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A relação entre a composição corporal, competência motora, saúde e incidência de lesões em atletas de futebol e futsal
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Abstract(s)
O futebol e o futsal são duas modalidades desportivas que se destacam
pelo elevado risco de lesões que apresentam, em virtude das suas exigências
físicas, táticas, técnicas e psicológicas acentuadas. De acordo com o modelo de
Newell (1986), o movimento resulta da interação dinâmica entre os
constrangimentos individuais, da tarefa e do ambiente. Os constrangimentos
individuais referem-se às características do próprio sistema, ou seja, do atleta,
como a idade, composição corporal e competência motora. Os primeiros anos
de vida têm um papel crucial no desenvolvimento das competências motoras. A
composição corporal pode ser analisada segundo diferentes modelos,
nomeadamente através da medição do peso e da altura. O desempenho físico e
a performance desportiva estão intimamente relacionados com valores
regularizados de peso e altura. Assim, a presente dissertação inclui dois estudos
que tiveram como objetivos, respetivamente: i) rever e analisar programas de
saúde e bem-estar existentes que visem reduzir a incidência de lesões em
atletas, através de uma revisão sistemática; ii) comparar e relacionar a
competência motora, composição corporal, características psicológicas e
incidência de lesão em atletas de formação de futebol e futsal, com recurso a um
estudo transversal. A metodologia do estudo 1 incluiu uma revisão sistemática
realizada de acordo com o protocolo PRISMA e do estudo 2 inclui um estudo
transversal onde foram comparadas e correlacionadas as variáveis de
composição corporal, competência motora, características psicológicas e lesões.
O estudo transversal contém uma amostra de 228 atletas de ambos os sexos,
na modalidade de futebol e futsal. Os resultados da presente dissertação
demonstram que no estudo 1 os programas mais eficazes são aqueles que
adotam uma abordagem multidimensional, integrando o treino físico específico,
estratégias de gestão do stress e a promoção do bem-estar psicológico. Estudos
longitudinais, que incluem um acompanhamento regular, demonstraram maior
impacto na redução da incidência de lesões e na melhoria da saúde geral dos
atletas. No estudo 2 a composição corporal desempenha um papel preponderante na competência motora, enquanto as características
psicológicas, apesar de apresentarem uma influência menos direta, continuam a
ser relevantes para o desempenho e o bem-estar geral dos atletas.
Adicionalmente, a especificidade das modalidades desportivas mostrou ser um
fator determinante, tanto no desempenho motor como na saúde e na incidência
de lesões. Em conclusão, o estudo 1 reforça a importância de uma abordagem
multidimensional na compreensão e promoção da saúde e do desempenho
desportivo. Os resultados obtidos do estudo 2 evidenciam que a composição
corporal tem um papel central na competência motora, destacando-se como um
fator crucial para o desenvolvimento físico e motor dos atletas. Apesar de as
características psicológicas apresentarem uma influência menos direta, estas
não devem ser negligenciadas, dada a sua relevância para o bem-estar geral e
a capacidade de gerir o stress competitivo.
Football and futsal are two sports disciplines characterized by a high risk of injuries due to their intense physical, tactical, technical, and psychological demands. According to Newell's model (1986), movement results from the dynamic interaction among individual, task, and environmental constraints. Individual constraints refer to the athlete's own characteristics, such as age, body composition, and motor skills. The early years of life play a crucial role in the development of motor skills. Body composition can be analyzed using different models, notably the measurement of weight and height. Physical performance and sports achievement are closely related to regularized weight and height values. This dissertation includes two studies with the following objectives: i) to review and analyze existing health and wellness programs aimed at reducing injury incidence in athletes through a systematic review; ii) to compare and relate motor skills, body composition, psychological characteristics, and injury incidence in youth football and futsal athletes through a cross-sectional study. The methodology for study 1 involved a systematic review conducted according to the PRISMA protocol, while study 2 employed a cross-sectional study comparing and correlating variables such as body composition, motor skills, psychological characteristics, and injuries. The cross-sectional study included a sample of 228 athletes of both sexes in football and futsal. The results of this dissertation demonstrate that in study 1, the most effective programs adopt a multidimensional approach, integrating specific physical training, stress management strategies, and psychological well-being promotion. Longitudinal studies, which include regular follow-ups, have shown greater impact in reducing injury incidence and improving athletes' overall health. In study 2, body composition plays a predominant role in motor skills, while psychological characteristics, despite having a less direct influence, remain relevant for performance and overall athlete well-being. Additionally, the specificity of the sports disciplines proved to be a determining factor in motor performance, health, and injury incidence. In conclusion, study 1 reinforces the importance of a multidimensional approach in understanding and promoting health and sports performance. The results from study 2 highlight the central role of body composition in motor skills, emphasizing it as a crucial factor in athletes' physical and motor development. Although psychological characteristics have a less direct impact, they should not be overlooked due to their relevance to general well-being and the ability to manage competitive stress.
Football and futsal are two sports disciplines characterized by a high risk of injuries due to their intense physical, tactical, technical, and psychological demands. According to Newell's model (1986), movement results from the dynamic interaction among individual, task, and environmental constraints. Individual constraints refer to the athlete's own characteristics, such as age, body composition, and motor skills. The early years of life play a crucial role in the development of motor skills. Body composition can be analyzed using different models, notably the measurement of weight and height. Physical performance and sports achievement are closely related to regularized weight and height values. This dissertation includes two studies with the following objectives: i) to review and analyze existing health and wellness programs aimed at reducing injury incidence in athletes through a systematic review; ii) to compare and relate motor skills, body composition, psychological characteristics, and injury incidence in youth football and futsal athletes through a cross-sectional study. The methodology for study 1 involved a systematic review conducted according to the PRISMA protocol, while study 2 employed a cross-sectional study comparing and correlating variables such as body composition, motor skills, psychological characteristics, and injuries. The cross-sectional study included a sample of 228 athletes of both sexes in football and futsal. The results of this dissertation demonstrate that in study 1, the most effective programs adopt a multidimensional approach, integrating specific physical training, stress management strategies, and psychological well-being promotion. Longitudinal studies, which include regular follow-ups, have shown greater impact in reducing injury incidence and improving athletes' overall health. In study 2, body composition plays a predominant role in motor skills, while psychological characteristics, despite having a less direct influence, remain relevant for performance and overall athlete well-being. Additionally, the specificity of the sports disciplines proved to be a determining factor in motor performance, health, and injury incidence. In conclusion, study 1 reinforces the importance of a multidimensional approach in understanding and promoting health and sports performance. The results from study 2 highlight the central role of body composition in motor skills, emphasizing it as a crucial factor in athletes' physical and motor development. Although psychological characteristics have a less direct impact, they should not be overlooked due to their relevance to general well-being and the ability to manage competitive stress.
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Keywords
competência motora composição corporal características psicológicas futebol futsal saúde motor skills body composition psychological characteristics football health