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Elbow Flexor Adaptations to Failure Versus Repetitions-in-Reserve Training: A Unilateral Within-Participant Study in Resistance-Trained Adults

2026Artigo de investigação Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Médicas::Ciências da Saúde
datacite.subject.sdg04:Educação de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorVasconcelos, Tiago
dc.contributor.authorAlves, Ana Ruivo
dc.contributor.authorRefalo, Martin C.,
dc.contributor.authorLucas, Gabriela C.
dc.contributor.authorVasconcelos, Pedro R.
dc.contributor.authorBrito, João Paulo
dc.contributor.authorCasanova, Filipe
dc.contributor.authorVilaça-Alves, José
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Rafael
dc.date.accessioned2026-09-29T08:54:58Z
dc.date.available2026-09-29T08:54:58Z
dc.date.issued2026
dc.description.abstractThis study compared elbow flexor hypertrophy and maximal strength adaptations after eight weeks of resistance training performed either to momentary muscular failure or with 1–3 repetitions in reserve (RIR). Nineteen resistance-trained adults completed a unilateral within-participant protocol in which one arm trained to failure and the contralateral arm trained with 1–3 RIR. Participants trained twice weekly using the unilateral preacher curl exercise at 70–80% one-repetition maximum (1RM). Elbow flexor muscle thickness and 1RM strength were assessed before and after the intervention. Bayesian mixed-effects models estimated between-condition differences. Both protocols increased muscle thickness and 1RM strength. The estimated between-condition differences for muscle thickness were 0.032 cm (95% highest density interval [HDI]: −0.044 to 0.113) while the estimated difference in 1RM strength was 0.588 kg (85% HDI: −0.491 to 1.66), with both 95% HDIs spanning zero and including values favoring either protocol. Sex-specific analyses showed the same general patter of responses. Overall, resistance training performed with 1–3 RIR produces similar elbow flexor hypertrophy and maximal strength adaptations to training performed to momentary muscular failures under the loading and volume conditions examined.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by National Funds by FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology under the projects UID/04045/2025 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UID/04045/2025),UID/PRR/04045/2025 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UID/PRR/04045/2025) and UID/PRR2/04045/2025 (https://doi.org/10.544 99/UID/PRR2/04045/2025).
dc.identifier.citationVasconcelos, T., Alves, A. R., Refalo, M. C., Lucas, G. C., Vasconcelos, P. R., Paulo Brito, J., Casanova, F., Vilaça-Alves, J., & Oliveira, R. (2026). Elbow Flexor Adaptations to Failure Versus Repetitions-in-Reserve Training: A Unilateral Within-Participant Study in Resistance-Trained Adults. Muscles, 5(3), 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/muscles5030061
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/muscles5030061
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.15/6170
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.relationUID/04045/2025
dc.relationUID/PRR2/04045/2025
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectresistance training
dc.subjecthypertrophy
dc.subjectmuscle thickness
dc.subjectstrength
dc.titleElbow Flexor Adaptations to Failure Versus Repetitions-in-Reserve Training: A Unilateral Within-Participant Study in Resistance-Trained Adultseng
dc.typeresearch article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.titleMuscles
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameBrito
person.familyNameOliveira
person.givenNameJoão Paulo
person.givenNameRafael
person.identifier.ciencia-id9C16-7F53-1375
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4357-4269
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-6671-6229
relation.isAuthorOfPublication2e040958-1fa8-47f8-bbca-29ebfe3d989b
relation.isAuthorOfPublication048765fe-a23f-4a68-9e6e-f278321223ac
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery048765fe-a23f-4a68-9e6e-f278321223ac

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