Artigos em revistas internacionais - ESDRM
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- The loading impact of training and match-play on non-contact muscle injuries in elite male soccer players. A seasonal analysisPublication . Morgans, Ryland; Mandorino, Mauro; Zmijewski, Piotr; Ryan, Ben; Modric, Toni; Teixeira, José; Moreira, Alexandre; Oliveira, RafaelThis study investigated the relationship between acute and chronic training load metrics and non-contact muscle injuries in elite soccer players employing a novel statistical approach. A retrospective analysis was conducted during the 2020/21 season on 30 senior outfield players from an English Premier League club. Global Positioning System (GPS) technology monitored total distance, high-speed running (HSR) distance (5.5–7 m/s), sprint distance (> 7 m/s), and peak speed during training sessions and matches. A total of 42 injuries were documented, with an incidence of 8.94 injuries per 1000 hours, although only 12 non-contact muscle injuries were included in the analysis that occurred at 2.5 per 1000 hours of exposure. Acute (7-day) and chronic (28-day) training loads were examined, and data preprocessing addressed missing values and multicollinearity. To address class imbalance, the dataset was balanced using the Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SMOTE) prior to logistic regression. Four significant predictors were retained: acute HSR (β = -0.175, p < 0.001), acute sprint distance (β = -0.613, p < 0.001), acute peak speed (β = 1.101, p < 0.001), and chronic total distance (β = 2.234, p < 0.001). The model demonstrated excellent discriminative ability with an AUC-ROC of 0.80. The results showed that higher acute volumes of HSR and sprint distance serve as protective factors against non-contact muscle injuries, whereas an increase in acute peak speed and chronic total distance significantly elevates injury risk. These findings underscore the importance of regular exposure to HSR to enhance injury resilience, while excessive load and peak speed may contribute to neuromuscular fatigue and overload.
- Long-term effects on rate of torque development and fear of falling following high-speed resistance training in older adultsPublication . Martins, Alexandre Duarte; Fernandes, Orlando; Gonçalves, Bruno; Batalha, Nuno; Brito, João Paulo; Oliveira, RafaelThis study examined the influence of physical activity (PA) on the retention of rate of torque development (RTD) effects achieved following a 16-week high-speed resistance training (HSRT) over a 12-month follow-up period. Secondly, the fear of falling was also assessed. After the follow-up, 36 participants were categorized into two groups according to the PA: light activity group (LAG, N = 20, age 70.00 ± 3.66 years) and moderate-to-vigorous activity group (MVAG, N = 16, age 68.50 ± 2.09 years). At the four time points, RTDPEAK and its time intervals for knee extension and flexion were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer at 60º/s, and the fear of falling was assessed using the Falls Efficacy Scale–International questionnaire. Both groups showed significant RTDPEAK improvements from pre intervention to the 12-month follow-up (moderate-to-large effect sizes). However, PA levels suggested to influence the retention effects: LAG showed declines in dominant RTDPEAK (2% in extension and flexion) and in non-dominant side (6% extension and 5% flexion). In contrast, the MVAG maintained or slightly improved RTDPEAK performance in dominant (1% extension and 2% flexion) and in non dominant side (3% extension and 1% flexion). Fear of falling scores remained significantly reduced in both groups compared to pre-intervention, regardless of PA level. In summary, maintaining moderate to-vigorous PA during follow-up appears to enhance the long-term retention of HSRT-induced neuromuscular adaptations, whereas HSRT effects on fear of falling were sustained regardless of PA level, highlighting its clinical potential for fall prevention.
- Editorial: Load and wellness monitoring in sports: the relationship between different metricsPublication . Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João Paulo; González-Fernández, Francisco Tomás; Morgans, RylandEditorial on the Research Topic Load and wellness monitoring in sports: the relationship between different metrics
- Load monitoring and Its Relationship with Healthcare in SportsPublication . Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João PauloLoad monitoring consists of training/match demand quantification as well as wellness and readiness to maximize the likelihood of optimal athletic performance [1]. The literature divides load into two dimensions: internal and external. Internal load is associated with psychophysiological demands that can be objectively and subjectively measured (e.g., heart rate and rating of perceived exertion, respectively) [2,3]. External load is associated with mechanical/locomotor demands, usually collected by global positioning systems, global navigation satellite systems, local positioning systems, and inertial measurement units that belong to micro-electro-mechanical systems (which provide a combination of 3D accelerometers, 3D gyroscopes, and 3D magnetometers). Despite different technologies, they provide external load measures, such as distances covered at various running speeds, accelerations, decelerations, player load, and others
- Updating exercise testing strategies and exercise prescription protocolsPublication . Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João PauloThe current special issue provided and constitutes relevant information for fitness professional and exercise physiologists. At the same time, it showed meaningful findings about the online exercise testing procedures (see contributors 15 and 17). In addition, it was observed that there are still several research that uses only one type of exercise, despite the general guidelines of the ACSM recommend more that one type [1]. Furthermore, there is a recommendation for future research include behavior change theories in exercise intervention as suggested by the protocol of the contributor 2. Finally, the present special issue also reinforces more research on specific populations, with different ways to control intensity, more specialized tests, while including training periodization practices as well as behavior changes.
- Active and sham transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) plus core stability on the knee kinematic and performance of the lower limb of the soccer players with dynamic knee valgus; two armed randomized clinical trialPublication . Samakosh, H.M.N; Maktoubian, M.; Doost, S.P.R.; Oliveira, Rafael; Badicu, G.; Al-Mhanna, S.B.; Hassanzadeh, M.; Amadekhiar, P.; Vaskasi, R.R.; Oliveira, RafaelDynamic knee valgus (DKV) is a prevalent risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in soccer players, particularly during noncontact mechanisms. Transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) and core stability exercises have shown promise in enhancing motor control and biomechanical alignment, but their combined effects on DKV remain unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of active versus sham tDCS combined with core stability exercises on knee kinematic alignment and lower limb performance in young male soccer players with DKV. In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, 42 male soccer players (aged 18–25 years) with DKV were randomly assigned to either an active tDCS group (n = 21) or a sham tDCS group (n = 21). Both groups underwent 8 weeks of core stability exercises (3 sessions/week, 30 minutes/session) preceded by 15 minutes of active (2 mA) or sham tDCS targeting the primary motor cortex (M1). The primary outcome was the frontal plane projection angle (FPPA) during a single-leg landing task, measured using 2D video analysis. Secondary outcomes included vertical jump height and 8-hop test time. Outcomes were assessed at baseline and post-intervention. A 2 × 2 mixed-model ANOVA with Bonferroni-corrected post hoc tests was used for statistical analysis via SPSS27. The active tDCS group showed significantly greater improvements in FPPA (+5.65% vs. +2.26%, p < 0.001, 𝜂p² = 0.82), vertical jump height (+25.30% vs. +10.45%, p < 0.001, 𝜂p² = 0.75), and 8-hop test time (−21.05% vs. −14.27%, p < 0.001, � �p² = 0.68) compared to the sham group. Both groups improved from baseline, but the active tDCS group exhibited larger effect sizes across all outcomes. Active tDCS combined with core stability exercises significantly enhanced knee kinematic alignment and lower limb performance in soccer players with DKV compared to sham tDCS. These findings suggest that neuromodulation, when paired with targeted exercise, is a promising strategy for injury prevention and performance enhancement in athletes. Further research is needed to explore long-term effects and applicability to diverse populations.
- Correlating diurnal variations in peak athleticism with buccalgene expression in youth football playersPublication . Thomas, A.; Wheeler, J.; Bishop, R.; Prato, M.F.G.; Karakuş, O.; Cain, E.; Kana-Ah, A.; Nisbet, D.; Morgans, Ryland; Oliveira, RafaelHourly variations in athletic performance are a well-documentedphysiological phenomenon in individual and team sports includingfootball. Measuring the timing of maximal performance couldpotentially improve performance. Evidence suggests that buccalgene expression correlates with athletic performance, yet this hasnot been studied in sport-specific participants. Therefore, the studyaimed to (A) examine the expression of Per2 and Bmal1 genes in 45youth football players and correlate with countermovement jump(CMJ) performance; (B) investigate the fluctuations in Per2 andBmal1 expression levels and CMJ performance at various timepointsduring a regular training day. CMJ metrics (Reactive Strength Index-Modified, Force at Peak Power, Eccentric Duration, and Peak Power)and gene expression levels were measured in 45 youth footballplayers at 08:30 and 17:30. Exercise timing made a significant dif-ference in each measured performance metric at the individual andsquad level. Thirty-four participants displayed increases in RSI-mod(p < 0.001) over the morning measurements. This contributed to an8% increase in overall squad performance (p = 0.0009), which sig-nificantly correlated to buccal gene expression (R2 = 0.94). Profilingplayer buccal gene expression could inform the timing of trainingand rehabilitation protocols to coincide with maximal athletic per-formance in football, other team sports, and individual sports.
- Treinador-Adjunto e analista na 1ª Divisão Nacional Sub-15. A influência do número e posicionamento das balizas em jogos reduzidos condicionadosPublication . Freitas, Rafael Lanceiro Bernardes; Miguel, MauroO presente relatório descreve o estágio realizado no âmbito do Mestrado em Treino Desportivo – Especialização em Futebol, desenvolvido na Associação Académica de Santarém. A prática dividiu-se entre a função de treinador-adjunto e analista da equipa Sub-15 (1ª Divisão Nacional de Iniciados) e a de treinador principal da equipa Sub-9 (Traquinas). O estágio teve como objetivos principais aplicar conhecimentos teórico-práticos, desenvolver competências técnico-profissionais e realizar investigação científica. A componente prática do estágio permitiu a integração plena na dinâmica dos treinos e competições, com responsabilidades que incluíram o planeamento, operacionalização e análise do treino, elaboração de relatórios de jogo, observação de adversários e aplicação de princípios de treino ajustados aos diferentes escalões etários. Paralelamente, foi conduzido um estudo centrado na influência do número e do posicionamento das balizas em Jogos Reduzidos Condicionados (JRC), com o objetivo de perceber de que forma esses elementos condicionam as ações técnico-táticas dos jogadores, havendo também resultados comparativos entre dois grupos distintos (mais e menos utilizados). Os resultados revelaram que menos balizas potenciam maior número de dribles, enquanto mais balizas favorecem maior frequência de passes progressivos. Verificou-se também uma superioridade quantitativa do grupo 1 em relação ao grupo 2, na maioria das várias tipologias de passe. Conclui-se que a manipulação das balizas influencia o comportamento técnico-tático dos jogadores, destacando a importância do design dos JRC na formação desportiva. O relatório aborda ainda os principais desafios, aprendizagens e reflexões do percurso desenvolvido ao longo da época.
- Comparison of external load during differing microcycle structures across two competitive seasons in elite female portuguese soccer playersPublication . Espada, Mário C.; Santos, Fernando J.; Nalha, Matilde; Zmijewski, Piotr; Morgans, Ryland; Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João Paulo; FERNANDES, RENATOThis study aimed to: (i) compare the accumulated load between three and four training sessions per week plus a match across two consecutive seasons in elite female soccer players, and (ii) compare the training/match ratio (TMr) of external load. Data from 10 players in each season were analysed during the study period. The microcycle structure of the first season included three training sessions (3dW) and a match per week, while the second season included four training sessions (4dW) plus a match per week. The following measures were used for analysis: duration, total distance, high-speed running distance (HSR,>15 km/h), number of accelerations (ACC,>1–2 m.s−2 [ACC1];>2–3 m.s−2 [ACC2];>3 4 m.s−2 [ACC3];>4m.s−2 [ACC4]) and decelerations (DEC,<1–2m.s−2 [DEC1]; <2–3 m.s−2 [DEC2];< 3–4 m.s−2 [DEC3];< 4m.s−2 [DEC4]). The accumulated load was calculated by summing key metrics for all training sessions and matches, while TMr was calculated by dividing the accumulated load by match data. The main results showed that all variables showed meaningful differences (p<0.05) except for ACC4 and DEC4. Specifically, total distance was higher in 3dW than 4dW (p=0.007), while the remaining variables were higher during 4dW. Moreover, all TMr were higher in 4dW than 3dW (p<0.001 for all variables except for ACC4 and DEC4). As expected, this study showed that adding one training session per week increased accumulated load and TMr for several key variables.
- The professional careers of former portuguese football players: a sociodemographic and professional approachPublication . António Vicente; Teixeira, Eduardo Filipe; de Lima e Cunha Hopffer Romero, Félix Luís; da Conceição Miguel, Mauro; Silva, Carlos; FerreiraIntroduction: The study is aimed to identify sociodemographic and professional characteristics related to the careers of former Portuguese football players. Methodology: The sample consisted of 84 Portuguese former players (48.8 ± 8.2 years old) with at least 8 years of professional experience, who finished their careers between 1988 and 2018. Quantitative data was collected from a validated semi-structure interview guide. Results and Discussion: Former Portuguese players had a career of 15.2 ± 3.1 years with more 6.4 ± 2.2 years of youth federated formation. Significant statistical differences were seen between former players with different competitive levels (t(71)=3.843; p=0.001) and international status (t(82)=-2.740; p=0.008). During their careers, 36% accomplish academic formation and 61.9% pursued technical education. Academic habilitation was statistically significant relationships with competitive level (χ2(1)=9.655; ρ=0.002) and international status (χ2(1)=6.930; ρ=0.008), unlike what happened with technical qualification (p>0.05). The majority of former players marry (83.3%) and have children during the career (82.2%). The divorce rate is 15%. Residential mobility is high (8.1 ± 5.55 years). The professional incomes were considered high or very high and 16.7% of former players developed addictions during their career. Conclusion: Former players with higher competitive levels and international status tend to have longer careers. Conversely, they tend to invest less in academic formation. The results reveals that the football career is brief and presents stress and risk factors, mainly at higher competitive levels. The findings contribute to a better understanding and discussion of the professional careers of former Portuguese football players.