Raúl; Cid, LuisThe purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the Basic Psychological Needs Exercise Scale (BPNESp) to the sport domain, and to measure model invariance across football and swimming. Athletes (n=1382; 623 football, 759 swimming) with an average age of 18.77±SD 7.04 years participated in this study. Results supported the suitability of both the first and second order models, showing that the model was well adjusted to the data. In addition, the model showed the discriminant and convergent validity and composite reliability of the factors, and was invariant between football and swimming (ΔCFI≤.01).
- Adesão e desistência de programas de treino personalizadoPublication . Klain, Ingi Petitemberte; Rombaldi, Airton José; Matos, Dihogo Gama de; Leitão, José; Cid, Luis; Moutão, JoãoEste estudo pretendeu analisar as determinantes (demográficas, indicadores/ perceção de saúde, socioeconómicas e motivacionais) da adesão e desistência de programas de treino personalizado. Fizeram parte da amostra de conveniência adultos de ambos os géneros, oriundos de academias da cidade de Pelotas-Brasil, que ofereciam programas de treinos personalizados, sendo100 praticantes e 42 desistentes. Foram medidas as variáveis género, idade, cor da pele, índice de massa corporal, tabagismo, autoperceção de saúde, situação conjugal e nível socioeconómico. Para avaliar a motivação, foi utilizado o Inventário de Motivação à Prática Regular de Atividade Física, constatando-se que a maioria dos praticantes e desistentes de treino personalizado foram mulheres jovens, de nível socioeconómico elevado. As dimensões consideradas como mais motivadoras para a prática do treino personalizado foram: “Controle de Estresse”, “Saúde”, “Estética” e “Prazer”. Por outro lado, os motivos mais prevalentes para desistência foram a “Falta de Tempo” e a “Falta de Motivação” para a prática.
- Affective responses to resistance exercise: toward a consensus on the timing of assessmentsPublication . Andrade, A.J.; Ekkekakis, P.; Evmenenko, A.; Monteiro, D.; Rodrigues, F.; Cid, Luis; Teixeira, D.S.Tailoring exercise prescriptions aimed at improving affective responses to resistance exercise may promote pleasurable experiences and thus exercise adherence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate different timing protocols for administering rating scales for the assessment of affective valence (Feeling Scale, FS) and perceived activation (Felt Arousal Scale, FAS) during resistance exercise. Thirty-three experienced male exercisers (M = 36.42 ± 7.72 years) completed the FS and FAS at different times at three percentages of one-repetition maximum (%1RM) during two exercises (bench press, squat). No differences emerged among different assessment time points and %1RM. These findings suggest that the post-exercise “affective rebound” phenomenon found in aerobic exercise may not be as pronounced in resistance exercise. Therefore, the results support the use of FS and FAS in resistance exercise, administered immediately after a set, over a wide range of %1RM and exercises. Mounting evidence suggests that the use of these scales in resistance exercise could allow researchers and practitioners to evaluate affective responses that may be important for adherence.
- Age and sex differences in physical activity of portuguese adults and older adultsPublication . Bento, Teresa; Mota, Maria P.; Vitorino, Anabela; Monteiro, Diogo; Cid, Luis; Couto, NunoThis study aims to explore data on objectively measured physical activity from a sample of adults and older adults and to investigate the achievement of the minimum physical activity required for health benefits. Participants, 257 women (age 58.99 ± 18.93 years, BMI 26.75 ± 4.57 kg·m−2 ) and 178 men (age 49.22 ± 20.39 years, BMI 26.81 ± 3.51 kg·m−2 ), wore an accelerometer for 4 to 7 days. Approximately 40% of the time was spent daily in sedentary behaviors during waking hours. Our results do not sustain the suggestion that adult men are more physically active than women. The results indicated a decrease in intensity of physical activity with age, in men and women, but not in successive age groups. Around 75% of adults and 30% of older adults accumulated the minimum daily physical activity for health benefits, in periods shorter than 10 min, above moderate intensity. The number of steps taken per day revealed that most men and women (except the oldest) attained or exceeded the lower threshold for deriving health benefits. To obtain relevant health benefits, future physical activity interventions should aim at reversing the amount of sedentary behaviors, emphasizing increments in, at least, the lower levels of PA, and maintaining walking habits.
- Análise comportamental da prática de exercício físico em adultos em contexto de ginásio ao longo de dois anosPublication . Rodrigues, Filipe; Macedo, Rita; Teixeira, Diogo; Cid, Luis; Monteiro, DiogoO objetivo deste estudo consistiu em analisar o comportamento dos praticantes de exercício físico ao longo de dois anos, considerando a sua frequência como preditor da frequência futura. Participaram neste estudo 4788 novos praticantes de exercício físico (feminino = 2556) com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e 75 anos. Os acessos aos ginásios e health clubs foi recolhida com recurso aos sistemas eletrónicos dos ginásios. Os dados foram analisados com o recurso a um modelo de equações estruturais e um modelo de mediação em série. Relativamente à taxa de abandono e posteriormente exclusão da análise: 39% abandonaram a prática de exercício físico entre os primeiros seis meses (T1) e os seis meses seguintes (T2); 25% desistiu da prática entre T2 e os seis meses após um ano de prática regular (T3); e 10% abandonaram entre T3 e os seis meses após um ano e meio de prática regular (T4). De acordo com os resultados do modelo de equações estruturais, foram encontrados diversos efeitos diretos e indiretos significativos, sugerindo assim que T2 e T3 poderão ser mediadores entre o T1 e T4. De acordo com os resultados do modelo de mediação é possível observar que o efeito direto não é significativo. Os resultados mostram a existência de mediação total entre o período T1 → T4, dado o efeito indireto total ser significativo e superior ao efeito direto. Os indivíduos que praticam exercício físico pelo menos duas vezes por semana sem interrupção foram aqueles que demonstraram maior probabilidades em se manterem na prática após os dois anos de acompanhamento do comportamento.
- Analysing the Effects of Different Types of Exercise on Dyspnoea and Fatigue in Adults through COPD-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomised Clinical TrialsPublication . Couto, Nuno; Cid, Luis; Alves, Susana; Brito, João; Pimenta, Nuno; Bento, TeresaBackground: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous lung condition, the main symptoms of which are dyspnoea and fatigue. Though exercise has been recommended for subjects with COPD, its benefits remain unclear. The aim of this study was to summarise, through a systematic review and meta-analysis, the available evidence on the effects of aerobic, resistance, stretching, and combined exercise on the main symptoms of COPD. Methods: Search was performed using the electronic databases PubMed and Web of Science. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with interventions based on aerobic, resistance and/or combined exercise published until July 2022 were identified. The effects were summarised based on standardised mean differences (95% confidence intervals) using random and fixed effect models. Results: Eight studies were selected, including a total of 375 subjects. The results obtained showed that resistance exercise, aerobic exercise and combined exercise seem to improve dyspnoea and fatigue symptoms in COPD subjects. Conclusions: In general, we can conclude that exercise-based interventions appear to improve the main COPD symptoms and may benefit quality of life in this population.
- Analysis of the Effect of Different Physical Exercise Protocols on Depression in Adults: systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled TrialsPublication . Correia, Érica M.; Monteiro, Diogo; Bento, Teresa; Rodrigues, Filipe; Cid, Luis; Vitorino, Anabela; Figueiredo, Nuno; Teixeira, Diogo S.; Couto, NunoContext: Physical exercise (PE) is an effective treatment for depression, alone or as an adjunct. Objective: There is a lack of indicators regarding the frequency, intensity, duration, and type of physical exercise (PE). This study aims to synthesize and analyze the dose-effect of different PE protocols in adult subjects in the treatment of depression, based on the analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data Sources: The search was conducted using Web of Science, PubMed, and Cochrane Library electronic databases. Study Selection: Studies with an exercise-based intervention published by December 31, 2021 were identified. RCTs and meta-analyses involving adults with depression were also included; 10 studies were selected, including a total of 956 subjects. Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Level of Evidence: Level 1. Results: Effect sizes were summarized using standardized mean differences (95% confidence interval) by effected randomized models. The results reinforce that exercise appears to be beneficial in improving depression among adults aged 18 to 65 years. Interventions lasting above 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity and group interventions seem to have a more significant effect on reducing depression. Studies have revealed that aerobic exercise, compared with resistance or flexibility, has a more positive effect on depression. Conclusion: PE can be a way to reduce depression and can be used as a possible adjunctive tool for pharmacological and/or alternative treatments. Considering the findings of this study, it is important that health professionals (eg, exercise physiologists, physicians, nurses, psychologists) promote the practice of PE as a complementary alternative and act early to prevent the worsening of depression.
- Aplicação de Modelos Teóricos Motivacionais ao Contexto do Exercício - Explorar a Integração das Teorias dos Objectivos de Realização e do Comportamento Autodeterminado e a sua Relação com a Adesão ao Exercício Físico em GinásiosPublication . Cid, LuisEstudo 1 Tradução e Validação da Versão Portuguesa da Goal Orientation in Exercise Measure (GOEMp). Análise Factorial Exploratória e Confirmatória ao Modelo de Medida dos Objectivos de Realização no Contexto do Exercício O objectivo principal do estudo é a apresentação dos resultados da tradução e validação da versão Portuguesa da Goal Orientation in Exercise Measure (GOEM), com recurso à análise factorial exploratória (AFE) e confirmatória (AFC), realizadas com dois grupos independentes de praticantes de exercício em ginásios, de ambos os géneros e com idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 55 anos (AFE: n=120; AFC: n=318). Os resultados obtidos na AFE revelam uma estrutura factorial igual à versão original (modelo de 10 itens), que explica 62.1% da variância dos resultados, com pesos factoriais entre 0.54 e 0.88, e uma boa consistência interna (αEgo=0.88; αTarefa=0.80). Os resultados obtidos na AFC indicam que o modelo se ajustou aos dados de forma bastante aceitável: S-Bχ²=65.9; df=34; p=0.001; S-Bχ²/df=1.94; SRMR=0.05; NNFI=0.96; CFI=0.97; RMSEA=0.05; 90% IC RMSEA=0.03-0.07, observando-se ainda uma consistência interna razoável (αEgo=0.84; αTarefa=0.77), e pesos factoriais estandardizados entre 0.45 e 0.86, o que nos leva a concluir que a versão Portuguesa da GOEM pode ser utilizada, com elevada confiança, na avaliação dos objectivos de realização no domínio do exercício. Estudo 2 Tradução e Validação da Versão Portuguesa da Adaptação para o Exercício do Perceived Motivational Climate Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQp). Análise Factorial Exploratória e Confirmatória ao Modelo de Medida da Percepção do Clima Motivacional no Contexto do Exercício O objectivo principal do estudo é a apresentação dos resultados da tradução e validação da versão Portuguesa da adaptação ao exercício do Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ), com recurso à análise factorial exploratória (AFE) e confirmatória (AFC), realizadas com dois grupos independentes de praticantes de exercício em ginásios, de ambos os géneros e com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e os 64 anos (AFE: n=122; AFC: n=358). Os resultados obtidos na AFE revelam uma estrutura factorial que explica 52% da variância dos resultados, com pesos factoriais entre 0.63 e 0.80, e uma boa consistência interna (αMestria=0.78; αPerformance=0.74). Os resultados obtidos na AFC indicam que o modelo se ajustou aos dados de forma excelente: S-Bχ²=40.6; df=34; p=0.20; S-Bχ²/df=1.19; SRMR=0.03; NNFI=0.98; CFI=0.99; RMSEA=0.02; 90% IC RMSEA=0.00-0.05, observando-se ainda uma consistência interna razoável (αMestria=0.74; αPerformance=0.75), e pesos factoriais estandardizados entre 0.50 e 0.79, o que nos leva a concluir que a versão Portuguesa da adaptação do PMCSQ ao exercício pode ser utilizada, com elevada confiança, na avaliação do clima motivacional no domínio do exercício. Estudo 3 Avaliação das Necessidades Psicológicas Básicas no Contexto do Exercício. Exploração de um Índice Global de Satisfação da Autonomia, Competência e Relação, a partir da Versão Portuguesa da Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNESp) O objectivo deste estudo é examinar as qualidades psicométicas da versão Portuguesa da Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNESp), bem como, a exploração de um modelo hierárquico que permita avaliar as necessidades psicológicas básicas na sua globalidade. Participaram no estudo 550 praticantes de exercício físico em ginásios, com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e 69 anos. Os resultados suportam a adequação do modelo de três factores e doze itens (S-Bχ²=134.7; df=51; p=0.000; χ²/df=2.64; SRMR=0.05; NNFI=0.93; CFI=0.94; RMSEA=0.06; 90% IC RMSEA=0.04-0.07), bem como, do modelo hierárquico com um factor de 2ª-ordem subjacente aos três factores de 1ª-ordem (SBχ ²=134.9; df=52; p=0.000; χ²/df=2.59; SRMR=0.05; NNFI=0.93; CFI=0.94; RMSEA=0.05; 90% IC RMSEA=0.04-0.07). Os resultados indicam ainda uma consistência interna razoável (Autonomia=0.68; Competência=0.68; Relação=0.81; Índice Global=0.82), o que nos leva a concluir que a versão Portuguesa do BPNES poderá ser utilizada com um elevado grau de confiança, na avaliação das necessidades psicológicas básicas no contexto do exercício.- Study 1 Translation and Validation of the Portuguese version of Goal Orientation in Exercise Measure (GOEMp). Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Measurement Model of Achievement Goals in Exercise Domain The main purpose of this study is to present the results of translation and validation of the Portuguese version of Goal Orientation in Exercise Measure (GOEM) through exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis, performed with two independent groups of participants, all exercisers in private fitness clubs, of both sexes, and aged between 15 and 55 years old (EFA: n=120; CFA: n=318). The EFA results reveal a factorial structure equal to original version (10-item model), explaining 62.1% of total variance, with item factor loadings ranged from 0.54 to 0.88, and reasonable reliability (αEgo=0.88; αTask=0.80). The AFC results are generally good and showed an adequate model fit to data: S-Bχ²=65.9; df=34; p=0.001; S-Bχ²/df=1.94; SRMR=0.05; NNFI=0.96; CFI=0.97; RMSEA=0.05; 90% CI RMSEA=0.03-0.07. The results also indicated an acceptable reliability (αEgo=0.84; αTask=0.77), and item factor loadings ranged from 0.45 to 0.86, which leads us to conclude that Portuguese version of GOEM can be used with high confidence to measure achievement goals in exercise domain.Study 2 Translation and Validation of the Portuguese version of Perceived Motivational Climate Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQp) adaptation to Exercise. Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis Measurement Model of Perceived Motivational Climate in Exercise Domain The main purpose of this study is to present the results of translation and validation of the Portuguese version of Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ) adaptation to exercise, through exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis, performed with two independent groups of participants, all exercisers in private fitness clubs, of both sexes, and aged between 14 and 64 years old (EFA: n=122; CFA: n=358). The EFA results reveal a factorial structure explaining 52% of total variance, with item factor loadings ranged from 0.63 to 0.80, and reasonable reliability (αMastery=0.78; αPerformance=0.74). The AFC results are generally good and showed an excellent model fit to data: S-Bχ²=40.6; df=34; p=0.20; S-Bχ²/df=1.19; SRMR=0.03; NNFI=0.98; CFI=0.99; RMSEA=0.02; 90% IC RMSEA=0.00-0.05. The results also indicated an acceptable reliability (αMastery=0.74; αPerformance=0.75), and item factor loadings ranged from 0.50 to 0.79, which leads us to conclude that Portuguese version of PMCSQ adaptation to exercise can be used with high confidence to measure motivational climate in exercise domain.Study 3 Basic Psychological Needs Assessment in Exercise Domain. Exploring an Global Satisfaction Index of Autonomy, Competence and Relatedness, from the Portuguese version of Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNESp) The main propose of this study is the psychometric properties examination of the Portuguese version of Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNESp). Besides that, an overall need satisfaction factor was postulated underpinned by the three psychological needs. These proposes were accomplished with a sample of 550 exercisers from private fitness centers, aged from 14 to 69 years. The results support the suitability of the three-factor and twelveitems model (S-Bχ²=134.7; df=51; p=0.000; χ²/df=2.64; SRMR=0.05; NNFI=0.93; CFI=0.94; RMSEA=0.06; 90% IC RMSEA=0.04-0.07), and also of the three first-order factors underpinning a second-order factor (S-Bχ²=134.9; df=52; p=0.000; χ²/df=2.59; SRMR=0.05; NNFI=0.93; CFI=0.94; RMSEA=0.05; 90% IC RMSEA=0.04-0.07). The results also indicated a reasonable reliability (Autonomy=0.68; Competence=0.68; Relatedness=0.81; Global Index=0.82). Those findings allow us to conclude, that Portuguese version of BPNES can be used to, with great confidence, to measure the basic psychological needs in exercise domain.Study 4 Behavioural Regulation Assessment in Exercise Domain: Exploring an Autonomous versus Controlled Motivation Index from the Portuguese version of Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-2) The main propose of this study is the psychometric properties examination of the Portuguese version of Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-2). Besides that, an overall factor to measure autonomous and controlled motivation was postulated underpinned by the different types of behavioral regulation. These proposes were accomplished with a sample of 550 exercisers from private fitness centers, aged from 14 to 69 years. The results support the suitability of the five-factor and eighteen-items model, that lead us to one item exclusion (S-Bχ²=221.7; df=125; p=0.000; χ²/df=1.77; SRMR=0.06; NNFI=0.90; CFI=0.92; RMSEA=0.04; 90% IC RMSEA=0.03-0.05). However, factor reliability showed some problems of internal consistency. In other hand, results of the hierarchical model underpinning two second-order factors, that comprise controlled motivation (external and introjected regulation) and autonomous motivation (identified and intrinsic regulation), showed acceptable fit to data (S-Bχ²=172.6; df=74; p=0.000; χ²/df=2.33; SRMR=0.07; NNFI=0.90; CFI=0.92; RMSEA=0.05; 90% IC RMSEA=0.04-0.06), and reasonable reliability (controlled motivation=0.75; autonomous motivation=0.76). Those findings allow us to conclude, that Portuguese version of BREQ-2 (excluded item 17) can be used to measure the controlled and autonomous motivation (by an composite of factors), in exercise domain.Study 5 Motivation and Adherence to Exercise in Fitness Centers. Test of Motivational Hierarchical Models that Integrates the Achievement Goal Theory and Self-Determination Theory The main propose of this study is to test two hierarchical motivational models of exercise adherence that integrates the Achievement Goal Theory and Self-Determination Theory. These proposes were accomplished with 218 exercisers from private fitness centers of both genders (102 female, 116 male), and aged between 15 and 60 years, that completed the Portuguese version of Goal Orientation Exercise Measure (GOEM), Perceived Motivational. Climate in Exercise Questionnaire (PMCEQ), Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale (BPNES), Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-2), and adherence to exercise was measure by the number of their visits to the fitness center over 6-month period before and after the psychological assessment. The structural equation modeling results showed: 1) task orientation positively predicted autonomous motivation, while ego orientation positively predicted amotivation. In turn, only the positive association between selfdetermined motivation and adherence to exercise was significant; 2) mastery-involving motivacional climate positively predicted the basic psychological needs. In turn, the satisfaction of these needs predicted autonomous motivation, which also positively predicted adherence to exercise. There were no significant associations between performance-involving motivacional climate, basic psychological needs, and less self-determined motivation; 3) only few amount of variation of adherence to exercise was explained by both motivacional models. However both models significant improve their predictive power over adherence to exercise when past behaviour was taken into account.