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- Effects of a physical activity and dietary education intervention in a population with type 2 diabetes mellitusPublication . Hopffer Romero, Félix LuísBackground: Type 2 Diabetes is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide at an alarming rate. Physical activity and adequate dietary patterns are cornerstones for the treatment and prevention of diabetes. Lifestyle intervention programs can be effective, but their application to the elderly needs further study. Methods: overall, 43 individuals with diagnosed type 2 diabetes were assigned to control (12 men, 12 women; age 68.9 ± 11.3, range 46- 84 years) or intervention (6 men 13 women; age 69.5 ± 8.9, range 52- 81 years) groups based on their own choice. The intervention group received a lifestyle program including physical activity classes and dietary counseling for a 9 month period. The control group received the usual care. Improvement in physical activity and dietary patterns was assessed as well as changes in biological (weight, body composition, blood pressure, lipid profile, HbA1c, glycemia), fitness (strength, aerobic endurance, flexibility, agility), psychological (profile of mood states) and economic variables (individual and state cost of medications). Results: participants in the intervention group tended to increase their overall physical activity (p=0.020) and to adopt better dietary patterns (p=0.050). However changes in lifestyle were mild: changes in overall physical activity outside the program were non-significant and no significant changes were found in the percentage of compliers with the dietary recommendations for the Portuguese population. Significant changes were found in lower limb strength (p=0.014), upper limb strength (p=0.001), aerobic endurance (p=0.001) and upper limb flexibility (p=0.040). Conversely no significant changes were found for body composition, blood pressure, lipid profile or glycemic control. The profile of mood states showed a significant decrease in the Fatigue-Inertia factor (p=0.002). The cost of medication increased substantially for the State (p=0.028) but not for individuals. Conclusions: The program achieved moderate success in relation to behaviour change, but not enough to have a significant impact on most clinical and biological variables. Fitness was improved and perceived fatigue reduced. Our results suggest that in order to be more effective, intervention should begin as early as possible, as its implementation among elderly subjects is difficult. This would lead to a larger response to the program and to a more intense physical activity intervention.Antecedentes: la diabetes tipo 2 es cada vez más frecuente en la población general. La actividad física adecuada y los hábitos alimentarios son las piedras angulares para el tratamiento de la diabetes y por lo tanto los programas de intervención de mejora del estilo de vida pueden ser de valor, pero el impacto de estos programas necesita más estudio. Métodos: 43 personas diagnosticadas con diabetes tipo 2 fueron asignadas a un grupo de control (12 hombres y 12 mujeres, 68,9 ± 11,3 rango 46-84 años) y otro grupo a una intervención (6 hombres y 13 mujeres, 69,5 ± 8,9 rango 52-81 años), en función de su voluntad. El grupo de intervención recibió un programa de estilo de vida incluyendo clases de actividad física y el asesoramiento dietético para un período de 9 meses. El grupo control recibió la atención habitual. Fueron evaluados los cambios en los hábitos de actividad física y alimentarios y sus consecuencias en las variables biológicas (peso, composición corporal, presión arterial, perfil lipídico, HbA1c y glucemia), de fitness (fuerza física, resistencia aeróbica, flexibilidad y agilidad), psicológicas (Profile of Mood States) y económicas (gastos individuales y los del Estado con los medicamentos). Resultados: Los participantes del grupo de intervención tienden a aumentar su actividad física en general (p = 0,020), y a adoptar mejores patrones en la dieta (p = 0,050). Sin embargo, los cambios en el estilo de vida fueron leves: el incremento de la actividad física general fuera del programa fue no significativo y los cambios en la conducta alimentaria no fueron suficientes para, de forma significativa, modificar el porcentaje de participantes que cumplían las recomendaciones dietéticas para la población portuguesa. Cambios significativos fueron encontrados en la fuerza de la extremidad inferior (p = 0,014), de las extremidades superiores (p = 0,001), la resistencia aeróbica (p = 0,001) y la flexibilidad de las extremidades superiores (p = 0,040). Por otra parte, no se encontraron cambios significativos en la composición corporal, presión arterial, perfil lipídico, o el control glucémico. El perfil de los estados de ánimo mostró una disminución significativa en el factor fatiga-inercia (p = 0,002). El coste de la medicación incrementó substancialmente para el Estado (p = 0,028) pero no para los individuos. Conclusiones: El programa obtuvo un éxito moderado en relación al cambio de comportamiento, pero no suficiente para obtener un impacto significativo en la mayoría de las variables clínicas y biológicas. El fitness mejoró y la fatiga percibida se redujo. Nuestros resultados sugieren que para ser más efectivos, la intervención debe comenzar tan pronto como sea posible, ya que su implementación en personas mayores resulta más complicada. Esto permitiría
- Comparison between olympic weightlifting llfts and derivatives for external load and fatigue monitoringPublication . Antunes, Joaquim Paulo; Oliveira, Rafael; Reis, Victor Machado; Hopffer Romero, Félix Luís; MOUTÃO, JOÃO; Brito, JoãoLoad management is an extremely important subject in fatigue control and adaptation processes in almost all sports. In Olympic Weightlifting (OW), two of the load variables are intensity and volume. However, it is not known if all exercises produce fatigue of the same magnitude. Thus, this study aimed to compare the fatigue prompted by the Clean and Jerk and the Snatch and their derivative exercises among male and female participants, respectively. We resorted to an experimental quantitative design in which fatigue was induced in adult individuals with weightlifting experience of at least two years through the execution of a set of 10 of the most used lifts and derivatives in OW (Snatch, Snatch Pull, Muscle Snatch, Power Snatch, and Back Squat; Clean and Jerk, Power Clean, Clean, High Hang Clean, and Hang Power Clean). Intensity and volume between exercises were equalized (four sets of three repetitions), after which one Snatch Pull test was performed where changes in velocity, range of motion, and mean power were assessed as fatigue measures. Nine women and twelve men participated in the study (age, 29.67 ± 5.74 years and 28.17 ± 5.06 years, respectively). The main results showed higher peak velocity values for the Snatch Pull test when compared with Power Snatch (p = 0.008; ES = 0.638), Snatch (p < 0.001; ES = 0.998), Snatch Pull (p < 0.001, ES = 0.906), and Back Squat (p < 0.001; ES = 0.906) while the differences between the Snatch Pull test and the derivatives of Clean and Jerk were almost nonexistent. It is concluded that there were differences in the induction of fatigue between most of the exercises analyzed and, therefore, coaches and athletes could improve the planning of training sessions by accounting for the fatigue induced by each lift.
- Effects of Backpack Load and Trekking Poles on Energy Expenditure During Field Track WalkingPublication . Brito, João; Garrido, Nuno Domingos; Hopffer Romero, Félix Luís; de Araújo Junior, Adenilson; Reis, VictorThis study evaluates the effects of the use of backpack load and trekking poles on feld track walking energy expenditure. Twenty male volunteer pole walkers (age: 22.70 ± 2.89 years; body mass: 77.90 ± 11.19 kg; height: 1.77 ± 0.06 m; percentage of body fat: 14.6 ± 6.0 %) walked at a self-selected pace on a pedestrian feld track over a period of more than six months. Each subject was examined at random based on four walking conditions: non-poles and non-load, with poles and non-load, nonpoles and with load, with poles and with load. Heart rate, oxygen uptake and energy expenditure were continuously recorded by a portable telemetric system. Non-load walking speed was lower during walking with poles when compared with no poles (p ≤ 0.05). Oxygen uptake, energy expenditure and heart rate varied signifcantly across different conditions. Our results suggest that the use of trekking poles does not influence energy expenditure when walking without an additional load, but it can have an effect during backpack load walking. Moreover, our results indicate that the use of trekking poles may not be helpful to lower the exertion perceived by the subjects when walking with an additional load.
- Uma abordagem ao impacto dos institutos politécnicos em Portugal 2017Publication . Alves, João; Bailoa, Sandra; Basto, Mário; Cadima, Rita; Correia, Florbela; Costa, Vânia; Cunha, Jorge; Daniel, Ana; Dominguinhos, Pedro; Esteves, Salete; Farinha, Luís; Fernandes, Joana; Figueiredo, António; Grilo, Luís; Jorge, Nuno; Lucas, Eugénio; Malva, Madalena; Maximiano, Catarina; Mendes, Susana; Moreira, Anabela; Moreira, Sandrina; Morgado, C.; Mourato, Joaquim; Natário, Manuela; Nunes, Sandra; Nunes, Sara; Oliveira, Pedro; Pedro, Fátima; Pedro, Cristina Pereira; Pereira, Raquel; Pinheiro, Fernanda; Hopffer Romero, Félix Luís; Santos, Carla; Serafim, Miguel; Simões, Joaquim; Vareiro, LaurentinaNeste relatório apresentam-se os resultados obtidos com um estudo conduzido por uma equipa envolvendo parceiros de diferentes instituições, com o objetivo de medir o impacto económico de um conjunto de Institutos Politécnicos, situados em diferentes regiões do país, com contextos socioeconómicos diversos e distinta capacidade de atração de estudantes.
- The Quality of Life of Former Portuguese Football PlayersPublication . Teixeira, Eduardo; Silva, Carlos; Romero, Félix; Costa, João Paulo; Vicente, António; Silva, Carlos; de Lima e Cunha Hopffer Romero, Félix Luís; Teixeira, Eduardo Filipe; Costa, João PauloBackground: The demands of playing professional football can have an impact on an individual’s quality of life (QoL), which may remain into retirement. Given limited evidence exists regarding the QoL in former football players, this study aimed to assess QoL among Portuguese former players according to career duration, career end period, competitive level, tactical-positional status, international status, academic qualifications, serious injuries in career, and current profes sional football connection. Methods: The study included 84 Portuguese former football players (48.8 ± 8.2 years old) who transitioned to retirement between 1988 and 2018. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to assess QoL perceptions, and the Portuguese version was validated. Results and Discussion: The former players have positive QoL indicators, both in general and across the four domains, namely in terms of the physical, psychological, and social relationship and environment. There were no statistically significant differences in QoL between the defined categories for career end period, competitive level, tactical-positional status, international status, and current professional football connection. Likewise, there was no significant correlation between QoL and career duration. In contrast, there were significant differences in general QoL (p < 0.023) and in the physical domain (p < 0.001) between former players with different academic qualifications. A significant correlation was found between the number of severe injuries sustained in a career and QoL in the physical domain (R = −0.300, p = 0.006). Conclusions: There are no concerning QoL results presented by former players. However, the number of severe injuries sustained during the career was associated with a lower QoL, while holding higher academic qualifications demonstrated higher general and physical QoL. Studies with larger samples should be conducted to confirm these trends.
- Severe Injuries of Former Portuguese Football Players: a Post-Career Burden?Publication . Teixeira, Eduardo; Silva, Carlos; Romero, Félix; Miguel, Mauro; Vicente, António; Teixeira, Eduardo Filipe; de Lima e Cunha Hopffer Romero, Félix Luís; da Conceição Miguel, Mauro; Pedro Andrade Vicente, António: Background/Objectives: Football players have a high injury risk due to the physical demands of their profession, which can negatively affect their quality of life (QoL) in the long term. The aim of this study is to characterize the severe injuries that former Portuguese football players suffered throughout their professional careers and investigate the resulting impacts on the physical domain of QoL after retirement. Methods: This study includes 84 former Portuguese football players (48.8 ± 8.2 years) who underwent reform between 1988 and 2018 and played in professional leagues (15.2 ± 3.2 years of career duration), namely, first division leagues (n = 43) and secondary division leagues (n = 41). Quantitative and qualitative interview data are used by a validated interview guide and from results of the physical domain obtained by the application of the World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-Bref). Results: Former players had 2.1 ± 1.5 severe injuries throughout their careers. The most common injuries involve the knee (47.5%) and foot/ankle (17.2%), with the anatomical area of the knee as the most likely to require surgical intervention (60%). The association between tactical-positional status and the incidence of severe injuries is significant, with defenders sustaining less severe injuries throughout their careers. This study found a statistically significant linear model (F(1.82) = 8.089, p < 0.006) that explains 7.9% of the variation in the physical domain of QoL (R2ajuste = 0.079). For each severe injury sustained throughout a career, there is an estimated decrease of 2.7 values in QoL perception in the physical domain. Conclusions: The higher the number of severe injuries sustained during a career, the lower the perception of QoL in the physical domain of former players in their post-career. These findings highlight the need to optimize training programs and injury prevention and recovery protocols for long-term QoL improvement in the physical domain of football players.
- The quality of life of former portuguese football playersPublication . Eduardo Teixeira; Carlos Silva; Félix Romero; João Paulo Costa; António Vicente; Teixeira, Eduardo Filipe; Silva, Carlos; de Lima e Cunha Hopffer Romero, Félix Luís; Costa, João PauloBackground: The demands of playing professional football can have an impact on an individual’s quality of life (QoL), which may remain into retirement. Given limited evidence exists regarding the QoL in former football players, this study aimed to assess QoL among Portuguese former players according to career duration, career end period, competitive level, tactical-positional status, international status, academic qualifications, serious injuries in career, and current professional football connection. Methods: The study included 84 Portuguese former football players (48.8 ± 8.2 years old) who transitioned to retirement between 1988 and 2018. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used to assess QoL perceptions, and the Portuguese version was validated. Results and Discussion: The former players have positive QoL indicators, both in general and across the four domains, namely in terms of the physical, psychological, and social relationship and environment. There were no statistically significant differences in QoL between the defined categories for career end period, competitive level, tactical-positional status, international status, and current professional football connection. Likewise, there was no significant correlation between QoL and career duration. In contrast, there were significant differences in general QoL (p < 0.023) and in the physical domain (p < 0.001) between former players with different academic qualifications. A significant correlation was found between the number of severe injuries sustained in a career and QoL in the physical domain (R = −0.300, p = 0.006). Conclusions: There are no concerning QoL results presented by former players. However, the number of severe injuries sustained during the career was associated with a lower QoL, while holding higher academic qualifications demonstrated higher general and physical QoL. Studies with larger samples should be conducted to confirm these trends.