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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Até muito recentemente, as drosófilas ou moscas-do-vinagre eram habitualmente
vistas como insetos-sentinela, alertando-nos para a presença de frutos “tocados” ou
como insetos-modelo, em estudos de genética em laboratório. Contudo, em 2008, uma
espécie, Drosophila suzukii, “spotted wing drosophila SWD” ou, em português,
“drosófila-da-asa-manchada”, detetada em Espanha e quase simultaneamente nos EUA
(parte continental), rapidamente se disseminou e começou a causar prejuízos a nível
agrícola. Portugal, não foi exceção. Esta espécie tem preferência por se alimentar e
realizar a postura em frutos sãos, as larvas alimentam-se dos frutos, e as feridas
provocadas pelo oviscapto constituem portas de entrada para patogéneos. Entre os
fatores que têm contribuído para o seu estatuto de praga contam-se: elevada fecundidade
e ciclo de vida rápido (elevado número de gerações por ano), que promovem grande
crescimento populacional; vasta gama de hospedeiros (com preferência por pequenos
frutos), cultivados e espontâneos que propiciam a reinfestação; elevada tolerância
térmica (baixas e altas temperaturas), que amplia a sua distribuição geográfica; inserção
dos ovos no interior dos frutos, que oculta a primeira fase de infestação; aumento dos
custos de produção; redução da “vida em prateleira” e efeito negativo nas exportações.
Apesar da sua preferência por ambientes frescos e húmidos, a produção de pequenos
frutos no sul da Europa tem sido muito afetada. O objetivo desta comunicação é
apresentar os conhecimentos mais recentes para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de
proteção das culturas mais eficazes, sob o compromisso de cumprimento dos princípios
da proteção integrada.
Until very recently, species of Drosophilidae, known as vinegar flies, were usually viewed as sentinel insects, warning us to the presence of damaged fruits or model insects in genetic studies in the lab. Nevertheless, in 2008, Drosophila suzukii, "spotted wing drosophila SWD" or, in Portuguese "drosófila-da-asa-manchada" was detected in Spain and almost simultaneously in the USA (mainland), and quickly spread and began to cause agricultural losses. Portugal was no exception. This species prefers healthy fruits since the ovipositor can pierce the fruits’ intact skin. The larvae feed on the fruits and the ovipositor hole allows the entrance of pathogens (secondary infections). Among the factors that have contributed to its pest status are: high fecundity and short life cycle (high number of generations per year) that promote high population growth; wide host range (soft fruit preference), cultivated and spontaneous plants, which promote re-infestation; high thermal tolerance (to low and high temperatures), that expands its geographical distribution; eggs inside the fruits, which hides the first stage of the infestation; increased production costs; reduction of the "shelf life" and difficulties in exportation. Despite the species preference for fresh and moist environments, the small fruits production at the southern Europe has been very affected economically. The main goal of this paper is to present the more recent knowledge for the development of crop protection strategies on an IPM basis.
Until very recently, species of Drosophilidae, known as vinegar flies, were usually viewed as sentinel insects, warning us to the presence of damaged fruits or model insects in genetic studies in the lab. Nevertheless, in 2008, Drosophila suzukii, "spotted wing drosophila SWD" or, in Portuguese "drosófila-da-asa-manchada" was detected in Spain and almost simultaneously in the USA (mainland), and quickly spread and began to cause agricultural losses. Portugal was no exception. This species prefers healthy fruits since the ovipositor can pierce the fruits’ intact skin. The larvae feed on the fruits and the ovipositor hole allows the entrance of pathogens (secondary infections). Among the factors that have contributed to its pest status are: high fecundity and short life cycle (high number of generations per year) that promote high population growth; wide host range (soft fruit preference), cultivated and spontaneous plants, which promote re-infestation; high thermal tolerance (to low and high temperatures), that expands its geographical distribution; eggs inside the fruits, which hides the first stage of the infestation; increased production costs; reduction of the "shelf life" and difficulties in exportation. Despite the species preference for fresh and moist environments, the small fruits production at the southern Europe has been very affected economically. The main goal of this paper is to present the more recent knowledge for the development of crop protection strategies on an IPM basis.
Description
Keywords
Pequenos frutos Proteção integrada Drosophila suzuki
Citation
Mateus, C.; Teixeira, R.; Godinho, M.C. & Figueiredo (2016). Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura): que perspetivas de controlo desta praga à luz dos últimos conhecimentos? V Colóquio Nacional da Produção de Pequenos Frutos: actas. 133-148
Publisher
Associação Portuguesa de Horticultura