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Quitosano como componente bioestimulante em nanofertilizantes
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O desenvolvimento de alternativas aos fertilizantes convencionais tem vindo a ganhar destaque nos últimos anos. A necessidade de alimentar a crescente população mundial, as premissas de sustentabilidade a que o mundo se propõe e a necessidade efetiva de combater os efeitos das alterações climáticas, são precursores desta mudança, a par dos preços galopantes que se têm verificado nos inputs de produção. Assim, o desenvolvimento de nanofertilizantes surge como uma oportunidade para o setor agrícola, numa lógica de solução-à-medida e de precisão de aplicação.
A inclusão de substâncias bioestimulantes nas formulações deve ser considerada, a fim de aumentar a resistência e a resiliência das culturas aos efeitos das alterações antropogénicas, que já se fazem sentir e que irão piorar nos próximos anos.
O quitosano é um polissacarídeo, biocompatível e biodegradável que tem sido utilizado como veículo para outros compostos agrícolas devido às suas propriedades biodegradáveis e não tóxicas.
A maior parte da quitina comercial, da qual o quitosano é derivado, é produzida a partir de resíduos de camarões, gambas e caranguejos. Este composto é apontado como tendo efeito bioestimulante para o sistema imunitário das culturas, promovendo efeitos antifúngicos, antivirais, bionematicidas e o reforço de enzimas catalisadoras. Vários estudos relataram melhorias no solo após a sua utilização, como a maior retenção de água e remoção de metais pesados, mas também efeitos benéficos na qualidade da água, pelo controlo de contaminação por algas. Uma vez que as preparações de quitosano são distintas de estudo para estudo, e a componente fitotoxicológica é muitas vezes inexistente, este estudo teve como objetivo alcançar uma formulação de quitosano a ser utilizado em pellets nanofertilizantes e aferir o seu efeito na germinação de Lepidium sativum L.
Os ensaios de germinação utilizando Lepidium sativum L., são realizados de acordo com a norma europeia EN 16086-2, onde o índice de comprimento das raízes e o índice de vitalidade de Munoo Liisa são determinados, permitindo qualificar o nível de fitotoxicidade ou o efeito bioestimulante do composto. Neste estudo são realizados dois tratamentos e feita a comparação com o controlo. Em cada modalidade, foram colocadas dez sementes sobre um papel filtro, em placas de Petri de 9 cm de diâmetro e em quadruplicado. Adicionaram-se 3 mL de solução e incubaram-se as placas a 25 ± 2 °C, durante 72 h. As imagens foram tratadas com o software “Image J” e realizou-se a análise de variância a 1 fator, sendo a comparação múltipla de médias realizada através do teste de Tukey (p<0,05).
Não é expectável encontrar efeito fitotóxico do composto, mas sim confirmar o efeito bioestimulante do quitosano, utilizado na presente forma, para incorporar o design final dos pellets nanofertilizantes em desenvolvimento.
The development of alternatives to conventional fertilizers has been gaining momentum in recent years. The need to feed the growing world population, the premises of sustainability that the world proposes and the effective need to combat the effects of climate change, are precursors of this change, along with the galloping prices that have been registered in production inputs. Thus, the development of nanofertilizers appears as an opportunity for the agricultural sector, in a logic of tailor-made solution and precision of application. The inclusion of biostimulants must be considered in order to increase the resistance and resilience of crops to the effects of anthropogenic changes, which are already being felt and will become worse in the coming years. Chitosan is a biodegradable, biocompatible polysaccharide that has been used as a carrier for other agricultural compounds due to its biodegradable and non-toxic properties. Most commercial chitin, from which chitosan is derived, is produced from shrimp, prawn and crab waste. This compound is reported to have a biostimulant effect on crop immune systems, promoting antifungal, antiviral, bionematicidal effects and enhancing catalytic enzymes. Several studies have reported soil improvements after its use, such as increased water retention and removal of heavy metals, but also beneficial effects on water quality by controlling algal contamination. Since chitosan preparations are distinct from study to study, and the phytotoxicological component is often lacking, this study aimed to achieve a formulation of chitosan to be used in nano fertilizer pellets and to assess the effect on the germination of Lepidium sativum L. Germination tests using Lepidium sativum L., are carried out according to the European standard EN 16086-2, where the root length index and the Munoo-Liisa vitality index are determined, allowing to qualify the level of phytotoxicity or the biostimulant effect of the compound. Two treatments are tested and compared with the control. In each mode, ten seeds were placed on a filter paper, in Petri dishes of 9 cm diameter and in quadruplicate. Then, 3 mL of solution are added and the petri dishes go to incubation at 25 ± 2 °C during 72 h. The images are treated with the software "Image J" and the analysis of variance was performed at 1 factor, being the multiple comparison of means obtained through the Tukey test (p<0.05). It is not expected to find phytotoxic effect of the compound, but rather to confirm the biostimulant effect of chitosan, used in the present form, to incorporate in the final design of the nanofertilizer pellets under development.
The development of alternatives to conventional fertilizers has been gaining momentum in recent years. The need to feed the growing world population, the premises of sustainability that the world proposes and the effective need to combat the effects of climate change, are precursors of this change, along with the galloping prices that have been registered in production inputs. Thus, the development of nanofertilizers appears as an opportunity for the agricultural sector, in a logic of tailor-made solution and precision of application. The inclusion of biostimulants must be considered in order to increase the resistance and resilience of crops to the effects of anthropogenic changes, which are already being felt and will become worse in the coming years. Chitosan is a biodegradable, biocompatible polysaccharide that has been used as a carrier for other agricultural compounds due to its biodegradable and non-toxic properties. Most commercial chitin, from which chitosan is derived, is produced from shrimp, prawn and crab waste. This compound is reported to have a biostimulant effect on crop immune systems, promoting antifungal, antiviral, bionematicidal effects and enhancing catalytic enzymes. Several studies have reported soil improvements after its use, such as increased water retention and removal of heavy metals, but also beneficial effects on water quality by controlling algal contamination. Since chitosan preparations are distinct from study to study, and the phytotoxicological component is often lacking, this study aimed to achieve a formulation of chitosan to be used in nano fertilizer pellets and to assess the effect on the germination of Lepidium sativum L. Germination tests using Lepidium sativum L., are carried out according to the European standard EN 16086-2, where the root length index and the Munoo-Liisa vitality index are determined, allowing to qualify the level of phytotoxicity or the biostimulant effect of the compound. Two treatments are tested and compared with the control. In each mode, ten seeds were placed on a filter paper, in Petri dishes of 9 cm diameter and in quadruplicate. Then, 3 mL of solution are added and the petri dishes go to incubation at 25 ± 2 °C during 72 h. The images are treated with the software "Image J" and the analysis of variance was performed at 1 factor, being the multiple comparison of means obtained through the Tukey test (p<0.05). It is not expected to find phytotoxic effect of the compound, but rather to confirm the biostimulant effect of chitosan, used in the present form, to incorporate in the final design of the nanofertilizer pellets under development.
Description
Comunicação em painel
Keywords
agrião bioestimulador fertilizantes fitotoxicidade biostimulator fertilizers phytotoxicity watercress
Citation
Saraiva, R.C.; Ferreira, Q.; Rodrigues, G.C. & Oliveira, M. (2023). Quitosano como componente bioestimulante em nanofertilizantes. Ata de resumos da Conferência Impact Science’23, Revista da UI_IPSantarém. 11(3), 43-45. https://doi.org/10.25746/ruiips.v11.i3.32436
Publisher
Unidade de Investigação do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém