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- Internal training and match load quantification of one-match week schedules in female first league Portugal soccer teamPublication . Fernandes, R.; Oliveira, Rafael; Martins, Alexandre; Brito, JoãoTraining load (TL) quantification allow coaches to a better load management during training sessions to be in the best physical fitness to the next match. The aim of this study was to compare session rated of perceived exertion (sRPE) and Hooper Index (HI) between training and match days from the same women’s Portuguese League team. Sixteen players with a mean±SD age, height and weight of 24.0±2.9 years, 164±4.1 cm and 58.5±8.2 kg, respectively, participated in this study. The participants completed ≥80% of the training sessions during 2019/20 in-season. Data was collected through the s-RPE and the HI that measured sleep quality, fatigue, stress, and muscle soreness (DOMS). Data was analysed in relation to the number of days away from the competitive one-match week (i.e., match day minus, MD-) with three training sessions a week (MD-5; MD-4; MD-2). The study analysed data from a total of 12 matches and 45 training sessions with repeated measures ANOVA, p≤0.05. Results showed differences between MD- 5 (85.2±0.3min) vs MD-4 (87.2±0.4min) vs MD-2 (80.6±0.6min) vs MD (62.8±4.9min), all p<0.05; s-RPE showed higher values on MD-5 (503.8±19.0au) vs MD-4 (473.2±14.8au) vs MD-2 (362.1±12.1au) vs MD (468.2±40.5au); HI showed higher values on MD-5 (13.4±0.5au) vs MD-4 (13.4±0.4au) vs MD-2 (12.7±0.5au) vs MD (11.9±0.4au); DOMS revealed difference between MD-4 vs MD-2 (3.1±0.2 vs 2.7±0.2au), p<0.05. It was shown that there is a higher TL on MD-5 and MD-4 compared with MD-2. Results from HI showed that sleep, fatigue, stress and DOMS was well fair controlled by coaches and staff.
- In-season body composition effects in professional women soccer playersPublication . Oliveira, Rafael; Francisco, Ruben; Fernandes, R.; Martins, Alexandre; Nobari, Hadi; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Brito, JoãoThis study aimed to analyze anthropometric and body composition effects in professional soccer women players across the early and mid-competitive 2019/20 season. Seventeen players (age, height, body mass, and body mass index of 22.7 ± 6.3 years, 167.5 ± 5.6 cm, 60.7 ± 6.6 kg and 21.6 ± 0.2 kg/m2) from a Portuguese BPI League team participated in this study. The participants completed ≥80% of 57 training sessions and 13 matches. They were assessed at three points (before the start of the season (A1), after two months (A2), and after four months (A3)) using the following variables: body fat mass (BFM), soft lean mass (SLM), fat-free mass (FFM), intracellular water (ICW), extracellular water (ECW), total body water (TBW), and phase angle (PhA, 50 Khz), through InBody S10. Nutritional intake was determined through a questionnaire. Repeated measures ANCOVA and effect sizes (ES) were used with p < 0.05. The main results occurred between A1 and A2 for BFM (−21.7%, ES = 1.58), SLM (3.7%, ES = 1.24), FFM (4%, ES = 1.34), ICW (4.2%, ES = 1.41), TBW (3.7%, ES = 1.04). Furthermore, there were significant results between A1 and A3 for FFM (4.8%, ES = 1.51), ICW (5%, ES = 1.68), and PhA (10.4%, ES = 6.64). The results showed that the water parameters improved over time, which led to healthy hydration statuses. The training load structure provided sufficient stimulus for appropriate physical fitness development, without causing negative disturbances in the water compartments.
- Desempenho anaeróbio em jovens praticantes federados de futebolPublication . Rodrigues Ferreira, Mário André; Noite, João; Fernandes, R.; Fernando, Catarina; Brito, António VencesUm bom desempenho anaeróbio é essencial para o sucesso desportivo no futebol. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar as diferenças entre o desempenho anaeróbio de jovens praticantes federados de futebol (n=10) e de jovens não praticantes federados em nenhuma modalidade desportiva (n=9). Os participantes realizam o teste anaeróbio Wingate, com uma resistência de 75g/kg (7,5% do peso corporal), tendo sido utilizado o cicloergómetro Monark 894E. As variáveis estudadas foram a potência anaeróbia máxima, a potência anaeróbia média e a perda de potência anaeróbia, sendo apresentada em termos absolutos (W) e em termos relativos (W/kg). Para comparação dos grupos em análise utilizámos a técnica estatística t de Student (bicaudal), com o programa SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) versão 17.0, adotando um nível de significância de p <0,05. Os resultados obtidos revelaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas na potência anaeróbia máxima relativa (9,83 vs. 8,59 W/kg; p =,011) e na potência anaeróbia média relativa (6,99 vs. 5,92 W/kg; p =,021), onde os jovens praticantes federados de futebol obtiveram um desempenho superior. Concluímos que os jovens praticantes federados de futebol apresentam uma maior capacidade para produzir potência anaeróbia máxima e para manter essa potência ao longo dos 30 segundos, provavelmente devido à prática desportiva.- A great anaerobic performance is essential for the sporting success in football. The aim of the study was to analyze the differences in anaerobic performance between young soccer players (n=10) and young non-practicing any sport (n=9). Participants performed the Wingate anaerobic test, with a resistance of 75g/kg (7.5% of body weight), and the ergometer used was the Monark 894E. The variables studied were the peak anaerobic power, average anaerobic power and anaerobic power drop, and it is presented in absolute terms (W) and relative to body weight (W/kg). To compare the groups, the Student’s t test (two-tailed) was used with the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 17.0, adopting a significance level of p <0.05. The results showed statistically significant differences in relative peak anaerobic power (9.83 vs. 8.59 W/kg, p =.011) and relative mean anaerobic power (6.99 vs. 5.92 W/kg, p =.021), where young football players presented superior performance. We conclude that the young football players have a higher capacity to produce maximum anaerobic power and to maintain that power over the 30 seconds, probably due to sport practice.
- Metabolic specialization in pre-pubertal young footballersPublication . Mendes, João; Fernandes, R.; Ferreira, Rodrigues; Correia, José; Brito, António VencesAvaliou-se as respostas fisiológicas de vinte e duas crianças pré-pubescentes em testes de potência aeróbia (PA) e potência anaeróbia (PAN). Onze sujeitos futebolistas federados (T) e onze sujeitos sem prática desportiva formal (NT). O grupo T tinha 11,3 ± 0,5 anos de idade (Idd) tendo o NT apresentado uma Idd de 10,9 ± 0,3 anos. Utilizando o protocolo de Balke modificado com análise directa de gases (Cosmed K4b2, Rome) avaliou-se o consumo de oxigénio absoluto e relativo (VO2Abs e VO2Rel), a ventilação (VE) e a frequência cardíaca (FCB). Enquanto que, num teste anaeróbio (protocolo Wingate - WAnT), avaliou-se o pico de potência absoluto e relativo (PPabs e PPrel), o pico de potência médio absoluto e relativo (APabs e APrel), o índice de fadiga (%DP) e a frequência cardíaca (FCWant). Analisaram-se os resultados (PASW 18.0). Verificou-se diferenças significativas entre os grupos nas variáveis de FCB ;d͗ ϭϵϯ͕ϳ ц ϳ͕ϭϭ ďͻŵŝŶ-1; NT: FCB͗ ϭϬϰ͕ϱ ц ϱ͕ϵϳ ďͻŵŝŶ-1), de PP (T: 333,2 ± 39,0 watts; NT: 288,6 ± 59,4 watts) e AP (T: 210,5 ± 22,1 watts; NT: 183,5 ± 31,8 watts). Concluiu-se assim que, para a amostra analisada, não se verifica a existência de especialização metabólica.- This study compares the physiological response in aerobic and anaerobic potency tests in order to evaluate if there is metabolic specialization in pre pubertal children. Eleven subjects trained (age: 11.3 ± 0.5 years old) in football (T) whereas the other eleven (age: 10.9 ± 0.3 years old) without any formal sports training (NT). Both groups were matched for Tanner Maturity Test stage I. Using the modified Balke protocol with direct gas analysis and treadmill, the absolute and relative uptakes of oxygen (VO2Abs e VO2Rel), the Ventilation (VE) and heart rate (HRB) were evaluated. Using the Wingate protocol for anaerobic parameters (WAnT) and a cycle ergometer, the relative and absolute peak power ( PPAbs e PPRel) were calculated, as well as the average absolute and relative power (APPAbs e APPRel), the drop power (%DP) and the heart rate (HRW). There were significant differences (PASW 18.0) between the groups in the HRB (T: ϭϵϯ͘ϳ ц ϳ͘ϭϭ ď ͻ ŵŝŶ-1; NT: HRB͗ ϭϬϰ͘ϱ ц ϱ͘ϵϳ ď ͻ ŵŝŶ-1), PPAbs (T: 333.2 ± 39.0 W; NT: 288.6 ± 59.4 W), and APAbs (T: 210.5 ± 22.1 W; NT: 183.5 ± 31.8 W) variables. Therefore, it was concluded that there wasn’t metabolic specialization in the sample analyzed.
- In-season internal load and wellness variations in professional women soccer players: comparisons between playing positions and statusPublication . Fernandes, R.; Brito, João; Vieira, Luiz H. Palucci; Martins, Alexandre; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Nobari, Hadi; Reis, Victor Machado; Oliveira, RafaelThe internal intensity monitoring in soccer has been used more in recent years in men’s football; however, in women’s soccer, the existing literature is still scarce. The aims of this study were threefold: (a) to describe the weekly variations of training monotony, training strain and acute: chronic workload ratio through session Rated Perceived Exertion (s-RPE); (b) to describe weekly variations of Hooper Index [stress, fatigue, Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) and sleep]; and (c) to compare those variations between playing positions and player status. Nineteen players (24.1 ± 2.7 years) from a Portuguese BPI League professional team participated in this study. All variables were collected in a 10-week in-season period with three training sessions and one match per week during the 2019/20 season. Considering the overall team, the results showed that there were some associations between Hooper Index categories and s-RPE like stress or fatigue (0.693, p < 0.01), stress or DOMS (0.593, p < 0.01), stress or s-RPE (−0.516, p < 0.05) and fatigue or DOMS (0.688, p < 0.01). There were no differences between all parameters in playing positions or player status. In conclusion, the study revealed that higher levels of fatigue and DOMS occur concurrently with better nights of sleep. Moreover, any in-season variations concerning internal load and perceived wellness seems independent of position or status in outfield players. The data also showed that the higher the players’ reported stress, the lower the observed s-RPE, thus possibly indicating a mutual interference of experienced stress levels on the assimilation of training intensity by elite women soccer players.
- Aptidão funcional, equilíbrio e ocorrência de quedas em idososPublication . Brito, João; Bicho, Isabel; Ramos, Liliana; Ricardo, Nuno; Fernandes, R.Objetivo – A presente investigação estuda a relação entre a aptidão física funcional, e a ocorrência de quedas em idosos nos últimos 12 meses, tendo em conta a idade, o índice de massa corporal e a actividade física. Metodologia - Participaram 86 indivíduos (ƃ n=69, idade, x r dp, 76,6 ± 7,87 anos; Ƃ n=61, idade,x r dp, idade, 78 ± 9,26 anos). Foram realizadas avaliações antropométricas, da aptidão física funcional (bateria de testes de Rikli e Jones, 1999) e o equilíbrio (bateria de testes da Escala de Equilíbrio Avançado de Fullerton de Rose e Lucchese, 2003). Resultados - que a actividade física tem impacto na melhoria da aptidão física funcional e na redução do IMC. Os idosos que praticam actividade física, apresentam valores mais elevados de equilíbrio, o que reduz a probabilidade de ocorrência de quedas. No grupo de idosos sedentários verificou-se uma associação inversa entre o número de quedas e o score alcançado na bateria de testes de equilíbrio. Quanto maior é o valor de score menor é o número de quedas. Uma melhor capacidade funcional relaciona-se com uma menor ocorrência de quedas. Conclusões - A atividade física parece ter efeito na redução do número de quedas do IMC, na melhoria da aptidão física funcional e no equilibrio. - Purpose - This research studies the relationship between functional fitness and the occurrence of falls in the elderly in the past 12 months, taking into account age, body mass index and physical activity. Methodology - 86 subjects participated ( n = 69, age,x r SD, 76.6 ± 7.87 years; n = 61, age, x r SD ,78 ± 9.26 years). Anthropometric data were collected, functional fitness (test battery of Rikli and Jones, 1999) and balance (test battery Balance Scale Advanced Fullerton Rose and Lucchese, 2003). Results - In the group of elderly sedentary there was an inverse association between the number of falls and the score achieved in the battery of balance tests. The higher the score value the lower the number of falls. An improved functional capacity associated with a lower incidence of falls. Elderly people who practice physical activity, show higher values of balance, which reduces the likelihood of falls. Physical activity seems to have an impact on improving functional fitness and reducing BMI. Conclusions - Physical activity appears to be effective in reducing the number of falls BMI, improving functional fitness and balance.
- Fisiologia do exercício – Fichas de Prática LaboratorialPublication . Brito, João; Fernandes, R.; Ramos, Liliana; Ricardo, Nuno; Francisco, Rúben; Oliveira, RafaelO presente manual de Fisiologia do Exercício: Fichas de Prática Laboratorial é uma fonte de informação e conhecimento constituída para apoiar os alunos e professores nas suas práticas laboratoriais relacionadas com a área da fisiologia do exercício. Os conteúdos do manual constituem-se como um suporte teórico-prático no qual se alicerça o conhecimento e, consequentemente, as competências do saber-fazer e do fazer. Para tal, o manual aborda os conteúdos da Fisiologia do Exercício nas suas múltiplas funções mecânicas, físicas e metabólicas. As fichas práticas permitem o estudo dos processos adaptativos relacionados com a atividade física na execução de tarefas motoras em diferentes situações de exercício. Os conteúdos das fichas são lecionados a uma escala aplicada aos efeitos do exercício físico no organismo humano, a partir do conceito de adaptação. Pretende-se com isso desenvolver no aluno um conhecimento integrado da fisiologia humana em diferentes contextos de exercício. Pretende-se também que os alunos compreendam a resposta adaptativa como forma de aumentarem o seu nível de desempenho e de eficácia na atividade desportiva.
- Comparison of external load during differing microcycle structures across two competitive seasons in elite female portuguese soccer playersPublication . Espada, Mário C.; Santos, Fernando J.; Nalha, Matilde; Zmijewski, Piotr; Morgans, Ryland; Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João Paulo; FERNANDES, RENATOThis study aimed to: (i) compare the accumulated load between three and four training sessions per week plus a match across two consecutive seasons in elite female soccer players, and (ii) compare the training/match ratio (TMr) of external load. Data from 10 players in each season were analysed during the study period. The microcycle structure of the first season included three training sessions (3dW) and a match per week, while the second season included four training sessions (4dW) plus a match per week. The following measures were used for analysis: duration, total distance, high-speed running distance (HSR,>15 km/h), number of accelerations (ACC,>1–2 m.s−2 [ACC1];>2–3 m.s−2 [ACC2];>3 4 m.s−2 [ACC3];>4m.s−2 [ACC4]) and decelerations (DEC,<1–2m.s−2 [DEC1]; <2–3 m.s−2 [DEC2];< 3–4 m.s−2 [DEC3];< 4m.s−2 [DEC4]). The accumulated load was calculated by summing key metrics for all training sessions and matches, while TMr was calculated by dividing the accumulated load by match data. The main results showed that all variables showed meaningful differences (p<0.05) except for ACC4 and DEC4. Specifically, total distance was higher in 3dW than 4dW (p=0.007), while the remaining variables were higher during 4dW. Moreover, all TMr were higher in 4dW than 3dW (p<0.001 for all variables except for ACC4 and DEC4). As expected, this study showed that adding one training session per week increased accumulated load and TMr for several key variables.