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- Neuromuscular and motor patterns in breaststroke techniquePublication . Conceição, Ana; Silva, António; Barbosa, Tiago; Campaniço, Jorge; Louro, HugoAbstract – Te aim of this study was to analyze the inter-temporal neuromuscular and motor patterns in breaststroke technique. Five national level male swimmers performed 200 m breaststroke at maximal effort. Electromyography data onbiceps brachii, deltoid anterior, pectoralis major and triceps brachiiwere analysed. Te relative duration of active and non-active phase and the average rectifed value for the neuromuscular patterns were recorded. Te swim bouts were videotaped in sagittal plane with a pair of cameras and the Teme software 5.0 was used toanalyse the detected patterns in each swimmer. Te neuromuscular pattern revealed that by the average rectifed value the biceps brachiiand triceps brachiiwere increased at the end of the test for swimmers 1 and 5, while biceps brachii, deltoid anteriorand pectoralis majorwere increased for swimmers 2 and 4. Different motor patterns between cycles, and between swimmers were observed.We found similarities between the swimmers, adjusting their style to the technical model. Te absence of a neuromuscular pattern for all swimmers could be related to different technical models used by each swimmer, as presented in the motor patterns. Tese fndings suggested that each swimmers adapted their own motor and neuromuscular pattern in a unique and distinct way
- A pedalada em ciclismo: estudo das diferenças cinemáticas entre a análise digital de imagem 2d e 3dPublication . Milheiro, Vitor; Louro, Hugo; Conceição, Ana; Branco, Marco A. C.; Brito, JoãoO objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as diferenças cinemáticas entre a análise digital 2D e 3D em movimentos do ciclismo que ocorrem maioritariamente no plano sagital. Participaram no estudo 8 indivíduos do sexo masculino, praticantes de ciclismo recreativo, com uma idade de 23± 3 anos, uma altura de 1,70m± 0,05 e um peso de 70kg± 5kg. Os atletas pedalaram numa bicicleta assente em rolos e utilizaram 2 posições de guiador. Foram utilizadas 3 camaras e colocados marcadores reflexivos na bicicleta e no atleta. Os resultados obtidos não evidenciaram diferenças significativas entre os métodos 2D e 3D nas variáveis estudadas, o que nos permite sugerir que em futuras investigações similares possam ser adotados procedimentos de análise 2D, minimizando assim a complexidade dos recursos utilizados e a quantidade de dados a analisar.
- A systematic review for stand-up paddle: a review in stand-up paddlePublication . Freitas, João; Conceição, Ana; Louro, Hugo; Forte, Pedro; Marinho, Daniel A.; Neiva, Henrique P.The goal is to investigate how the length and height of passes impact a team's performance in national championships. A predictive model will be developed to analyse the success of different pass characteristics, including short, medium, and long length and ground, low, and high height. The model will be based on the points earned and will determine which combination of pass characteristics is most effective. Objective Therefore, this systematic review aims to identify and synthesize the external and internal parameters commonly used to evaluate SUP performance under different test conditions. Methods The search was conducted in multiple scientific databases (Google Scholar, MEDLINE/(PubMed), Science Direct, and Web of Science) and was completed on January 31, 2022, using the following keywords: “stand up paddle,” “stand up paddling”, and “stand up paddle boarding.” Results Twenty-one articles were selected, involving a total of 238 subjects at both the competitive and recreational levels. SUP athletes have increased muscle mass, decreased body fat percentage, and used more efficient paddling techniques, highlighting the importance of equipment evaluation in improving athletic performance. Conclusion More research is needed to improve the performance and expand the culture of SUP. The integration of specific technologies can help to understand better the variables that affect performance outcomes.
- The effects of 12 weeks in-water training in stroke kinematics, dry-land power, and swimming sprints performance in master swimmersPublication . Pereira, Ana; Pessôa-Filho, Dalton M.; Reis, Joana F.; Ferreira, Cátia C.; Louro, Hugo; Conceição, Ana; Santos, Fernando J.; Espada, Mário C.Background: Master swimming is becoming increasingly popular, but research related to the training process and its effect on this population is scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks in-water training in stroke kinematics, dry-land power, and swimming sprints performance in master swimmers, and the relationships between these variables in this sports population. Methods: 15 healthy and physically active male master swimmers (age 32.3 ± 5.1 years, height 1.81 ± 0.04 m, body mass 77.0 ± 6.5 kg, training experience of 11 ± 4 years and average swimming training volume ~2.5 km/day, 3 times a week) participated in the study. Previously and after the intervention program, entirely water-based, swimmers were tested in a dry-land environment to assess their upper and lower body limbs (UL and LL) strength through power measurements, namely countermovement jumps (CMJ), seated 3 kg medicine ball throwing (MBT) and maximal isometric strength with handgrip (HG). In-water 50 m maximal front crawl swimming test was also completed. Swimming performance at 15, 25, and 50 m (T15, T25, and T50) was determined, and the associated stroke kinematics. During the intervention program period, swimming training comprised three sessions per week (7.5 ± 0.9 km per microcycle), with low to high-intensity aerobic and anaerobic swimming series and technical drills. Results: T25 significantly decreased after 12 weeks of training (18.82 ± 2.92 vs. 18.60 ± 2.87 sec, p = 0.02), the same was observed in the case of T50 (40.36 ± 7.54 vs. 38.32 ± 6.41 sec, p = 0.00). Changes in stroke rate (SR), stroke length (SL) and stroke index (SI) in swimming performance at 15 m were not observed, contrarily to 25 and 50 m, where SL and SI significantly increased. MBT and HG improved, but not CMJ, and improvements in T15, T25 and T50 were mostly related to kinematic proficiency improvement. Conclusions: 12 weeks of in-water training in master swimmers significantly enhance performance time in 25 and 50 m front crawl swimming. SL and SI are also improved and are the variables that most influence T15, T25 and T50 when compared to SR and dry-land power variables. Centering the training process not only in in-water tasks in master swimmers seem to be of relevant interest since age influences stroke kinematic and power variables.