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- The systematization of surf initiation teaching: a methodology proposalPublication . Teotónio, Telmo; Mercê, Cristiana; Brígida, Nancy; Catela, David; Branco, Marco A. C.The International Surfing Association (ISA) defines surfing as all wave riding activities on any type of waves and all flat water activities using wave riding equipment. As there are several wave riding sports, this work addresses the teaching methodology of those sports in which we paddle and move in the sea lying down on our surfboard and surf the waves standing up, as happens in shortboarding or longboarding. As a relatively recent sport, surfing still lacks a consensual teaching methodology, motivated above all by the reduced amount of existing research that supports the systematization of the approach to techniques and that supports all coaches’ decisions during the teaching process. Following this line of reasoning, this study proposes a systematization of a progressive organization to the approach to surfing initiation. The methodology of this work involved the identification of all the techniques to be mastered until the end of the beginner level and their organization into different teaching phases, each phase characterized by different objectives, adaptations, and techniques. Three major phases have been identified: Adaptation Phase, White Waves Phase, and Green Waves Phase. These phases are further divided into sub-phases that in some cases are repeated but in different environments. Its operationalization begins with the first phase of differentiated adaptation to the environment and equipment, passing through the pedagogical approach of surfing in flat surface (white waters) and ending with the transition to the outside and the complexity of the unbroken waves. With this proposal, we intend to present the methodology of organization of the contents that best adapts to the majority of practitioners. Knowing that each coach has his way of working, this work presents a model that is flexible and seeks to emphasize the discussion and deeper investigation of the various tasks inherent to the practice of surfing.
- Propiciação de autocabeceamento em praticantes e não praticantes de futebol rapazes de 4 e 5 anos de idade: estudo exploratórioPublication . Pereira, Miguel; Teixeira, Gonçalo; Figueiredo, Maria; Coelho, Rodolfo; Catela, David; Brígida, Nancy; Serrão-Arrais, Ana; Mercê, CristianaIntrodução: A incidência e a gravidade das lesões na cabeça no futebol infantil podem ser reduzidas diminuindo a massa da bola. O cabeceamento é uma habilidade motora identitária e importante no Futebol. Precisamos de conciliar a segurança de um corpo ainda em formação com a necessidade de propiciar a aquisição desta habilidade. Considerando o modelo dos constrangimentos colocamos a hipótese de que utilizando o balão podemos controlar o impacto na cabeça e pescoço e, simultaneamente, propiciar a exploração do autocabeceamento. Objetivos: Investigar se: i) crianças de 4 e 5 anos conseguem realizar autocabeceamentos repetidos com o balão, ii) as crianças de escolinhas de futebol (EF) revelam uma prestaçãode autocabeceamento diferenciada em relação às de jardim de infância sem experiência em futebol (JI). Métodos: Foi pedido a 23 rapazes (13 EF, M=4,57±0,51 anos) que executassem o máximo de autocabeceamentos seguidos em 3 ensaios, sem restrições de tempo ou tentativas, até conseguirem fazer pelo menos 1 cabeceamento. Foi recolhido por ensaio o número de tentativas, autocabeceamentos e tempo e foi ainda calculado o tempo por cabeceamento. Resultados e Discussão: Não existem diferenças na prestação entre 4 e 5 anos dentro do mesmo grupo. No grupo JI as correlações com as variáveis dependentes são quase inexistentes, o que indica que estas crianças estarão num período de exploração e aquisição do autocabeceamento. Contrariamente, no grupo EF as crianças fazem mais cabeceamentos e gastam menos tempos por cabeceamento (significativo no 2.º ensaio), sendo as correlações consistentes entre os ensaios. As crianças das EF distinguem-se aproveitando melhor a affordance de cabeceamento, possivelmente pela experiência no contexto de futebol, ou pelo facto de este contexto propiciar a interação com bola. Conclusões: O balão propicia affordance de autocabeceamento independentemente da idade e do contexto, com impacto físico praticamente nulo. A oportunidade de prática nas EF propicia maior proficiência na habilidade de autocabeceamento.
- Sistematização Conceptual da modalidade de Combat Fitness em Ginásios e Health ClubsPublication . Silva, MiguelO Combat Fitness tem emergido como uma modalidade híbrida que combina técnicas de artes marciais, treino funcional e exercícios cardiovasculares, sendo cada vez mais utilizada em contextos de fitness comercial e programas de condicionamento físico. Apesar da sua crescente popularidade, existe ainda pouca sistematização sobre as metodologias de ensino aplicadas nesta modalidade. Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo identificar, analisar e sintetizar as abordagens pedagógicas utilizadas no ensino do Combat Fitness, bem como avaliar a sua eficácia no desenvolvimento das capacidades físicas, técnicas e motivacionais dos praticantes.
- Sistematização do Ensino de Combat FitnessPublication . Silva, MiguelO Fitness Combat é uma modalidade de exercício grupal inspirada em artes marciais e desportos de combate, combinando movimentos de soco, chute, deslocamento e sequências coreografadas com música e orientação técnica. Em contexto de fitness, o objetivo principal não é a aprendizagem de defesa pessoal, mas sim o desenvolvimento da condição física geral, com forte ênfase no trabalho cardiovascular e muscular.
- Proposta metodológica para a aquisição da viragem de crolPublication . Lopes, Hugo; Louro, Hugo; Martins, Marta; Moreira, António; Conceição, Ana; Louro, HugoSegundo Fernandes & Vilas-Boas (2001), o tempo total de uma prova divide-se pelos parciais: de tempo de partida; tempo de nado; tempo de viragem. Este último pode ser dividido em tempo de aproximação à parede, tempo de rotação e tempo de reinício de nado, pelo que deve ocorrer até aos 15m (Sanders, 2002). A sua execução técnica tem vindo a mudar e a evoluir ao longo dos tempos, e de acordo com Lyttle & Benjanuvatra (2004), alguns ajustes na viragem pode se traduzir em melhorias substanciais no tempo final da prova. Existem estudos que comprovam que pequenos ajustes podem melhorar 0.20s por volta (Maglischo, 2003). De modo a que o processo de ensino/aprendizagem seja o mais ajustado e coerente, é necessário definir conjunto de progressões pedagógicas devidamente orientadas. Esta proposta será composta pelos parâmetros: aprendizagem do rolamento, rolamento com apoio, rolamentos sem apoio; impulsão, deslizes, impulsão e deslizes, deslizes com rotações e pernadas; aproximação à parede. Tem como base o equilíbrio durante o rolamento de forma a que a aprendizagem seja simples, neste sentido, requer a aquisição do rolamento bem adquirido e consolidado para prosseguir para as etapas seguintes da aquisição técnica. Ao contrário da metodologia tradicional do ensino da viragem a partir da aproximação, rolamento, impulsão/deslize esta proposta metodológica pretende facilitar a aprendizagem e o ensino da viragem de crol, através primeiramente da aquisição consolidada do rolamento e deslize e depois com a aproximação à parede.
- The effects of detraining on lower force and maximum aerobic power in pre-pubescent football athletesPublication . Brito, João Paulo; Jacinto, J.; Fernandes, Renato; Louro, Hugo; Conceição, AnaOBJECTIVE Detraining results in the loss of cardiovascular and metabolic characteristics and consequently results in the reduction of VO2max and muscular strength (Coyle, 1994, Evangelista & Brum, 1999). For most researchers the VO2max is an indicator of greater fidelity in the characterization of aerobic power of an individual, as well as their level of fitness (1,2,3,4,5,6). Because detraining in young athletes has received little attention, is important to discuss this area. In adults, training-induced increases in muscle strength and VO2max appear to decline during detraining about and in the same rate as they increase during training. To date, only one study (Blimkie et al., 1989) looked at the effects of 8 weeks of detraining in prepubertal boys following 20 weeks of resistance training. The training-induced strength gains regressed towards the growth-adjusted control level during the detraining period, suggesting that alike with adults, training adaptations are reversible (Blimkie et al., 1989). The aim of this study was to know the effect of detraining in a period of 34 days on the Maximum Aerobic Power (MAP) and Lower Force (LF), in pre-pubescent children football players. METHODS Eight pre-pubescent male football players (age 12.75 ± 0.71years; weight 41.46 ± 6.66 kg; height 1,51 ± 0.06 cm; BMI 19,30 ± 3,59) were assessed before and after 5 weeks of a detraining period. A Modified Balke maximal protocol using ergo-spirometry procedures (Cosmed® K4b2) was selected to determine VO2max and the Ventilatory Anaerobic Threshold (VAT) as estimates for the aerobic capacity. To access the LF a Coutermovement Jump (CMJ) was made in the Ergojump®. Data comparisons were set to determine the relationships between the parameters resulting from testing. RESULTS The MAP (VO2max/kg) show a significant difference from the pre vs post detraining period (69,27 ± 5,41 ml.kg.min-1 vs 63,22 ± 4,95 ml.kg.min-1, p=0,002) however the LF doesn’t report significant changes. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION The results suggest that 5 weeks of detraining decrease the MAP (VO2max/kg) of pre-pubescent football players although not significant changes were report on the LS parameter.
- Evaluation of the effects of a walking programme in the fall risk factors in the older people: balance, strength and agility – longitudinal pilot studyPublication . Monteiro, Lina; Ramalho, F; Santos-Rocha, Rita; Morgado, Sónia; Bento, TeresaBackground Falls are the main reason for the high mortality and morbidity rate among older people, and are the main cause of immobility and autonomy loss. Walking programmes are a positive way of preventing falls on apparently healthy elders. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyse the effects of a walking programme on the fall risk factors of older people, namely, the strength, balance and agility. Methods Five elders (63 and 83 years old) integrated an experimental group that participated in a weekly walking activity supervised by an exercise specialist for a sixty minutes’ period, throughout a nine months’ period. The evaluations took place in three moments, consisting of functional fitness and physical activity tests. Results Results showed an increase in the vigorous activity score, walking score, movement score and standing position score between the first and the second moment of evaluation. There was as also a significant decrease in the sitting position score, which confirmed the decrease in the sedentary behaviour of the participants. The pedometer showed us a significant increase of steps, between the two moments, and the variable related to walking, indicated positive average results in the longitudinal evaluation (0.026 ≤ 0.05). Conclusions The walking programme induced positive results in some of the fall risk factors in the older people, such as physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness, therefore we believe that the quality of life of the participants was improved. Finally, the observed decreased in sedentary behaviour can be an important message for interventions with walking activity.
- Results from a 9-month physical activity intervention in physical fitness of older womenPublication . Bento, Teresa; Azul, Joana; Santos-Rocha, RitaObjective: The main purpose of our study was to analyze the effects of a 9-month, physical activity intervention program in physical fitness in older women. Methods: Older women were recruited and randomly assigned to a supervised physical activity group or to a control group. Combined exercise sessions were performed three times a week, for 45 minutes and controlled for intensity. Sociodemographic data, health and daily habits, and physical function was assessed at baseline and after nine months. Results: However the intervention group showed better results at the end of the program, comparison between groups revealed no statistically meaning differences, for all studied variables. Baseline results from both groups revealed to be higher than the reference standards for their age and gender, meaning that participants were already very active at the beginning of the intervention. Not controlling for physical activity in the control group may have limited the analysis. Conclusions: Although not statistically significant, our results indicate that participants of the intervention group achieved better results, meaning that this supervised, community based physical activity intervention program was beneficial. It should also be acknowledge that participants, at least, maintained their initial high level, meaning that there was no decline in their physical function.
- The basic foundations of Capoeira learning from 5 to 10 years of age: implementation and evaluation of a formative projectPublication . Barros, Nelson; Branco, Marco A. C.; Catela, DavidCapoeira differs from the vast majority of other duels by the musical accompaniment, where the rhythm gives the temporal structure to the movement. The practice of Capoeira enables the development of structural elements of human movement, particularly in perception‐action cycles, e.g., music rhythm and specific movements or peripheral vision and attack and defense actions, integrated in cultural and socio‐affective dimensions (Silva & Damiani, 2005). The training in Capoeira follows a traditional course in associations or Capoeira groups where transmission of knowledge is made by the Mestre de Capoeira, each developing an individual philosophy and methodology and based on accumulated practical knowledge. Actually, there is no formal process and specific training of these professionals, and professionals usually have little qualification. The practitioner student passes to teacher condition by subjective criteria (Heine, Carbinatto, & Nunomura, 2009). In order to contribute to a tested contents’ systematization, for the motor learning of the basis of Capoeira, in the 2nd childhood, considered the critical period of development of motor skills and coordinative abilities (Mitra & Mogos, 1990), as well as structuring modes social interaction (Ré, 2011), the authors started a project to build and test a guiding program for Capoeira teaching agents, for them to structure and sustain the progression of learning the basic techniques, tactics and rules; as well as to introduce to the process of interaction between capoeiristas performers and instrumentalists, while respecting the cultural and historical values of Capoeira’ identity.
- The effects of high-speed resistance training on health outcomes in independent older adults: a systematic reviewPublication . Martins, Alexandre; Fernandes, Orlando; Oliveira, Rafael; Silva, Ana Filipa; Brito, João