Artigos em revistas internacionais - ESDRM
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- “Strength and power are no longer optional”: Contemporary strength and conditioning practice in an English Premier League first teamPublication . Kweon, Daeeun; Morgans, Ryland; Thomas, O.; Oliver, John; Oliveira, Rafael; Ryan, Ben; Radnor, John; Morgans, RylandPurpose: Strength and Conditioning (S&C) coaches play a central role in optimising performance and mitigating injury risk in elite football. Despite this key responsibility, limited research has examined the practical application of S&C within the daily realities of top-tier professional environments. This study explored applied S&C practices within a first-team department of an English Premier League (EPL) football club to generate context-specific insights relevant to practitioners and researchers. Methods: A qualitative research design was employed using semi-structured interviews with five first-team performance and medical staff members. Interviews explored S&C training philosophy and delivery, testing and monitoring approaches, and operational and contextual constraints. All interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Three overarching themes were identified: (1) Player profiling, (2) Injury prevention, and (3) Challenges in programme S&C delivery. Individualised S&C programming was primarily informed by player profiling and the positional demands. Strength and power were monitored regularly during the season, whereas comprehensive speed profiling was not consistently conducted during the season. Injury prevention strategies were systematic and individualised, integrating screening processes, targeted exercise selection, and load management. Enhancing player education and modifying exercises were key to improving player compliance, but staffing limitations and time pressures restricted the extent of individualised S&C. Conclusion: This study provides novel insights into the applied realities of S&C practice within an EPL first-team environment. While practitioners adopted evidence-informed approaches, practical constraints necessitated ongoing compromise and flexibility. These findings highlight the importance of adaptable, context driven decision-making and demonstrate the value of qualitative inquiry for capturing the complexity of elite football performance settings.
- Effects of a 16-Week High-Speed Resistance Training Program on Isokinetic Muscle Strength Parameters and Health-Related Quality of Life in Independent Older Adults: A Clinical TrialPublication . Duarte Martins, Alexandre; Fernandes, Orlando; Brito, João Paulo; Gonçalves, Bruno; Oliveira, Rafael; Batalha, Nunohis study investigated the effects of a 16-week high-speed resistance training (HSRT) program on isokinetic muscle strength parameters and, secondarily, on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Seventy-nine independent older adults were assigned to an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG). The IG completed supervised HSRT three times per week, while the CG received no intervention. Each session lasted 60–70 minutes and included 5–6 exercises of 2–3 sets at maximal concentric speed and a controlled eccentric phase (≈2–3 seconds). Isokinetic muscle strength was assessed pre- and post-intervention using isokinetic testing of knee extensors (KE) and flexors (KF) at 60º/s and 180º/s on dominant (DS) and non-dominant sides (NDS). The HRQOL was measured using the SF-36 questionnaire. The IG demonstrated significant improvements in peak torque for KE-DS. The present HSRT protocol effectively improves isokinetic muscle parameters and HRQOL measures in older adults.
- Didactic proposal for teaching first aid in physical education: A playful and competency-based approach in secondary and upper secondary educationPublication . Pérez-Pérez, Carlos M.; Oliveira, Rafael; Fernandes, Renato; Rodríguez-García, LorenaIntroduction: First aid training within Physical Education provides an opportunity to develop essential competencies related to safety, prevention, and emergency response in school settings. The Organic Law 3/2020 (LOMLOE), which regulates the Spanish national education system, together with the Andalusian regional regulations, includes risk management as part of the subject’s learning standards and assessment criteria. This proposal presents a progressive didactic model for teaching first aid in Lower and Upper Secondary Education. Method: A didactic proposal was designed based on active methodologies and practical experiences, incorporating playful activities, simulations, workshops, and cooperative dynamics. The learning sequence was structured progressively, adjusting task complexity according to each educational level and integrating the required curricular learning standards. Evaluation followed a formative approach through rubrics, checklists, self-assess ments, and learning portfolios. Results: The proposal supports the acquisition of key competencies such as the PAS protocol (Protect, Alert, Aid), basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), the use of automated external defibrillators (AED), and intervention in common school emergencies. It also promotes transversal skills such as decision-making, effective communication, teamwork, and critical reflection on safety during motor practice. These elements contribute to meaningful learning and facilitate the transfer of knowledge to real-life situations. Conclusions: The implementation of this proposal helps foster a culture based on prevention and mutual care. Furthermore, it provides students with transferable skills applicable to everyday life and future professional contexts related to health, physical activity, and community intervention. This approach reinforces the role of Physical Education as a promoter of life skills.
- Short Report: Babywalkers Use and Age of Autonomous Sitting and Walking in Portuguese InfantsPublication . Catela, David; Lagoiro, Carolina; Gonçalves, Carolina; Passadinhas, Filipa; Ribeiro, Isabela; Seabra, Ana PaulaBabywalkers are wheeled seats for infants, that support their weight, and allows them to move around, pushing the floor with their feet or feet’s toes. The purpose of the present study was to verify if Portuguese infants that used babywalker gained or not temporal advantage compared to infants who did not use any instrument for learning to walk. Data was obtained through a structured questionnaire for parents, with closed questions. Results revealed that babywalkers use does not afford advantages in the acquisition of independent walk. The absence of association between seat and walk autonomously in babywalker users that also used other walk-helper (e.g., harness belt), reinforces the hypothesis that the use of these equipment’s may disrupt normal process of transition between seat and walk in infants. Considering the sample of the present study, a great percentage of Portuguese parents still presume that the use of babywalkers or similar equipment’s are necessary for independent walking acquisition. Babywalkers should be discouraged as an instrument for independent walk learning, and be replaced by functional stimulation, like stepping reflex systematic practice.
- Evaluation of internal load intensity in under-11 soccer players: presence and absence of feedback in small-sided games. A case studyPublication . Oliveira, Rafael; Fernandes, Renato; Pereira, Eva; Brito, Luisa; Figueiredo, Marta; Brito, João PauloThe objectives were to compare small-sided games with different numbers of players (3 vs 3; 4 vs 4; 5 vs 5) with and without feedback. The participants were 12 male athletes in the under-11 category. HR monitors were used to measure HR, and the modified Borg scale (CR-10) was used to quantify their rating of perceived exertion (RPE). The RPE was also multiplied by exercise duration to generate s-RPE. All games were played twice, once with and once without feedback. In games with feedback, the greater the number of players, the higher the HR. The greater the number of athletes, the higher the RPE and s-RPE values, regardless of whether feedback is present. In 3 vs 3, HR was higher with feedback (p = .028); in 5 vs 5, RPE and s-RPE were higher with feedback than without (p = .026 for both). In conclusion, the results indicated a relationship between the number of athletes, the presence of feedback and variables such as HR, RPE and s-RPE. In games with feedback, the more athletes, the higher the HR. Furthermore, the greater number of athletes has been observed to increase RPE and s-RPE, regardless of feedback.
- Are there optimal strength training methods for soccer players? A narrative review of methodological and practical implications.Publication . Pillitteri, G.; Clemente, F.M.; Moran, J.; Oliveira, Rafael; Silva, R.; Sarmento, H.; Puleo, G.; Bongiovanni, T.; Petrucci, M.; Rodríguez, A.; Battaglia, G.; Bianco, A.Strength training is essential for enhancing performance and preventing injuries in soccer. This narrative review explores the complexities of strength training for soccer players, structured around three key areas: (i) the classification and definition of different strength expressions, (ii) the role of the force–velocity continuum in soccer-specific power development, and (iii) the tailored strength methodologies required across different phases of the season. The aim is to clarify how distinct strength qualities align with the physical and performance demands of soccer. The review synthesizes current evidence on the effects of different strength training strategies on key athletic outcomes, highlighting the relevance of explosive methods during the in-season and the foundational role of traditional strength training during the off-season. By integrating theoretical concepts with applied perspectives, the review proposes a conceptual framework that provides evidence-informed recommendations to support practitioners in designing safe, effective, and context-specific training programs for soccer players across developmental stages and competitive schedules. Future research should focus on improving the methodological quality and consistency of intervention studies, clarifying dose–response relationships, and examining the transfer of specific strength qualities to match-related performance outcomes across different age groups and competition levels
- Variations of training workload parameters between player positions in under-17 elite European soccer team: a full-seasonPublication . Duarte Martins, Alexandre; Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João Paulo; Loureiro, Nuno; Querido, Sérgio; Nobari, HadiThe purpose of this study was to analyse variations in rating of perceived exertion (RPE), session-RPE, training duration, training monotony, training strain, and acute chronic workload ratio (ACWR) between mesocycles and within microcycles during the in-season 2017–18, across player positions in young soccer players. Seventeen young soccer players were evaluated over 50 weeks. The field positions of the players consisted of four central defenders, three wide defenders, four central midfielders, three wide midfielders, and three strikers. There were significant differences between player positions in mesocycle 6 for central defenders vs strikers (p= .047; ES = 4.02 [1.51, 7.96]) on duration of training sessions. The ACWR ratio remained similar throughout the season, between the optimum workload (.8–1.3). In microcycle analysis, match day minus 3 was the day of the week with the highest values for all variables. The findings of the present study showed no difference between positions, but lower values were found after and before the match, while higher values were found in the middle of the microcycle.
- Editorial: Optimizing athletic recovery: the effects of recovery strategies and sleep on sports performancePublication . Silva, Rui; González-Fernández, Francisco Tomás; Oliveira, Rafael; Aquino, RodrigoIn contemporary sport, recovery has emerged as a central component of the training and competitive process. It is no longer regarded simply as the time that follows exercise or competition, but rather as a complex and multidimensional process that supportsphysiological restoration, psychological readiness, adaptation to training, and the preservation of performance over time. As the physical and mental demands placed on athletes continue to increase, the capacity to recover effectively between sessions and competitions has become a matter of considerable importance for coaches, practitioners, and researchers alike. Growing interest in sleep, well-being, and recovery related interventions reflects a broader recognition that successful performance depends not only on the quality of training but also on the quality of restoration that follows it.
- Effect of different resistance training programs on phase angle in young adults: a scoping reviewPublication . Vasconcelos, Tiago; Alves, Ana Sofia; Duarte Martins, Alexandre; Puda, Dominik; Oliveira, RafaelThis scoping review explored the effect of different strength training programs on Phase Angle, a marker of cellular health, in healthy young adults. A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus, until April 2025, following the PRISMA framework (PICOS) for longitudinal controlled trials with healthy adults (18–35 years) undergoing strength training (dynamic/isometric) for at least 4 weeks. Of 8722 records, four studies were included, revealing variable immediate effects of strength training on Phase Angle (increases, decreases, and no significant changes). The synthesised evidence suggests, however, that strength training protocols with higher training volumes and intensities may be associated with more favourable long-term changes in Phase Angle. It is concluded that, although strength training with higher volume and intensity may be beneficial, the immediate effects on Phase Angle are variable. Modalities such as low-load blood flow restriction training or low-frequency isometric training may not improve, or may even decrease, Phase Angle in the short term. Given the scarcity and heterogeneity of studies, this review is exploratory, and further research is needed to optimise Phase Angle through strength training in young adults.
- The role of physical activity levels in retaining high-speed resistance training effects on body composition: a 1-year follow-up in older adults.Publication . Duarte Martins, Alexandre; Batalha, Nuno; Fernandes, Orlando; Oliveira, Rafael; Gonçalves, Bruno; Brito, João PauloPurpose This study evaluated the influence of physical activity (PA) on the retention of body composition effects achieved through a 16-week high-speed resistance training (HSRT) program over a 1-year follow-up period. Methods Forty independent older adults participated in the supervised 16-week HSRT program. After the intervention ended, participants were encouraged to maintain high PA levels. At the 1-year follow-up, 36 participants completed the assessments and were divided into the light activity group (LAG, N = 20, age 70.00 ± 3.66 years) and the moderate-to-vigorous activity group (MVAG, N = 16, age 68.50 ± 2.09 years). Body composition ( InBody® S10), PA levels (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), and anthropometric measurements were assessed at four time points. Results Significant time effects were observed for several body composition parameters over the 1-year follow-up period, with large effect sizes. Specifically, MVAG revealed significant declines in weight (p = 0.002, dunb = −0.22), body mass index (p = 0.002, dunb = −0.30), and fat mass (%) (p = 0.028, dunb = −0.30) from post-intervention to the 1-year follow-up. Conversely, LAG demonstrated significant reductions in fat-free mass (p = 0.018, dunb = −0.14), muscle mass (p = 0.010, dunb = −0.15), and lean mass (p = 0.014, dunb = −0.14) from pre-intervention to the 6-month follow-up (p < 0.001, dunb = −0.18), with body cell mass also presenting significant declines from post-intervention to the 1-year follow-up (p = 0.035, dunb = −0.13). Despite an overall decline, PA remained relatively higher than pre-intervention, particularly for total weekly activity (minutes) and energy expenditure from moderate-to-vigorous PA. Conclusions This study highlights the benefits of engaging in at least moderate PA activities for retaining the effects achieved on a previous exercise program, particularly reductions in fat mass.