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- A systematic review on dry-land strength and conditioning training on swimming performancePublication . Amaro, Nuno; Morouço, Pedro; Marques, M.C.; Batalha, N.; Neiva, H.; Marinho, D.A.Objectives. — The objective of this review was to examine the effects of dry-land strength and conditioning (S&C) training on swimming, and starts and turns performances. News. — S&C training is a common practice in swimming aiming to enhance performance or to prevent injuries. However, studies regarding the effects of S&C on swimming performance are scarce; the influence of age, gender or competitive level is even scarcer. Prospects and projects. — After a structured literature search, sixteen studies were included in the current review. Of those, seven did not report any positive or negative effects on swimming performance. Contrarily, most studies with positive effects were conducted with older swimmers whereas maximal strength was the most effective methodology for improving swimming performance. S&C plyometric training is suggested to be the most effective method to improve starts and turns. Future Randomized Controlled Trials should be conducted to explore the effects of S&C induced by age and gender, on different swimming distances and techniques, and long-term training effects. Conclusion. — It is recommended that S&C training should be based on maximal strength, ranging from six to twelve weeks of 2 to 4 sessions per week (approximately 24 sessions altogether). In each session, coaches should vary from 2 to 3 sets and 3 to 5 repetitions, according to prescribed intensity. Rest intervals should range between 2 to 5 minutes and the intensity should be from 80 to 90% of 1RM. Particularly regarding improving starts and turns, a S&C training regime ranging from 6 to 8 weeks and with 2 sessions per week is suggested. In each session, swimmers should perform between 1 and 6 sets and 1 and 10 repetitions, according to the established intensity. Rest between sets should range from 60 to 90 seconds. The swimmers in the included studies are mostly men which do not allow to say if the recommendations made are gender-dependent.
- Sport injuries in Portuguese female and male karateka: a retrospective studyPublication . VencesBrito, António M.; Rodrigues-Ferreira, Mário; Castro, Maria Antonio; Polak, Ewa; Valente, Eduardo Jorge; Romero, Felix; Figueiredo, AbelBackground. Karate is a combat sport in which, as in all sports, there are risk factors that lead to injuries to its practitioners. Problem and Aim. Little is known about injuries in Portuguese karateka. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the type and incidence of injury in both female and male Portuguese karate practitioners. Material and Methods. The sample was composed of 490 karate practitioners from nine different karate styles, 105 females and 385 males. In this retrospective study a questionnaire of morbidity was applied, in which participants recorded their demographic data and injury episodes occurring in the last three sports seasons. Results. Of the full sample, 51.8% (n=254) reported one or more injuries. No statistical differences were found between the sexes. Most frequent injuries were fractures (16.1%) and trauma (15.6%) in both sexes and occurred in the lower limb (64.3% in females and 52.0% in males). The mechanism responsible for most of injuries in females were falls (12.5%), while in males it was punch actions (10.3%). Injuries were reported as moderate to severe, causing inactivity of practice of between 8 and 21 days and higher, respectively. Most injuries occurred in the preparatory period (63.6% females, males 53.2%), and mainly occurred in training (85.5% in females and 84.5% in males). Conclusions. Coaches should analyse the specificity of the gender training process to prevent the appearance of injuries, and increase the use of preventive processes, such as the use of protection or practice in place, and with safe equipment.
- A Brief Review on Processes for Cartilage RepairPublication . Moura, Carla; Santos-Rocha, RA; Franco, Susana; Malça, Cândida; Galhano, Cristina; Henriques, Marta; Morouço, PedroThe aim of the present review was to highlight some of the available processes for cartilage repair and regeneration. Considering the high impact that cartilage degeneration has in the quality of life, in an aging society, efforts to promote better treatments are crucial. The current available processes have advantages and drawbacks, that should be further investigated, aiming to obtain tailored and successful repair. Finally, some suggestions for tissue engineering strategies are presented, so that the scientific community can debate pros and cons to be investigated.
- Fadiga e qualidade de vida em bailarinos profissionais de dança de salão no BrasilPublication . Cardoso, Allana; Martins Reis, Nycolle; Da Silva, Jaqueline; Borgatto, Adriano; Folle, Alexandra; Resende, Rui; Coutinho De Azevedo Guimarães, AdrianaObjetivou-se analisar a relação entre a qualidade de vida, a fadiga e as lesões em bailarinos brasileiros profissionais de dança de salão. Participaram 320 profissionais das cinco regiões do Brasil, sendo a coleta de dados realizada por meio de um questionário online autoaplicável acerca das informações gerais, WHOQOL-bref, Questionário de Fadiga de Yoshitake e Questionário de Identificação de Lesões em Bailarinos. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se a estatística descritiva, seguida da análise inferencial e do teste de Regressão Linear Múltipla. Os resultados demonstram que uma maior fadiga está associada a uma qualidade de vida negativa, evidenciando-se que, a cada valor a mais na fadiga total, espera-se que a qualidade de vida diminuísse 0.218 pontos no domínio físico; 0.226 pontos no domínio psicológico; 0.420 pontos no domínio social; e 0.304 pontos no domínio ambiental. Em contrapartida, a incidência e a intensidade de lesões não foram associadas com a qualidade de vida. Conclui-se que o contexto da dança de salão profissional pode influenciar tanto na presença de fadiga quanto na qualidade de vida. Sugere-se aos profissionais de saúde que atuam com estes bailarinos através de intervenções multifatoriais objetivando diminuir a fadiga, atenuando os efeitos desta na qualidade de vida
- Proceedings of the International Seminar of Physical Education, Leisure and Health,Publication . Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João; Martins, AlexandreThe aim of this study was to compare internal training load (ITL) of starters versus non-starters from the same under-17 soccer team. Rated of perceived exertion was collected and then multiplied by training or match duration (s-RPE) from twenty-three soccer players. The study analysed a total of 2 matches and 8 training sessions during the in-season with ANOVA with repeated measures. The main results showed higher values in pre-season for training duration (103.3 vs 90.0 min, p=0.000) in MD-5 and (103.7 vs 96.7 min, p>0.05) in MD-3 than in-season, but lower values for training duration (103.2 vs 112.0 min, p=0.013) in MD-4 and (84.0 vs 97.2 min, p=0.000) in MD-2 than in-season. s-RPE was higher in pre-season than inseason (725.5 vs 481.3 a.u., p=0.000) in MD-5 and (755.8 vs 655.2 a.u., p=0.031) in MD-3 but lower (705.2 vs 821.3 a.u., p=0.002) in MD-4 and (476.0 vs 559.0 a.u., p=0.020) in MD-2 than in-season. This study present relevant additional ITL data for pre-season and in-season that could be used to adjust periodization in under-17 soccer players.
- In-season internal training load quantification of an under-17 European male soccer team: Starters versus Non-startersPublication . Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João; Alexandre, MartinsThe aim of this study was to compare internal training load (ITL) of starters versus non-starters from the same under-17 soccer team. Rated of perceived exertion was collected and then multiplied by training or match duration (s-RPE) from twenty-three soccer players. The study analysed a total of 12 matches and 44 training sessions during the in-season with ANOVA with repeated measures. The main results showed that training duration presented significant differences between starters and non-starters for match-day minus 5 (MD-5, 80.6 vs 90.7 min, p=0.000) and match-day (MD, 64.2 vs 52.7 min, p=0.036), respectively. Regarding s-RPE, there were significant differences between starters and non-starters for MD-5 (442.4 vs 581.8 a.u., p=0.000) and MD (515.9 vs 366.1 a.u., p=0.000), respectively. This study present relevant additional ITL data for nonstarters in order to become a “starter player”
- Perceptions of Parenting Practices and Psychological Variables of Elite and Sub-Elite Youth AthletesPublication . Teques, Pedro; Calmeiro, Luis; Rosado, António; Silva, Carlos Manuel Marques; Serpa, SidónioDrawing from the model of parental involvement in sport, the overall purpose was to examine the associations of perceptions of parenting practices (encouragement, reinforcement, instruction, and role modeling) and athletes’ psychological variables (self-efficacy, social self-efficacy, self-regulation, and intrinsic motivation) of elite and sub-elite youth athletes. Participants were elite (n = 210) and sub-elite (n = 635) athletes aged between 14 and 18 years (Mage = 16.58, SD = 1.33). Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that young elite athletes’ perceptions of sport-related parenting practices are associated with their psychological skills and performance level in sport. Specifically, in comparison with their sub-elite peers, perceptions of parental encouragement had a significantly different strong effect on intrinsic motivation. Moreover, perceptions of parental modeling revealed different effects on performance level, as well as on intrinsic motivation, and self-regulation. These perceptions of parenting practices may promote a positive learning environment, resulting in an increased likelihood of achieving a high level of sport performance in comparison with their sub-elite peers.
- How best to quantify home advantage in team sports: an investigation involving male senior handball leagues in Portugal and Spain. [La mejor manera de cuantificar la ventaja de jugar en casa en deportes de equipo: una investigación con ligas de Balonmano senior masculino en Portugal y España]Publication . Matos, Rui; Amaro, Nuno; Pollard, RichardHome advantage (HA), or the effect of match location, has been shown to play an important role in determining the result of a game. A method introduced over 30 years ago has enjoyed wide use. However, there is a possible problem with its interpretation. Although this can be overcome by rescaling the original value for HA, this paper introduces a somewhat different approach to quantifying HA, one that is derived by expressing home performance specifically as a function of away performance. The various methods are illustrated by analyzing HA for teams in the men’s professional handball leagues in Portugal and Spain for the 2016-17 season. Results show that the traditional and rescaled methods both ensure a maximum value of 100% for HA, while the new method can produce values well above 100%. Also, when HA is small, as in the case of goals scored and conceded, then values from the new method are about twice those from the rescaled method. However, when HA is larger, as in the case of most of the teams in the lower half of the Spanish league table, when based on points, the new method produces HA values which are much higher that the rescaled. This method provides a new dimension to consider when trying to quantify HA. It has the advantage of also being appropriate for the difference between goals scored and goals conceded. Choice of methodology will depend on the specific objective being sought when studying the effect of HA on performance
- Processo de Pensamento dos Treinadores de Elite no Futebol: Fatores de Treino e Forma Desportiva.Publication . Carvalho, Gonçalo; Rodrigues, JoséO presente artigo é resultado de um estudo qualitativo, realizado com foco na problemática “Fatores de Treino no Futebol – Psicológicos, Físicos, Táticos e Técnicos e respetiva Forma Desportiva”. Na sua realização foram entrevistados dez treinadores, com experiência recente na Primeira e Segunda Ligas Portuguesas de Futebol Profissional. Os dados recolhidos foram tratados com recurso ao software MAXQDA 2018®. Da análise efetuada destaca-se que todos os participantes indicam trabalhar os fatores de treino de forma integrada, assumem a importância dos fatores psicológicos e objetivam uma forma desportiva constante. Somos levados a concluir que a abordagem aos fatores de treino relaciona-se com o processo de pensamento do treinador, traduzindo-se na planificação definida, nos pensamentos e decisões interativas, assim como nas suas crenças e reflexões.
- Task and ego goal orientation in ultimate frisbeePublication . Amoroso, José; Rebelo Gonçalves, Ricardo; Antunes, Raul; Furtado, Guilherme; Valente-dos-Santos, JoãoThe World Flying Disc Federation (WFDF) is the international sports federation responsible for world governance of flying disc (frisbee) sports, which includes: Ultimate, Beach Ultimate, Disc Golf, Freestyle, Guts, and Individual Events (WFDF, 2020). The 84 member associations reported 162,000 members in 2018 annual census. The largest national Member is the USA, followed by Canada, Australia, Germany, Great Britain, and Japan; 37.8% of the total players are women (WFDF, 2020). Disc sports continuum, spirit of the game, passion, community and inclusiveness are the values of WFDF (WFDF, 2020)