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Avaliação do sistema de rega subterrânea na cultura do tomate de indústria (Solanum lycopersicum L.) na região do Vale do Tejo
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Abstract(s)
O tomate para processamento industrial é uma cultura de forte tradição na região
da lezíria do vale do tejo e de elevada importância económica nacional, que utiliza
elevadas quantidades de energia e fatores intermédios de produção, nomeadamente
água. Nesse sentido, é importante incrementar a eficiência de rega e a utilização dos
equipamentos de rega na sua produção.
Instalou-se um ensaio em Santarém, nos terrenos da Escola Superior Agrária, com
o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência de dois sistemas de rega localizada, um com rampa
enterrada (RE) o outro com rampa colocado à superfície (RS). Estudou-se ainda o efeito
da antecipação do corte da rega aos 0, 3 e 7 dias antes da colheita. Avaliou-se a
influência destes fatores na biomassa, produtividade total e comercial, cor, ºBrix, pH e
teor de licopeno dos frutos.
O ensaio foi instalado em parcelas aleatórias, de 8m2, com quatro repetições. A
dotação de rega em cada tratamento foi controlada com um caudalímetro. A
monitorização foi efetuada por sondas capacitivas no local, a evapotranspiração
potencial e restantes elementos meteorológicos através de uma estação meteorológica
a cerca de 10km do local.
Não se registaram diferenças significativas na produtividade comercial estimada
entre as modalidades RE 166,5 t/ha e RS e 168,8t/ha com níveis de eficiência na
utilização da água para RE de 2,04 m3/t e para RS 2,16 m3/t.
O número de frutos e a concentração da maturação não diferiram estatisticamente
em RE e RS, bem como os parâmetros de qualidade (cor, pH e teor de licopeno) com
exceção do ºBrix, 4,64º para RE e 5,03º para RS.
Os parâmetros cor, pH e teor de licopeno assim com a concentração da maturação
e produtividade, não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas com o
período do corte de rega aos 0, 3 e 7 dias da colheita.
Tomato for industrial processing is a culture with a strong tradition in the Lezíria region of the Tagus Valley and of high national economic importance, which uses high amounts of energy and intermediate production factors, namely water. In this sense, it is important to increase irrigation efficiency and the use of irrigation equipment in its production. A trial was carried out in Santarém, on the grounds of the Escola Superior Agrária, with the objective of evaluating the efficiency of two localized irrigation systems, one with a buried ramp (RE) and the other with a ramp placed on the surface (RS). The effect of the anticipation of the irrigation cut at 0, 3 and 7 days before harvest was also studied. The influence of these factors on biomass, total and commercial productivity, color, Brix degree, pH and lycopene content of the fruits was evaluated. The experiment was installed in random plots of 8m2, with four replications. The irrigation allocation in each treatment was controlled with a flowmeter. Monitoring was carried out by capacitive probes at the site, the potential evapotranspiration and other meteorological elements through a meteorological station about 10 km from the site. There were no significant differences in the estimated commercial productivity between the modalities RE 166.5 t/ha and RS and 168.8 t/ha with levels of efficiency in the use of water for RE of 2.04 m3/t and for RS 2.16 m3 /t The number of fruits and the concentration of ripening did not differ statistically in RE and RS, as well as the quality parameters (color, pH and lycopene content) with the exception of the Brix grade, 4.64º for RE and 5.03º for RS. The parameters color, pH and lycopene content, as well as the concentration of maturation and productivity, did not show statistically significant differences with the irrigation cut-off period at 0, 3 and 7 days of harvest. Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum,
Tomato for industrial processing is a culture with a strong tradition in the Lezíria region of the Tagus Valley and of high national economic importance, which uses high amounts of energy and intermediate production factors, namely water. In this sense, it is important to increase irrigation efficiency and the use of irrigation equipment in its production. A trial was carried out in Santarém, on the grounds of the Escola Superior Agrária, with the objective of evaluating the efficiency of two localized irrigation systems, one with a buried ramp (RE) and the other with a ramp placed on the surface (RS). The effect of the anticipation of the irrigation cut at 0, 3 and 7 days before harvest was also studied. The influence of these factors on biomass, total and commercial productivity, color, Brix degree, pH and lycopene content of the fruits was evaluated. The experiment was installed in random plots of 8m2, with four replications. The irrigation allocation in each treatment was controlled with a flowmeter. Monitoring was carried out by capacitive probes at the site, the potential evapotranspiration and other meteorological elements through a meteorological station about 10 km from the site. There were no significant differences in the estimated commercial productivity between the modalities RE 166.5 t/ha and RS and 168.8 t/ha with levels of efficiency in the use of water for RE of 2.04 m3/t and for RS 2.16 m3 /t The number of fruits and the concentration of ripening did not differ statistically in RE and RS, as well as the quality parameters (color, pH and lycopene content) with the exception of the Brix grade, 4.64º for RE and 5.03º for RS. The parameters color, pH and lycopene content, as well as the concentration of maturation and productivity, did not show statistically significant differences with the irrigation cut-off period at 0, 3 and 7 days of harvest. Keywords: Solanum lycopersicum,
Description
Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do grau de Mestre na área de Engenharia Agronómica, na Escola Superior Agrária de Santarém, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém
Keywords
Solanum lycopersicum L. Tomate de indústria Rega subterrânea Rega superficial Eficiência hídrica Produtividade Propriedade físico-química Grau brix Licopeno Industrial tomato Underground irrigation Surface irrigation Water efficiency Brix grade color lycopene content
Citation
Estevão, Augusto Tomás Aguiar (2022). Avaliação do sistema de rega subterrânea na cultura do tomate de indústria (Solanum lycopersicum L.) na região do Vale do Tejo. Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do grau de Mestre na área de Engenharia Agronómica, na Escola Superior Agrária de Santarém. 49p.