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- Cognitive and Motivational Monitoring during Enriched Sport Activities in a Sample of Children Living in Europe. The Esa ProgramPublication . Alesi, Marianna; Silva, Carlos Manuel Marques; Borrego, Carla Chicau; Monteiro, Diogo; Genchi, Rosario; Polizzi, Valentina; Kirkar, Musa; Demetriou, Yolanda; Brame, Judith; Sahin, Fatma; Kizilyalli, Meltem; Gómez-López, Manuel; López Sánchez, Guillermo Felipe; Pajaujiene, Simona; Indriuniene, Vinga; Rada, Ante; Bianco, Antonino
- Disentangling the effects of ego and task-involving climate perceptions on cohesion in youth sportPublication . Borrego, Carla Chicau; Monteiro, Diogo; Benson, Alex J.; Miguel, Mauro; Teixeira, Eduardo; Silva, Carlos Manuel MarquesThe present study evaluated how the combination of ego- and task-involving climate perceptions related to youth soccer athletes’ perceptions of team cohesion. We hypothesized that athletes would perceive their group to be less cohesive as ego climate perceptions increased in salience relative to task climate perceptions. In addition, the factor structure and longitudinal measurement invariance of Youth Sport Environment Questionnaire (YSEQ)—Portuguese version was also analyzed. A total of 956 national level youth male soccer athletes’ belonging to 49 different teams participated in the study. Using a prospective design with two time points, the polynomial regression with a response surface analysis indicated that the effect of an ego-involving climate on task cohesion varied as a function of task-involving climate perceptions. Specifically, athletes reported lower levels of task cohesion as ego-involving climate perceptions began to predominate over task-involving climate perceptions. Furthermore, a strong taskinvolving climate buffered against the negative effects of ego-involving climate perceptions on task cohesion. Regarding social cohesion, we only observed a positive linear association between task-involving climate perceptions and social cohesion. Our findings support the validity and reliability of two factors underlying the YSEQ and its longitudinal invariance across time in an elite youth sample. Future studies should strive to replicate these results in other sports and with female athletes. Our results provide insight into how task-involving and ego-involving climate perceptions combine to shape how elite youth athletes view their group environment.
- Effects of school-based interventions on motivation towards physical activity in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysisPublication . Kelso, Anne; Linder, Stephanie; Reimers, Anne K.; Klug, Stefanie J.; Alesi, Marianna; Scifo, Lidia; Borrego, Carla Chicau; Monteiro, Diogo; Demetriou, YolandaIntroduction: Assuming that motivation is the key to initiate and sustain beneficial health behaviors, the aim of this systematic review was to analyze the effects of school-based physical activity interventions on a variety of motivational outcomes towards PA in school-aged children and adolescents. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was carried out in six electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental trials examining the effects of PA interventions implemented during the regular school day, e.g., during physical education lessons or lunch breaks. Primary outcomes of interest were students’ motivation, basic psychological needs, goal orientation, enjoyment, and motivational teaching climate in physical education. Meta-analyses were conducted for these outcomes using Comprehensive Meta-analysis software. Secondarily, intervention effects on students’ PA behaviors were examined and the findings summarized narratively. Methodological quality of studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias for randomized trials; certainty of evidence on outcome level was evaluated using the GRADE approach. Results: In total, 57 studies carried out between 2001 and 2018 were included in this review. Sixteen individual meta analyses were performed and revealed significant pooled effects for the outcomes enjoyment (g = 0.310), perceived autonomy (g = 0.152), identified regulation (g = 0.378), intrinsic motivation (g = 0.419), selfdetermination index (g = 0.672), task/mastery climate (g = 0.254), ego/performance climate (g = − 0.438), autonomy supportive climate (g = 0.262), task goal orientation (g = 1.370), ego goal orientation (g = − 0.188). The narrative data synthesis indicated an increase in students’ PA behavior. The overall risk of bias was high across all studies and certainty of evidence of meta-analyzed outcomes ranged from very low to moderate. Moderate certainty of evidence was found for ego/performance climate and ego goal orientation. Conclusions: Meta-analyses suggest that school-based PA interventions may be effective in increasing a variety of motivational outcomes. However, the certainty of evidence was limited in the majority of outcomes. Further research is needed to identify effective intervention strategies that increase students’ motivation towards PA
- Motivational Climate Sport Youth Scale: Measurement invariance across gender and five different sportsPublication . Monteiro, Diogo; Borrego, Carla Chicau; Silva, Carlos Manuel Marques; Moutão, João; Marinho, Daniel; Cid, LuisThe aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Motivational Climate Sport Youth Scale (MCSYSp) and invariance across gender and different sports (swimming, soccer, handball, basketball, futsal). A total of 4,569 athletes (3,053 males, 1,516 females) from soccer (1,098), swimming (1,049), basketball (1,754), futsal (340), and handball (328) participated in this study, with ages between 10 and 20 years (M = 15.13; SD = 1.95). The results show that the original model (two factors/12 items) did not adjust to the data in a satisfactory way; therefore, it was necessary to change the model by removing four items (two from each factor). Subsequently, the model adjusted to the data in a satisfactory way (χ² = 499.84; df = 19; χ²/df = 26.30; p < .001; SRMR = .037; TLI = .923; CFI = .948; RMSEA = .074; IC90% .069–.080) and was invariant by gender and team sports (soccer, handball, basketball, futsal) (∆CFI≤.01); however, it was not invariant between swimming and team sports (soccer, handball, basketball, futsal) (∆CFI ≥ .01). In conclusion, the MCSYSp (two factors/eight items) is a valid and reliable choice that is transversal not only to gender, but also to the different studied team sports to measure the perception of the motivational climate in athletes. Future studies can research more deeply the invariance analysis between individual sports to better understand the invariance of the model between individual and team sports.
- Desenvolvimento e validação de um questionário de avaliação da satisfação dos alunos com os docentes e a unidade curricular (SADUC)Publication . Cid, Luis; Vitorino, Anabela; Borrego, Carla Chicau; MOUTÃO, JOÃO; Bento, TeresaO objetivo principal deste trabalho foi a validação de um questionário de avaliação da Satisfação dos Alunos com o Docente e a Unidade Curricular, desenvolvido como alternativa de medida de um dos parâmetros da avaliação de desempenho docente, determinando as suas qualidades psicométricas iniciais, com recurso a uma análise fatorial exploratória e confirmatória. Participaram neste estudo, de forma anónima, 216 alunos dos cursos da ESDRM-IPS e o instrumento utilizado, desenvolvido especificamente para o efeito, é constituído por 3 fatores e 15 itens, aos quais se responde numa escala de Likert de 7 níveis. Os resultados principais revelaram qualidades psicométricas iniciais bastante promissoras, quer de validade do construto, quer de fiabilidade, embora a análise dos parâmetros individuais nos indique alguma redundância subjacente a determinados itens, o que nos sugere a hipótese de aglomeração dos mesmos. No entanto, podemos concluir que este questionário poderá ser utilizado com um elevado grau de confiança, na avaliação da satisfação dos alunos com os docentes e as unidades curriculares.- The main purpose of this study was to validate a questionnaire that evaluates students´ satisfaction with their teacher and with the curricular unit. This questionnaire was developed as an alternative measurement method of the teacher´s performance, determining his initial psychometric qualities, and using an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. 216 students of the ESDRM-IPS participated in this study, anonymously. The questionnaire, developed specifically for this purpose, included three factors and 15 items, where answers were given in a seven level Likert scale. The main results showed a very promising initial psychometric qualities, whether considering the construct validity or reliability scores, however the analysis of the individual parameters indicated some redundancy underlying certain items, which suggests the possibility of clustering. Nevertheless, we conclude that this questionnaire can be used with a high degree of confidence to measure students´ satisfaction with teachers and with the curricular units.
- Intervención directa mediante biofeedback, para cambiar las conductas de desanimo de un portero de fútbolPublication . Estrada Contreras, Omar; Silva, Carlos Manuel Marques; Borrego, Carla Chicau; Pérez Córdoba, Eugenio Antonio; Cantón Chirivella, EnriqueThe aim of this work is to describe an intervention which sought to modify the behavior of a goalkeeper in relation to the errors he committed, after receiving a goal, he became disheartened, and could not stop concentrating on the error committed. This attention paid to the error committed delayed a return to having adequate behavior in order to fulfil his function in the game. This intervention was carried out through biofeedback, techniques of emotional control and techniques to manage attention and concentration. Given that the intervention was carried out on an eighteen year old goalkeeper, at the request of the trainer, a study of a unique case was used. In accordance with the descriptive results, an improvement in attention and concentration was found as there was a proximity to 5 µv on beta waves and there was an increase in direct punctuation of concentration in the data of the Toulouse-Piéron test. An improvement in emotional control was also found through biofeedback, as there was an increase in the stimulating response to skin. Finally, a change in the goalkeeper’s conduct after the errors was registered, as there was a decrease in the discouraging conducts and an increase in the adequate conducts.
- Sport Intervention Programs (SIPs) to Improve Health and Social Inclusion in People with Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic ReviewPublication . Scifo, Lidia; Borrego, Carla Chicau; Monteiro, Diogo; Matosic, Doris; Feka, Kaltrina; Bianco, Bianco; Alesi, MariannaInactivity is a major issue that causes physical and psychological health problems, especially in people with intellectual disability (ID). This review discusses the beneficial effects of sport intervention programs (SIPs) in people with ID, and aims to provide an overview of the scientific literature in order to identify the main factors influencing the participation of people with ID in SIPs. Twelve papers were analyzed and compared. The results show a large variety in examined SIPs, concerning participants’ age and disability, intervention characteristics and context, as well as measures and findings. The main factors essential for people with ID partaking in SIPs appeared to be suitable places for the SIP development, adequate implementation of physical activity (PA) programs in school and extra-school contexts, education, and the training of teachers and instructors. The literature review highlights the relevance of using SIPs in order to improve physical and psychological health, as well as increase social inclusion in populations with ID. SIPs should be included in multifactor intervention programs. Nevertheless, the need is recognized for stakeholders to adopt specific practice and policy in promoting social inclusion in order to organize intervention strategies which are able to provide quality experiences in sport and physical activity for people with ID.
- Conceptual framework for the research on quality of lifePublication . Rodrigues, José; Borrego, Carla Chicau; Lúcia da Mata Silvério Ruivo, Paula; Sobreiro, Pedro; Catela, David; Amendoeira, José; Matos, RuiThe article presents the reference framework for multidisciplinary research at the Life Quality Research Centre (LQRC). The research paradigm about the citizens’ quality of life in society imposes a multifaceted and complex analysis. At the LQRC we address this as thematically divided into six scientific areas: education and training; physical activity and healthy lifestyles; food production and technology on food behaviors; organizational dynamics; motor behavior; and individual and community health. These areas are clearly related to the concept of quality of life. They fit the goals and dynamics of the research center. In each section, the authors develop the themes of research projects and the challenges that characterize research in the area of quality of life. It is clear that there is an agreement and understanding that ensures that quality of life research is on the agenda of the world organizations related to scientific research and human development. This is a real challenge for scientific research centers, since multidisciplinary paradigms are the foundation of our collective organization, and the evolution of research on quality of life could fulfil current needs and lead to the improvement of citizen lives.
- Auto-determinação e percepção de sucesso no futebol - comparação entre formação e rendimentoPublication . Ferreira, Dora; Borrego, Carla Chicau
- Validation and adaptation of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) in fitness group exercisersPublication . Teques, Pedro; Calmeiro, Luis; Silva, Carlos Manuel Marques; Borrego, Carla ChicauBackground: Recently, Mullen et al. (2011) presented an 8-item version of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) that provides a valid instrument for assessing enjoyment in physical activity. The present paper investigated the psychometric properties of a Portuguese adaptation of PACES. Methods: After a process of back-to-back translation into Portuguese, 395 members of fitness centers who ranged in age from 18 to 66 years (31.11 ± 8.90, mean ± SD) completed the translated version of the PACES. On average, participants had 3.2 years of experience in fitness group classes and practiced for approximately 3.3 times per week. Results: An initial exploratory factor analysis (n = 139) revealed a unidimensional structure with factor loadings ranging from 0.79 to 0.89. Results also showed acceptable internal consistency. A confirmatory factor analysis in an independent sample (n = 256) provided additional support for the unidimensional structure of the questionnaire. In addition, moderate positive correlations between enjoyment and intrinsic and identified regulation, and moderate negative correlations between enjoyment and external and amotivation, demonstrate the convergent validity of the instrument. Finally, measurement invariance between 2 independent samples was also found. Conclusion: The 8-item Portuguese version of PACES is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring enjoyment of physical activity in Portuguese adult fitness exercisers, and it is therefore suitable to use as a measure of affect in exercise adherence interventions studies.