Artigos em revistas internacionais - ESDRM
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- Comparison of official and friendly matches through acceleration, deceleration and metabolic power measures: a full-season study in professional soccer playersPublication . Nobari, Hadi; Khalili, Sara Mahmoudzadeh; Oliveira, Rafael; Castillo-Rodríguez, Alfonso; Pérez-Gómez, Jorge; Ardigò, Luca PaoloSoccer is a popular team sport and highly demanding activity that requires high effort and long-term training plans. The goals of this study were to compare the accelerations, decelerations and metabolic power between official and friendly full matches, between the first and second halves of the matches, and between both halves of official and friendly matches. Twelve professional soccer players (age, 28.6 ± 2.7 years; height, 182.1 ± 8.6 cm; body mass, 75.3 ± 8.2 kg; BMI, 22.6 ± 0.7 kg/m2) participated in this study. A total of 33 official and 10 friendly matches were analyzed from the Iranian Premier League. All matches were monitored using GPSPORTS systems Pty Ltd. The following variables were selected: total duration of the matches, metabolic power, accelerations Zone1 (<2 m·s-2) (AccZ1), accelerations Zone2 (2 to 4 m·s-2) (AccZ2), accelerations Zone3 (>4 m·s-2) (AccZ3), decelerations Zone1 (<-2 m·s-2) (DecZ1), decelerations Zone2 (-2 to -4 m·s-2) (DecZ2) and decelerations Zone3 (>-4 m·s-2) (DecZ3). The major finding was shown in metabolic power, where higher values occurred in friendly matches (p < 0.05 with small effect size). Furthermore, total duration, AccZ3, DecZ1, DecZ2, and DecZ3 were revealed to be higher in official matches, while AccZ1 and AccZ2 were higher in friendly matches. The second half of the official matches revealed higher values for total duration compared to friendly matches (p < 0.05, moderate effect size). In conclusion, this study observed higher values of metabolic power in friendly matches compared to official matches. AccZ3, DecZ1, DecZ2, and DecZ3 were higher in official matches, while AccZ1 and AccZ2 were higher in friendly matches.
- Comparisons of accelerometer variables training monotony and strain of starters and non-starters: a full-season study in professional soccer playersPublication . Nobari, Hadi; Oliveira, Rafael; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Adsuar, Jose Carmelo; Pérez-Gómez, Jorge; Carlos-Vivas, Jorge; Brito, JoãoThe purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) to describe weekly average values for training monotony (TM) and training strain (TS) and their variations across the full soccer season, based on the number of accelerations and decelerations; (2) to analyze the di erences between starter and non-starter players on weekly average TM and TS values for the pre-season and three in-season periods. In total, 21 professional soccer players were evaluated over 48 weeks during the full-season. The TM and TS were calculated based on the number of accelerations and decelerations at zone 1, zone 2 and zone 3, respectively. The results revealed that starters presented higher values compared to non-starters throughout the full season for all variables analyzed (all, p < 0.05). Generally, there were higher values in the pre-season. Specifically, accelerations at zones 1, 2 and 3 revealed moderate to very large significance of the starters compared to non-starters over the full-season. Decelerations at zone 1, 2 and 3 presented moderate to nearly optimally significant greater weekly averages for starters compared to non-starters during the full season. In conclusion, the TM and TS values were higher for starters compared to non-starters through the full-season, which confirms that the training session does not provide a su cient load to non-starter soccer players during the full-season.
- Comparisons of external load variables among periods, playing status, and positions in professional soccer team: a case studyPublication . Nobari, Hadi; Barjaste, Amir; Martins, Alexandre Duarte; Oliveira, RafaelThe aims of this study were to compare weekly variations of training monotony (TM) and training strain (TS) among peri ods of the season, playing status and playing positions in professional soccer athletes. Nineteen male professional soccer players were monitored daily over a 43-week period for their total distance, sprint distance ( . 23 km h21 ), acceleration (Acc, . 4ms22 ), and decelerations numbers (Dec, . 24ms22 ). Players were divided in groups of 10 starters and 9 non-starters; and by three central defenders (CD), four wide defenders (WD), four central midfielders (CM), four wide midfielders (WM), and four strikers (ST). Season data was divided in pre-, early-, mid-, and end-season. There were signifi cant differences for TM through sprint distance between playing positions in mid- and full-season. In mid-season, sprint distance was meaningfully greater for CD than WD (p = 0.006; g = 1.74 [0.06, 3.95]), CM (p = 0.002; g = 2.04 [0.28, 4.46]), WM (p = 0.005; g = 1.78 [0.09, 4.02]), and ST (p = 0.002; g = 2.05 [0.28, 4.46]). Regarding full-season, TM of sprint distance was significantly greater for CD than WD (p = 0.031; g = 1.59 [20.04, 3.73]), CM (p = 0.011; g = 1.83 [0.13, 4.11]), and ST (p = 0.023; g = 1.52 [20.10, 3.59]). The study revealed that TM and TS of sprint distance in mid-season was meaningfully greater for CD than for WD, CM, WM, and ST. No differences between starters and non-starters were found.
- Do contextual factors influence running and accelerometry GPS based variables in professional women soccer players? A case study about the effect of match location and resultPublication . Oliveira, Rafael; Ceylan, Halil İbrahim; Fernandes, Renato; Morgans, Ryland; Nobari, Hadi; Nalha, Matilde; Brito, JoãoThe aims of this study were to compare external match load between home and away matches as well as the result of the match (win, draw, and loss). The secondary aim was to quantify external training load that preceded the next match taking into account both match location and result. Ten elite women soccer players participated in the study (age 24.66 ± 2.3 years). Seven home and seven away matches in which four wins, three draws, and seven losses occurred. The following global positioning system (GPS) metrics were analyzed: duration, total distance, high-speed running distance (HSR, > 15 km/h), number of accelerations (ACC) and decelerations (DEC), average speed, and player load. There were no significant differences between match results and match locations. Regarding comparisons of training data preceding different match results, only duration and player load did not differ while HSR, number of ACC and DEC showed to be higher when the next match was a loss (p < 0.05, moderate to very large effect). Regarding comparisons of training data preceding different match locations, only duration, total distance, and player load did not differ while HSR, average speed, number of ACC and DEC in all zones were higher when the next match was at home (p < 0.05, moderate to very large effect). In conclusion, this study showed that match result and location did not have a significant effect on GPS metrics exhibited during match-day. However, training data influenced the contextual factors of the next match which should be considered when planning training session.
- Reference values for external and internal training intensity monitoring in professional male soccer players: a systematic reviewPublication . Oliveira, Rafael; Martins, Alexandre; Moreno-Villanueva, Adrián; Brito, João; Nalha, Matilde; Rico-González, Markel; Clemente, Filipe ManuelOne of the possibilities for organising different studies and providing some reference values or benchmarks is to summarise all information. Such a possibility could help coaches and practitioners identify typical values based on specific conditions and eventually use benchmark values to compare players against The current systematic review was carried out to identify and summarise studies that have examined external and internal training intensity monitoring and to provide references values for the main measures in professional male soccer players. A systematic review of EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. From the 2404 studies initially identified, 25 were fully reviewed, and their outcome measures were extracted and analysed. From these, the following range intervals by overall team were found: session rated perceived exertion (s-RPE) = 26–936 AU, total distance = 2143–9540 m and distance >14 km/h = 410–1884 m, distance >18 km/h = 7–541 m, distance >24 km/h = 1–190 m, acceleration number >3 m.s−2 = 9–195, deceleration number >-3 m.s−2 = 10–157 and player load = 310–774 AU. Additionally, range intervals for player positions and a match-day minus approach were provided. This study provided reference values of professional male players for the main internal and external intensity measures. Altogether, they can be used by coaches, their staff, or practitioners to achieve desired competitive levels. They can replicate such values or even increase the numbers presented in training sessions.
- Variations of accelerometer and metabolic power global positioning system variables across a soccer season: a within-group study for starters and non-startersPublication . Nobari, Hadi; Oliveira, Rafael; Siahkouhian, Marefat; Pérez-Gómez, Jorge; Cazan, Florin; Ardigò, Luca PaoloThe aims of this study were to analyze the within‐group weekly metabolic power average (wMPA), weekly acceleration zones (wAcZ), and weekly deceleration zones (wDcZ), in starter and non‐starter professional soccer players, based on different periods of the full season (pre‐, early‐, mid‐, and end‐season). Twenty‐one professional soccer players (age, 28.3 ± 3.8 years; height, 181.2 ± 7.1 cm; body mass, 74.5 ± 7.7 kg; BMI, 22.6 ± 1.0 kg∙m2) were monitored during the full season in the highest level of the Iranian Premier League. WMPA, wAcZ, and wDcZ at three different zones (wAcZ1, wAcZ2, wAcZ3, wDcZ1, wDcZ2, wDcZ3) were collected using Global Positioning System. ANOVA was applied to analyze within‐group changes across the different periods of the full season. In general, starters presented higher values in the beginning of the season (pre‐ and early‐season) and lower values at mid‐ and end‐season. Specifically, starters showed significant differences in early‐ vs. mid‐season for wMPA, wAcZ1, and wDcZ1 (p < 0.05), plus early‐ vs. end‐season for wMPA and wAcZ1 (p < 0.01). In addition, non‐starters showed higher values in the pre‐season that decreased until the end‐season for wMPA, wAcZ1, and wDcZ1. Regarding wAcZ2, wDcZ2, wAcZ3, and wDcZ3, non‐starters presented higher values in early‐season that decreased until the end‐season. Specifically, non‐starters showed significant differences in pre‐ vs. mid‐season for wMPA, wAcZ1, and wDcZ1; pre‐ vs. end‐season for wMPA, wDcZ1, wDccZ2, and wDcZ3; early‐ vs. midseason for wMPA, wAcZ1, wDcZ1, wAcZ2, and wDccZ2; early‐ vs. end‐season for wMPA, wAcZ1, wDcZ1, wAcZ2 wDccZ2, wAcZ3, and wDcZ3; and mid‐ vs. end‐season for wMPA, wAcZ1, and wAcZ3 (p < 0.05). In conclusion, starters were revealed to have higher values in pre‐ and earlyseason, and lower values in mid‐ to end‐season, while non‐starters were revealed to have lower load values in pre‐ and end‐season and higher load values in early‐ and mid‐season. This study provides extra insights over the season for starters and non‐starters, respectively. Data can be used by coaches to better training periodization across soccer season.
- Variations of High-Intensity GPS Derived Measures between Playing Status during a Full Soccer Season in a Professional Male TeamPublication . Nobari, Hadi; Gholizadeh, Roghayyeh; Martins, Alexandre Duarte; Vega, Ricardo De la; Oliveira, RafaelThis study’s aim was twofold: (i) to compare starters and non-starters on a professional soccer team in terms of variations in training intensity indexes across a season, calculated through total distance, sprint distance, accelerations (Acc), and decelerations (Dec) and (ii) to analyse the relationship between the intensity indexes for each playing status. Methods: Nineteen players (age, 29.4 ± 4.4 years; height, 1.8 ± 0.1 m; body mass, 74.8 ± 2.3 kg) were divided into starters and non-starters and followed for 43 weeks using global positioning systems. Results: Training intensity measures (acute:chronic workload ratio [ACWR], coupled and uncoupled) were higher during the latter stage of the season. Total distance peaked during the mid-season, whereas the highest value for exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) was recorded later in the season. Interestingly, the EMWA of total distance showed little variation during the season for players of both playing statuses. The EWMA of total distance showed a significant higher value for starters than non-starters (p = 0.036; g = 1.27 [0.31, 2.32]). The interruption in games between week 34 and week 35 due to COVID-19 moved some measures into the injury risk zone — namely, the ACWR coupled of sprint distance and Dec; the ACWR uncoupled of total distance, sprint distance, Acc, Dec; and the EWMA of sprint distance, Acc and Dec. Conclusions: The highest training intensity measures were reported late in the season and were similar between starters and non-starters. Across the season, only one difference between starters and non-starters occurred, revealing that training intensity was properly managed throughout the season regardless of the status of the players.
- Win, Draw, or Lose? Global positioning system-based variables’ effect on the match outcome: a full-season study on an iranian professional soccer teamPublication . Nobari, Hadi; Banoocy, Norbert Keshish; Oliveira, Rafael; Pérez-Gómez, JorgeThe aim of the study was to determine the between‐match and between‐halves match variability of various Global Positioning System (GPS) variables and metabolic power average (MPA) in competitions, based on the match results obtained by professional soccer players over a full season. Observations on individual match performance measures were undertaken on thirteen outfield players competing in the Iranian Premier League. The measures selected for analysis included total duration, accelerations in zones (AccZ1, 2, and 3), decelerations in zones (DecZ1, 2, and 3), and MPA collected by the Wearable Inertial Measurement Unit (WIMU). The GPS manufacturer set the thresholds for the variables analyzed as follows: AccZ1 (<2 m.s−2); AccZ2 (2 to 4 m.s−2); AccZ3 (>4 m.s−2); DecZ1 (<−2 m.s−2); DecZ2 (−2 to −4 m.s−2); DecZ3 (>−4 m.s−2). The results revealed significant differences between wins and draws for the duration of the match and draws compared to wins for the first‐ half duration (p ≤ 0.05; ES = 0.36 [−0.43,1.12]), (p ≤ 0.05; ES = −7.0 [−8.78, −4.78], respectively. There were significant differences on AccZ1 during the first‐half between draws and defeats (p ≤ 0.05; ES = −0.43 [−1.32,0.46]), for AccZ3 in the second‐half between draws and defeats (p ≤ 0.05; ES = 1.37 [0.48,2.25]). In addition, there were significant differences between wins and draws (p ≤ 0.05; ES = 0.22 [−0.62,1.10]), and wins and defeats for MPA in the firsthalf (p ≤ 0.05; ES = 0.34 [−0.65,1.22]). MPA showed further differences between draws and defeats in the second‐ half (p ≤ 0.05; ES = 0.57 [−0.22,1.35]). Descriptive analysis revealed differences between the first and second half for wins in AccZ2 (p = 0.005), DecZ2 (p = 0.029), and MPA (p = 0.048). In addition, draws showed significant differences between the first and second half in duration, AccZ1, AccZ2, and DecZ2 (p = 0.008), (p = 0.017), (p = 0.040), and (p = 0.037) respectively. Defeats showed differences between the first and second half in AccZ1, AccZ3, and MPA (p = 0.001), (p = 0.018), and (p = 0.003) respectively. In summary, the study reveals large variations between the match duration, accelerometer variables, and MPA both within and between matches. Regardless of the match outcome, the first half seems to produce greater outputs. The results should be considered when performing a half‐time re‐warm‐up, as this may be an additional factor influencing the drop in the intensity markers in the second half in conjunction with factors such as fatigue, pacing strategies, and other contextual variables that may influence the results.