The acute effect of maximal exercise on central and peripheral arterial stiffness indices and hemodynamics in children and adults

Melo, Xavier; Fernhall, Bo; Santos, Diana; Pinto, Rita; Pimenta, Nuno; Sardinha, Luis; Santa-Clara, Helena

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.15/2105

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Abstract(s)

This study compared the effects of a bout of maximal running exercise on arterial stiffness in children and adults. Right carotid blood pressure and artery stiffness indices measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV), compliance and distensibility coefficients, stiffness index α and β (echo-tracking), contralateral carotid blood pressure, and upper and lower limb and central/aortic PWV (applanation tonometry) were taken at rest and 10 min after a bout of maximal treadmill running in 34 children (7.38 ± 0.38 years) and 45 young adults (25.22 ± 0.91 years) having similar aerobic potential. Two-by-two repeated measures analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were used to detect differences with exercise between groups. Carotid pulse pressure (PP; η(2) = 0.394) increased more in adults after exercise (p < 0.05). Compliance (η(2) = 0.385) decreased in particular in adults and in those with high changes in distending pressure, similarly to stiffness index α and β. Carotid PWV increased more in adults and was related to local changes in PP but not mean arterial pressure (MAP). Stiffness in the lower limbs decreased (η(2) = 0.115) but apparently only in those with small MAP changes (η(2) = 0.111). No significant exercise or group interaction effects were found when variables were adjusted to height. An acute bout of maximal exercise can alter arterial stiffness and hemodynamics in the carotid artery and within the active muscle beds. Arterial stiffness and hemodynamic response to metabolic demands during exercise in children simply reflect their smaller body size and may not indicate a particular physiological difference compared with adults.

Description

Xavier Melo is supported by a research grant from the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Ministry of Education and Science of Portugal (grant: SFRH/ BD/ 70515/ 2010). Nuno M. Pimenta is cofinanced by national funds through the Programa Operacional do Alentejo 2007-2013 (ALENT-07-0262- FEDER-001883)

Keywords

Absorptiometry Adaptation Adolescent Adult Age Factors Blood Pressure Body Composition Body Size Brachial Artery Carotid Arteries Child Preschool Compliance Exercise Test Female Humans Male Manometry Muscle Pulse Wave Analysis Running Young Adult Exercise Hemodynamics Muscle Contraction Vascular Stiffness Skeletal Photon

URI

http://hdl.handle.net/10400.15/2105

Citation

Melo, X., Fernhall, B., Santos, D. A., Pinto, R., Pimenta, N. M., Sardinha, L. B., & Santa-Clara, H. (2015). The acute effect of maximal exercise on central and peripheral arterial stiffness indices and hemodynamics in children and adults. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(3), 266–276. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0204