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- Proposta metodológica para a aquisição da viragem de crolPublication . Lopes, Hugo; Louro, Hugo; Martins, Marta; Moreira, António; Conceição, Ana; Louro, HugoSegundo Fernandes & Vilas-Boas (2001), o tempo total de uma prova divide-se pelos parciais: de tempo de partida; tempo de nado; tempo de viragem. Este último pode ser dividido em tempo de aproximação à parede, tempo de rotação e tempo de reinício de nado, pelo que deve ocorrer até aos 15m (Sanders, 2002). A sua execução técnica tem vindo a mudar e a evoluir ao longo dos tempos, e de acordo com Lyttle & Benjanuvatra (2004), alguns ajustes na viragem pode se traduzir em melhorias substanciais no tempo final da prova. Existem estudos que comprovam que pequenos ajustes podem melhorar 0.20s por volta (Maglischo, 2003). De modo a que o processo de ensino/aprendizagem seja o mais ajustado e coerente, é necessário definir conjunto de progressões pedagógicas devidamente orientadas. Esta proposta será composta pelos parâmetros: aprendizagem do rolamento, rolamento com apoio, rolamentos sem apoio; impulsão, deslizes, impulsão e deslizes, deslizes com rotações e pernadas; aproximação à parede. Tem como base o equilíbrio durante o rolamento de forma a que a aprendizagem seja simples, neste sentido, requer a aquisição do rolamento bem adquirido e consolidado para prosseguir para as etapas seguintes da aquisição técnica. Ao contrário da metodologia tradicional do ensino da viragem a partir da aproximação, rolamento, impulsão/deslize esta proposta metodológica pretende facilitar a aprendizagem e o ensino da viragem de crol, através primeiramente da aquisição consolidada do rolamento e deslize e depois com a aproximação à parede.
- Results from a 9-month physical activity intervention in physical fitness of older womenPublication . Bento, Teresa; Azul, Joana; Santos-Rocha, RitaObjective: The main purpose of our study was to analyze the effects of a 9-month, physical activity intervention program in physical fitness in older women. Methods: Older women were recruited and randomly assigned to a supervised physical activity group or to a control group. Combined exercise sessions were performed three times a week, for 45 minutes and controlled for intensity. Sociodemographic data, health and daily habits, and physical function was assessed at baseline and after nine months. Results: However the intervention group showed better results at the end of the program, comparison between groups revealed no statistically meaning differences, for all studied variables. Baseline results from both groups revealed to be higher than the reference standards for their age and gender, meaning that participants were already very active at the beginning of the intervention. Not controlling for physical activity in the control group may have limited the analysis. Conclusions: Although not statistically significant, our results indicate that participants of the intervention group achieved better results, meaning that this supervised, community based physical activity intervention program was beneficial. It should also be acknowledge that participants, at least, maintained their initial high level, meaning that there was no decline in their physical function.
- The effects of detraining on lower force and maximum aerobic power in pre-pubescent football athletesPublication . Brito, João Paulo; Jacinto, J.; Fernandes, Renato; Louro, Hugo; Conceição, AnaOBJECTIVE Detraining results in the loss of cardiovascular and metabolic characteristics and consequently results in the reduction of VO2max and muscular strength (Coyle, 1994, Evangelista & Brum, 1999). For most researchers the VO2max is an indicator of greater fidelity in the characterization of aerobic power of an individual, as well as their level of fitness (1,2,3,4,5,6). Because detraining in young athletes has received little attention, is important to discuss this area. In adults, training-induced increases in muscle strength and VO2max appear to decline during detraining about and in the same rate as they increase during training. To date, only one study (Blimkie et al., 1989) looked at the effects of 8 weeks of detraining in prepubertal boys following 20 weeks of resistance training. The training-induced strength gains regressed towards the growth-adjusted control level during the detraining period, suggesting that alike with adults, training adaptations are reversible (Blimkie et al., 1989). The aim of this study was to know the effect of detraining in a period of 34 days on the Maximum Aerobic Power (MAP) and Lower Force (LF), in pre-pubescent children football players. METHODS Eight pre-pubescent male football players (age 12.75 ± 0.71years; weight 41.46 ± 6.66 kg; height 1,51 ± 0.06 cm; BMI 19,30 ± 3,59) were assessed before and after 5 weeks of a detraining period. A Modified Balke maximal protocol using ergo-spirometry procedures (Cosmed® K4b2) was selected to determine VO2max and the Ventilatory Anaerobic Threshold (VAT) as estimates for the aerobic capacity. To access the LF a Coutermovement Jump (CMJ) was made in the Ergojump®. Data comparisons were set to determine the relationships between the parameters resulting from testing. RESULTS The MAP (VO2max/kg) show a significant difference from the pre vs post detraining period (69,27 ± 5,41 ml.kg.min-1 vs 63,22 ± 4,95 ml.kg.min-1, p=0,002) however the LF doesn’t report significant changes. DISCUSSION & CONCLUSION The results suggest that 5 weeks of detraining decrease the MAP (VO2max/kg) of pre-pubescent football players although not significant changes were report on the LS parameter.