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Pequenos artistas: a arte como meio para o empenhamento e construção humana
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Abstract(s)
O presente relatório de investigação apresentado incide no trabalho desenvolvido ao longo da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada em contextos de Creche e de Jardim de Infância na cidade de Santarém.
No decorrer desse período, várias foram as questões que foram surgindo e, a certa altura, constatando que a Educação Artística é essencial para o desenvolvimento global do ser humano, considerámos que esta dever-se-á implementar desde a primeira infância e contemplar todos os graus de ensino do percurso escolar. Para responder a este facto, implementámos um projeto (“A floresta: do real ao imaginário”) visando a abordagem de algumas formas de Arte a crianças com idades compreendidas entre os três e os seis anos num jardim de infância da rede pública de Santarém, cujo principal objetivo era o desenvolvimento de capacidades criativas e imaginativas, valorizando quer a dimensão lúdica, quer a dimensão artística do Jogo Dramático/Teatro e das Artes Visuais, essencialmente.
De forma a que o Projeto de intervenção se tornasse num objeto de estudo e também num instrumento de reflexão sobre uma prática pedagógica, a investigação-ação teve um caráter descritivo, baseado numa metodologia do tipo qualitativo. As entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas à Educadora Cooperante e ao grupo de crianças com quem foi implementado o Projeto, possibilitaram, a par da observação direta e dos registos diários, dar resposta aos objetivos que pretendíamos alcançar com esta investigação: compreender o impacto que o Projeto teve no grupo, perceber a relevância da Educação Artística para as crianças, assim como a relevância que lhe é atribuída pelos/as educadores/as e, ainda, compreender de que modo é que as Artes poderão contribuir para aumentar os níveis de envolvimento e bem-estar das crianças. De modo a alargarmos essas conclusões, foram ainda realizadas mais três entrevistas semiestruturadas a Educadoras de Infância, evidenciando existir algumas lacunas no que diz respeito à dimensão artística das Artes e ao próprio conhecimento sobre cada linguagem artística mas reconhecendo a sua importância para o desenvolvimento de diversas capacidades nas crianças.
Por fim, sustentámos as conclusões do nosso estudo baseando-nos nas investigações de diversos autores consagrados, evidenciando o papel da Educação Artística para o desenvolvimento pleno do ser humano. Mas, para que este desenvolvimento seja possível, é essencial que a criança esteja motivada e envolvida na atividade. As Artes são, por si só, excelentes indutores de motivação e envolvimento. Cabe ao/à Educador/a proporcionar a cada criança momentos artísticos onde a dimensão lúdica e a dimensão artística sejam sempre contemplados.
The present investigation report is about the work developed in Supervised Teaching Practice in Nursery and Kindergarten contexts, in the city of Santarém. Several questions appeared in that period. It was verified that Artistic Education is essential to the global development of the human being, whereby it should be implemented since early childhood and over all the school years. Taking this into account, it was implemented a project (“The forest: of the real to the imaginary”) in which some forms of Art were approached with children between three and six years old, in a public Kindergarten of Santarém. The main goal was to develop creative and imaginative skills while valuing the dimensions of play and art in Dramatic Play/Theatre and Visual Arts. The investigation/action had a descriptive character, based on a qualitative methodology, to allow it to become a study object and also a reflection tool about pedagogical practice. Semi structured interviews were made to the Cooperative Teacher and to the children with which the Project was implemented. These, along with directobservation and daily records, made possible to achieve the established purposes of the investigation: to comprehend the importance of the Project for the group; to understand the relevance of Artistic Education for children and the relevance attributed to it by Teachers; and, at last, to grasp how the Arts can add to higher levels of envelopment and well-being of children. Three Kindergarten Teachers were also interviewed to allow extended conclusions. They showed some lack of knowledge about the artistic dimension of the Arts and each artistic language, but recognized the importance of the Arts for the development of numerous skills in children. The conclusions of our study were supported by the investigations of several well-established author, showing the relevance of Artistic Education to the full development of the human being. Yet it is necessary for the child to be motivated and involved in the activity to make this development possible. The Arts by themselves are great in creating motivation and involvement. The Teacher should provide artistic moments, with dimensions of play and art, to each child.
The present investigation report is about the work developed in Supervised Teaching Practice in Nursery and Kindergarten contexts, in the city of Santarém. Several questions appeared in that period. It was verified that Artistic Education is essential to the global development of the human being, whereby it should be implemented since early childhood and over all the school years. Taking this into account, it was implemented a project (“The forest: of the real to the imaginary”) in which some forms of Art were approached with children between three and six years old, in a public Kindergarten of Santarém. The main goal was to develop creative and imaginative skills while valuing the dimensions of play and art in Dramatic Play/Theatre and Visual Arts. The investigation/action had a descriptive character, based on a qualitative methodology, to allow it to become a study object and also a reflection tool about pedagogical practice. Semi structured interviews were made to the Cooperative Teacher and to the children with which the Project was implemented. These, along with directobservation and daily records, made possible to achieve the established purposes of the investigation: to comprehend the importance of the Project for the group; to understand the relevance of Artistic Education for children and the relevance attributed to it by Teachers; and, at last, to grasp how the Arts can add to higher levels of envelopment and well-being of children. Three Kindergarten Teachers were also interviewed to allow extended conclusions. They showed some lack of knowledge about the artistic dimension of the Arts and each artistic language, but recognized the importance of the Arts for the development of numerous skills in children. The conclusions of our study were supported by the investigations of several well-established author, showing the relevance of Artistic Education to the full development of the human being. Yet it is necessary for the child to be motivated and involved in the activity to make this development possible. The Arts by themselves are great in creating motivation and involvement. The Teacher should provide artistic moments, with dimensions of play and art, to each child.
Description
Relatório Final apresentado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Pré-Escolar
Keywords
envolvimento motivação articulação educação pela arte linguagens artísticas involvement motivation articulation education through art artistic languages