Percorrer por autor "Fernandes, Orlando"
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- Associations of Physical Activity with One-Year Functional and Cognitive Trajectories Following High-Speed Resistance Training in Older AdultsPublication . Duarte Martins, Alexandre; Brito, João Paulo; Batalha, Nuno; Gonçalves, Bruno; Oliveira, Rafael; Fernandes, OrlandoBackground: Engaging in regular physical activity (PA) after completing structured exercise programmes may contribute to sustaining functional and cognitive gains in older adults over the long term. This study investigated whether different levels of PA during theone-year follow-up were associated with the preservation of the physical and cognitive gains achieved after a high-speed resistance training (HSRT) intervention lasting 16 weeks. Methods: Thirty-six community-dwelling older adults who had previously finished a supervised 16-week HSRT programme were monitored for one year. According to self reported PA assessed at the one-year follow-up, participants were allocated to eithera light activity group (LAG, n = 20) or a moderate-to-vigorous activity group (MVAG, n = 16). The following tests were used to assess physical function: six-minute walk test (6MWT), chair-stand test, seated medicine ball throw (SMBT), timed up-and-go test (TUG), and handgrip strength (HGS), whereas global cognitive function was assessedwith the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results: Exploratory between-group comparisons indicated that participants in the MVAG tended to show better chair-stand performance at the six-month (dunb = 0.76 [0.09 to 1.45]) and one-year (dunb = 1.02 [0.34 to 1.74]) assessments. SMBT performance declined similarly in both groups throughout follow up(LAG: dunb = −0.41 [−0.61 to −0.24]; MVAG: dunb = −0.44 [−0.72 to −0.21]). Although the group × time interaction did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.079, ηp 2 = 0.088), exploratory analyses showed that declines in chair-stand and TUG performance occurred mainly in the LAG, pointing to possible patterns related to the maintenance of functional capacity. Cognitive performance decreased post-intervention in both groups, regardless of the PA level. Conclusions: Higher levels of self-reported PA assessed at the one-year follow up were associated with more favourable trends in lower-limb functional performance
- Changes in muscular activity in different stable and unstable conditions on aquatic platformsPublication . Conceição, Ana; Fernandes, Orlando; Baia, Miguel; Parraça, José A.; Gonçalves, Bruno; Batalha, NunoThe present study aimed to analyse and compare the muscle activity of twelve participants (seven men and five women) (age 20.1 ± 0.9 years; height 170.5 ± 10 cm; body mass: 64.86 ± 8.3 kg) in two exercises, each with two variants: squat (dynamic and static) and plank (hands and elbows) in a stable environment on land and an unstable environment on an aquatic platform. The erector spinae, biceps femoris, rectus femoris, external oblique, and rectus abdominis muscles were evaluated using surface electromyography. The dynamic squat increases the recruitment of the biceps femoris and external oblique, while the static squat demands greater activation of the rectus femoris. The elbow plank exercise increases the recruitment of erector spinae muscles, and the hand plank exercise increases the recruitment of the erector spinae and external oblique. In conclusion, performing exercises in unstable conditions on an aquatic platform slightly increases muscle recruitment.
- Effects of a 16-week high-speed resistance training program on heart rate variability indices in community-dwelling independent older adults: A clinical trialPublication . Duarte Martins, Alexandre; Fernandes, Orlando; Brito, João Paulo; Gonçalves, Bruno; Oliveira, Rafael; Batalha, NunoThis study explored the impact of a 16-week high-speed resistance training (HSRT) program on heart rate variability (HRV) indices in independent older adults. The participants were divided into either an intervention group (IG, N = 40) or a control group (CG, N =39). The IG participated in supervised HSRT sessions three times weekly, comprising 5–6exerciseswith2–3setsand6–10 repetitions, which lasted 60–70 min. The CG did not engage in any exercise program. HRV indices, encompassing time, frequency, and non-linear, were recorded over a six-minute period. The ANCOVA results revealed significant improvements favoring the IG for mean RR (η2 p = 0.050), systolic blood pressure (η2 p = 0.126), and pulse pressure (η2 p = 0.157). Additionally, within-group analyses revealed significant increases in stress index (dunb = 0.52), sample entropy (dunb = 0.38), and DFA α1(dunb = 0.38) exclusively in the CG. This study highlights the significant potential of the HSRT to induce favorable changes in parasympathetic activity and reduce arterial stiffness.
- Effects of a 16‑week high‑speed resistance training program on physical and cognitive function in community‑dwelling independent older adults: a clinical trialPublication . Martins, Alexandre Duarte; Batalha, Nuno; Fernandes, Orlando; Gonçalves, Bruno; Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João PauloPurpose This study investigated the effects of a 16-week high-speed resistance training (HSRT) program on physical and cognitive function in independent older adults. Methods Seventy-nine participants were assigned to an intervention group (IG, N= 40, 68.50 ± 3.54 years) or a control group (CG, N = 39, 72.08 ± 5.89 years). The IG completed 60–70 min of supervised HSRT three times weekly for 16 weeks. All concentric actions were continuously monitored with a BEAST™ sensor. Physical function was evaluated by five tests: chair‐stand, timed up and go (TUG), seated medicine ball throw (SMBT), six-minute walk (6MWT), and handgrip strength. General cognitive function was assessed with the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Results The intervention could induce significant improvements in favor of the IG (p < 0.001) for chair-stand ( 2 p = 0.736), TUG test ( 2 p = 0.635), SMBT ( 2 p = 0.331), 6MWT ( 2 p = 0.386), and handgrip strength test for dominant ( 2 p = 0.448) and non-dominant side( 2 p = 0.388), as well as in general cognitive function (MMSE, p = 0.001, 2 p = 0.146). Conclusions The 16-week HSRT program led to substantial enhancements in both physical and cognitive function. Inter estingly, the HSRT program, tailored to general velocity zones, proved to be a safe and motivational approach to physical exercise within this population.
- Effects of a 16-Week High-Speed Resistance Training Program on Isokinetic Muscle Strength Parameters and Health-Related Quality of Life in Independent Older Adults: A Clinical TrialPublication . Duarte Martins, Alexandre; Fernandes, Orlando; Brito, João Paulo; Gonçalves, Bruno; Oliveira, Rafael; Batalha, Nunohis study investigated the effects of a 16-week high-speed resistance training (HSRT) program on isokinetic muscle strength parameters and, secondarily, on health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Seventy-nine independent older adults were assigned to an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG). The IG completed supervised HSRT three times per week, while the CG received no intervention. Each session lasted 60–70 minutes and included 5–6 exercises of 2–3 sets at maximal concentric speed and a controlled eccentric phase (≈2–3 seconds). Isokinetic muscle strength was assessed pre- and post-intervention using isokinetic testing of knee extensors (KE) and flexors (KF) at 60º/s and 180º/s on dominant (DS) and non-dominant sides (NDS). The HRQOL was measured using the SF-36 questionnaire. The IG demonstrated significant improvements in peak torque for KE-DS. The present HSRT protocol effectively improves isokinetic muscle parameters and HRQOL measures in older adults.
- Effects of exercise programs on phase angle in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysisPublication . Martins, Alexandre; Fernandes, Orlando; Oliveira, Rafael; Bilro, Vitor; Lopes, Gabriel; Parraça, José; Raimundo, Armando; Brito, JoãoThe purpose of this study was to review the evidence to determine the effects of exercise programs on phase angle (PhA) in older people.
- Effects of exercise programs on phase angle in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysisPublication . Martins, Alexandre Duarte; Fernandes, Orlando; Oliveira, Rafael; Bilro, Vitor; Lopes, Gabriel; Rego, António Maia; Parraça, José A.; Raimundo, Armando Manuel Mendonça; Brito, João PauloThe purpose of this study was to calculate the effects of exercise programs on phase angle (PhA) in older people. A systematic review was undertaken in multiple electronic databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement guidelines for the purposes of selecting randomized controlled trials that measured the effects of the exercise programs on PhA in older adults on 31 March 2022. We carried out a random-effect meta-analysis for the effects of exercise programs on PhA. Additionally, we analysed the differences between subgroups in terms of weekly frequency, number of sets and repetitions, and duration of interventions. Studies were methodological assessed through the PEDro scale where one had excellent, ten had good, and three had poor methodological quality. For the purposes of the study, fourteen studies met the criteria for in clusion. However, four studies did not have enough information to be included in the quantitative analysis. The remaining ten articles revealed moderate effects on PhA in favour of intervention groups (p=0.009, SMD=0.72 [0.46–0.99], I 2 =54%). The meta-analysis also showed that interventions lasting twelve weeks are more suc cessful in generating positive effects on PhA as opposed to eight weeks (SMD’s=0.79 vs. 0.64, respectively). These results indicate that resistance training (RT) is an effective and safe to improve PhA in the older people, especially through RT programs lasting from eight to twelve weeks. A novel finding of this study was that RT is the most used type of exercise by authors when assessing the PhA in older adults.
- Long-term effects on rate of torque development and fear of falling following high-speed resistance training in older adultsPublication . Martins, Alexandre Duarte; Fernandes, Orlando; Gonçalves, Bruno; Batalha, Nuno; Brito, João Paulo; Oliveira, RafaelThis study examined the influence of physical activity (PA) on the retention of rate of torque development (RTD) effects achieved following a 16-week high-speed resistance training (HSRT) over a 12-month follow-up period. Secondly, the fear of falling was also assessed. After the follow-up, 36 participants were categorized into two groups according to the PA: light activity group (LAG, N = 20, age 70.00 ± 3.66 years) and moderate-to-vigorous activity group (MVAG, N = 16, age 68.50 ± 2.09 years). At the four time points, RTDPEAK and its time intervals for knee extension and flexion were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer at 60º/s, and the fear of falling was assessed using the Falls Efficacy Scale–International questionnaire. Both groups showed significant RTDPEAK improvements from pre intervention to the 12-month follow-up (moderate-to-large effect sizes). However, PA levels suggested to influence the retention effects: LAG showed declines in dominant RTDPEAK (2% in extension and flexion) and in non-dominant side (6% extension and 5% flexion). In contrast, the MVAG maintained or slightly improved RTDPEAK performance in dominant (1% extension and 2% flexion) and in non dominant side (3% extension and 1% flexion). Fear of falling scores remained significantly reduced in both groups compared to pre-intervention, regardless of PA level. In summary, maintaining moderate to-vigorous PA during follow-up appears to enhance the long-term retention of HSRT-induced neuromuscular adaptations, whereas HSRT effects on fear of falling were sustained regardless of PA level, highlighting its clinical potential for fall prevention.
- Long-term impact of physical activity levels after high-speed resistance training on cardiac autonomic control in independent older adultsPublication . Duarte Martins, Alexandre António Ferreira; Fernandes, Orlando; Brito, João Paulo; Oliveira, Rafael; Gonçalves, Bruno; Batalha, NunoThis study investigated the influence of physical activity (PA) levels on the long-term retention of the effects on cardiac autonomic control, assessed by heart rate variability (HRV), following a 16-week high-speed resistance training (HSRT) program over a 12-month follow-up period. At 12-month follow-up period, 36 participants who completed the measurements were categorized into light activity group (LAG) and moderate-to-vigorous activity group (MVAG) based on their PA levels. HRV data were recorded over a 6-min period. Significant within-group differences were observed over time. In MVAG, systolic blood pressure was significantly lower at the 6-month follow-up compared to pre-intervention (dunb = −0.87), while in LAG, diastolic blood pressure was lower at the 12-month follow-up compared to post-intervention (dunb = −0.66). Additionally, MVAG demonstrated significantly higher mean RR values at the 12-month compared to the 6-month follow-up (dunb = 0.49). Moreover, minimum and mean heart rate values were significantly higher at the 6-month compared to the 12-month follow-up (dunb = −0.39 and dunb = −0.42, respectively) in MVAG. Lastly, Sample Entropy was significantly higher in LAG compared to MVAG at 12-month follow-up (dunb = −0.89). In conclusion, participants who maintained moderate-to-vigorous PA during the 12-month follow-up demonstrated better retention of parasympathetic-related indices effects, as well as overall autonomic nervous system markers.
- Phase angle as a key marker of muscular and bone quality in community-dwelling independent older adults: A cross-sectional exploratory pilot studyPublication . Martins, Alexandre; Brito, João; Batalha, Nuno; Oliveira, Rafael; Parraca, Jose A.; Fernandes, OrlandoThe aim of the present cross-sectional exploratory pilot study was to analyze the ability of the Phase Angle (PhA) to predict physical function, muscle strength and bone indicators, upon adjusting for potential confounders [age, sex, lean mass, and body mass index (BMI)]. This study included 56 physically independent older adults (age, 68.29 ± 3.01 years; BMI, 28.09 ± 4.37 kg/ m2 ). A multi-frequency segmental bioelectrical impedance analysis was used to measure PhA at 50 KHz. Additionally, physical function was assessed through four functional capacity tests [30- sec chair-stand; seated medicine ball throw (SMBT); timed up & go; and 6-min walking test (6 MWT)], muscle strength through the handgrip test (dominant side) and maximal isokinetic strength of the dominant knee flexor and extensor. Moreover, bone indicators and body composition were assessed through the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. PhA was significantly associated with SMBT (r = 0.375, effect size (ES) = moderate); 6 MWT (r = 0.396, ES = moderate); 30-sec chair-stand (rho = 0.314, ES = moderate); knee extension (rho = 0.566, ES = large) and flexion (r = 0.459, ES = moderate); handgrip (rho = 0.432, ES = moderate); whole-body bone mineral content (BMC) (r = 0.316, ES = moderate); femoral neck BMC (r = 0.469, ES = moderate); and femoral neck bone mineral density (BMD) (rho = 0.433, ES = moderate). Additionally, the results of multiple regression analysis demonstrated that PhA is significantly associated with SMBT (p < 0.001; R2 = 0.629), 6 MWT (p = 0.004; R2 = 0.214), knee extension (p < 0.001; R2 = 0.697), knee flexion (p < 0.001; R2 = 0.355), handgrip test (p < 0.001; R2 = 0.774), whole-body BMC (p < 0.001; R2 = 0.524), femoral neck BMC (p = 0.001; R2 = 0.249), and femoral neck BMD (p = 0.020; R2 = 0.153). The results of the preliminary analysis suggested that PhA is linked to muscle strength and some factors related to physical function and bone quality in community-dwelling older adults.