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The role of physical activity levels in retaining high-speed resistance training effects on body composition: a 1-year follow-up in older adults.
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Purpose This study evaluated the influence of physical activity (PA) on the retention of body composition effects achieved through a 16-week high-speed resistance training (HSRT) program over a 1-year follow-up period.
Methods Forty independent older adults participated in the supervised 16-week HSRT program. After the intervention ended, participants were encouraged to maintain high PA levels. At the 1-year follow-up, 36 participants completed the assessments and were divided into the light activity group (LAG, N = 20, age 70.00 ± 3.66 years) and the moderate-to-vigorous activity group (MVAG, N = 16, age 68.50 ± 2.09 years). Body composition ( InBody® S10), PA levels (International Physical Activity
Questionnaire), and anthropometric measurements were assessed at four time points.
Results Significant time effects were observed for several body composition parameters over the 1-year follow-up period, with large effect sizes. Specifically, MVAG revealed significant declines in weight (p = 0.002, dunb = −0.22), body mass index (p = 0.002, dunb = −0.30), and fat mass (%) (p = 0.028, dunb = −0.30) from post-intervention to the 1-year follow-up. Conversely, LAG demonstrated significant reductions in fat-free mass (p = 0.018, dunb = −0.14), muscle mass (p = 0.010, dunb = −0.15), and lean mass (p = 0.014, dunb = −0.14) from pre-intervention to the 6-month follow-up (p < 0.001, dunb = −0.18), with body cell mass also presenting significant declines from post-intervention to the 1-year follow-up (p = 0.035, dunb = −0.13). Despite an overall decline, PA remained relatively higher than pre-intervention, particularly for total weekly activity (minutes) and energy expenditure from moderate-to-vigorous PA.
Conclusions This study highlights the benefits of engaging in at least moderate PA activities for retaining the effects achieved on a previous exercise program, particularly reductions in fat mass.
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Palavras-chave
aging muscle adiposity healthy lifestyle exercise
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Duarte Martins, A., Batalha, N., Fernandes, O. Oliveira, R., Gonçalves, B., Brito, J.P. (2026). The role of physical activity levels in retaining high-speed resistance training effects on body composition: a 1-year follow-up in older adults. Sport Sci Health 22, 135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-026-01715-8