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Padrão de atividade física na gravidez e no pós-parto: revisão sistemática e análise duma população portuguesa.
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Atualmente, os benefícios do exercício físico para a saúde mental e física
durante a gravidez tem vindo a ganhar cada vez mais importância.
O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo efetuar uma revisão
sistemática, de forma a compilar, sintetizar e identificar a tendência dos resultados dos
estudos sobre o Padrão de Atividade Física na gravidez e no pós-parto. Outro objetivo
deste estudo foi analisar a opinião da mulher grávida acerca da sua conduta
relativamente à atividade física, através da aplicação de um questionário.
A pesquisa de literatura permitiu incluir 30 estudos publicados a partir do ano
2000. Para o segundo objetivo, a amostra foi constituída por 73 mulheres, com idades
compreendidas entre os 22 e os 40 anos (31,36±4,012 anos), na condição de pós-parto (3 a 6 meses) e residentes na região de Tomar, Torres Novas, Torres Vedras,
Santarém, Rio Maior, Mafra, Lisboa e Cascais.
No que diz respeito à revisão sistemática, para avaliar a qualidade
metodológica dos estudos, foi utilizada a Checklist for Measuring Quality proposta por
Downs e Black (1998), enquanto que, para analisar os dados recolhidos através do
questionário, recorreu-se à estatística descritiva.
Os resultados da revisão sistemática indicaram que a gravidez leva à
diminuição da prática de atividade física. As mulheres nulíparas, com ensino superior,
mais ativas antes da gravidez, com maior poder económico e sendo caucasianas,
tinham uma maior probabilidade de serem mais ativas durante a gravidez.
Relativamente ao segundo estudo, a caminhada é a atividade física mais
recomendada pelos médicos e a mais praticada pelas mulheres durante a gravidez. A
maioria da amostra não manteve nem iniciou um programa de exercícios físicos,
devido à falta de tempo, ter um baixo poder económico e não ter indicação médica.
Estas informações, sobre os padrões e as determinantes da atividade física
durante esta fase especial da vida, poderão ser pertinentes e contribuir para elaborar
programas de exercícios físicos mais seguros e adequados às capacidades e
limitações das grávidas e das mulheres durante o pós-parto.
Currently, the benefits of exercise for mental and physical health during pregnancy have been gaining more and more importance. This study aimed to perform a systematic review in order to compile, synthesize and identify the trend of the results of studies on the pattern of Physical Activity in Pregnancy and Postpartum. Another objective of this study was to analyze the opinion of the pregnant woman about their conduct in relation to physical activity through the questionnaire of "Physical Activity and Health in Pregnancy and Postpartum". Literature searches allowed in our sample include 30 studies published since 2000. For the second objective, the sample consisted of 73 women, aged between 22 and 40 years (31.36 ± 4.012 years), provided postpartum (3-6 months) and living in the center. Regarding the systematic review to assess the methodological quality of the studies it was used the Measuring Quality Checklist proposed by Downs & Black (1998), while for analyzing the data collected through the questionnaire, we used descriptive statistics. The results of the systematic review indicated that pregnancy leads to decreased physical activity. Nulliparous women with higher education, more active before pregnancy, with greater economic power and being Caucasian, were more likely to be more active during pregnancy. For the second study, walking is a physical activity recommended by more doctors and more practiced by women throughout pregnancy. The majority of the sample did not maintain nor initiated an exercise program due to lack of time, have a low economic power and have no medical indication. This information on the patterns and determinants of physical activity during this particular stage of life may be relevant and contribute to develop safer exercise programs safer and more appropriate to the capabilities and limitations of pregnant women and women during the postpartum period.
Currently, the benefits of exercise for mental and physical health during pregnancy have been gaining more and more importance. This study aimed to perform a systematic review in order to compile, synthesize and identify the trend of the results of studies on the pattern of Physical Activity in Pregnancy and Postpartum. Another objective of this study was to analyze the opinion of the pregnant woman about their conduct in relation to physical activity through the questionnaire of "Physical Activity and Health in Pregnancy and Postpartum". Literature searches allowed in our sample include 30 studies published since 2000. For the second objective, the sample consisted of 73 women, aged between 22 and 40 years (31.36 ± 4.012 years), provided postpartum (3-6 months) and living in the center. Regarding the systematic review to assess the methodological quality of the studies it was used the Measuring Quality Checklist proposed by Downs & Black (1998), while for analyzing the data collected through the questionnaire, we used descriptive statistics. The results of the systematic review indicated that pregnancy leads to decreased physical activity. Nulliparous women with higher education, more active before pregnancy, with greater economic power and being Caucasian, were more likely to be more active during pregnancy. For the second study, walking is a physical activity recommended by more doctors and more practiced by women throughout pregnancy. The majority of the sample did not maintain nor initiated an exercise program due to lack of time, have a low economic power and have no medical indication. This information on the patterns and determinants of physical activity during this particular stage of life may be relevant and contribute to develop safer exercise programs safer and more appropriate to the capabilities and limitations of pregnant women and women during the postpartum period.
Description
Dissertação com vista a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Atividade Física em Populações Especiais. Orientadora: Doutora Rita Alexandra Prior Falhas Santos Rocha
Keywords
Grávidas Atividade Física Pós-Parto Padrões Determinantes Pregnant Women Physical Activity Postpartum Patterns Determinants