Browsing by Author "Martins, Alexandre Duarte"
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- Acute and chronic workload ratios of perceived exertion, global positioning system, and running-based variables between starters and non-starters: a male professional team studyPublication . Nobari, Hadi; Alijanpour, Nader; Martins, Alexandre Duarte; Oliveira, RafaelThe study aim was 2-fold (i) to describe and compare the in-season variations of acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR) coupled, ACWR uncoupled, and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) through session-rated perceived exertion (s-RPE), total distance (TD), high-speed running distance (HSRD), and sprint distance across different periods of a professional soccer season (early, mid, and end-season) between starters and non-starters; (ii) to analyze the relationship the aforementioned measures across different periods of the season for starters and non-starters. Twenty elite soccer players (mean±SD age, 29.4±4.4 y; height, 1.8±0.1m; and body mass, 74.8±2.3kg). They were divided into starter and non-starter groups and were evaluated for 20weeks. ACWR had general changes throughout the season. At the beginning and end of the mid-season, the highest ACWR was observed in three parameters: s-RPE, TD, and HSRD. ACWR and EWMA through sprint distance were higher at the beginning of the early-season than at any other time of the season. The ACWR coupled of s-RPE shows a significant higher value for non-starters than starters (p=0.015; g=−1.01 [−1.98, −0.09]) and the ACWR coupled of TD shows a significant higher value for starters than non-starters in early-season (p<0.01; g=3.01 [1.78, 4.46]) and shows a significant higher value for non-starters than starters in mid-season (p<0.01; g=−2.52 [−3.83, −1.39]), and end-season (p<0.01; g=−2.57 [−3.89, −1.43]). While the EWMA of TD shows a significant higher value for starters than non-starters in early season (p<0.01; g=2.25 [1.17, 3.49]) and mid-season (p<0.01; g=2.42 [1.31, 3.71]), and shows a significant higher value for non-starters than starters in end-season (p<0.01; g=−2.23 [−3.47, −1.16]). Additionally, we found some correlations between external and internal load measures during three periods of the in-season. The study’s main finding was that the indexes of ACWR and EWMA were useful to detect differences between period and between playing status with the exception for the sprint variable. In addition, the necessary work for non-starter players’ improvement is not done during training, and these players lose their readiness as the season progresses. Consequently, these players perform poorly during the match. Therefore, coaches and their staff should consider devising new activities to keep non-starter players physically fit. This deficit must be accounted for in training because they compete in fewer matches and have less burden than starters.
- Are acute:chronic workload ratios of perceived exertion and running based variables sensible to detect variations between player positions over the season? A soccer team studyPublication . Nobari, Hadi; Arslan, Ersan; Martins, Alexandre Duarte; Oliveira, RafaelBackground: The aim of this study was to describe and compare the in-season variations of acute: chronic workload ratio (ACWR) coupled, uncoupled, and exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) through session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE), total distance (TD), high-speed running distance (HSRD) and sprint distance (SPRINT) in three diferent periods of an elite soccer season according to player positions. Methods: Twenty male elite players (age: 29.4±4.4) from an Asian First League team were daily monitored for twenty consecutive weeks during the 2017–2018 in-season. Forty-seven trainings and twenty matches were moni tored using global positioning system units (GPS) to collect TD, HSRD and SPRINT. Through the collection of s-RPE, TD, HSRD, and SPRINT by ACWR and EWMA were calculated for each training session. Results: The results revealed that according to diferent periods of the season, workload measures observed in mid season were meaningfully higher compared with early-season (g=ranging from 0.53 to 4.98) except for EWMASPRINT. In general, wingers and strikers tended to have greater scores in workload measures compared to the defenders and midfelders (g=ranging from 0.41 to 5.42). Conclusions: These fndings may provide detailed information for coaches and sports scientists regarding the vari ations of acute and chronic workload ratio and external loading in-season and between player positions in an elite soccer team
- Comparisons of external load variables among periods, playing status, and positions in professional soccer team: a case studyPublication . Nobari, Hadi; Barjaste, Amir; Martins, Alexandre Duarte; Oliveira, RafaelThe aims of this study were to compare weekly variations of training monotony (TM) and training strain (TS) among peri ods of the season, playing status and playing positions in professional soccer athletes. Nineteen male professional soccer players were monitored daily over a 43-week period for their total distance, sprint distance ( . 23 km h21 ), acceleration (Acc, . 4ms22 ), and decelerations numbers (Dec, . 24ms22 ). Players were divided in groups of 10 starters and 9 non-starters; and by three central defenders (CD), four wide defenders (WD), four central midfielders (CM), four wide midfielders (WM), and four strikers (ST). Season data was divided in pre-, early-, mid-, and end-season. There were signifi cant differences for TM through sprint distance between playing positions in mid- and full-season. In mid-season, sprint distance was meaningfully greater for CD than WD (p = 0.006; g = 1.74 [0.06, 3.95]), CM (p = 0.002; g = 2.04 [0.28, 4.46]), WM (p = 0.005; g = 1.78 [0.09, 4.02]), and ST (p = 0.002; g = 2.05 [0.28, 4.46]). Regarding full-season, TM of sprint distance was significantly greater for CD than WD (p = 0.031; g = 1.59 [20.04, 3.73]), CM (p = 0.011; g = 1.83 [0.13, 4.11]), and ST (p = 0.023; g = 1.52 [20.10, 3.59]). The study revealed that TM and TS of sprint distance in mid-season was meaningfully greater for CD than for WD, CM, WM, and ST. No differences between starters and non-starters were found.
- Effects of Combined Training Programs in Individuals with Fibromyalgia: A Systematic ReviewPublication . Sousa, Mónica; Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João; Martins, Alexandre Duarte; MOUTÃO, JOÃO; Alves, SusanaFibromyalgia is a rheumatic disease characterised by chronic widespread muscular pain and its treatment is carried out by pharmacological interventions. Physical exercise and a healthy lifestyle act as an important mechanism in reducing the symptoms of the disease. The aims of this study were to analyse and systematise the characteristics of combined training programs (i.e., type and duration of interventions, weekly frequency, duration and structure of training sessions and prescribed intensities) and to analyse their effects on people diagnosed with fibromyalgia. A systematic literature search was performed using the PRISMA method and then randomised controlled trial articles that met the eligibility criteria were selected. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale was used to assess the quality and risk of the studies. A total of 230 articles were selected, and in the end, 13 articles met the defined criteria. The results showed different exercise interventions such as: combined training, high-intensity interval training, Tai Chi, aerobic exercise, body balance and strength training. In general, the different interventions were beneficial for decreasing physical symptoms and improving physical fitness and functional capacity. In conclusion, a minimum duration of 14 weeks is recommended for better benefits. Moreover, combined training programs were the most effective for this population, in order to reduce the symptoms of the disease with a duration between 60 and 90 min, three times a week with a light to moderate intensity
- Effects of exercise programs on phase angle in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysisPublication . Martins, Alexandre Duarte; Fernandes, Orlando; Oliveira, Rafael; Bilro, Vitor; Lopes, Gabriel; Rego, António Maia; Parraça, José A.; Raimundo, Armando Manuel Mendonça; Brito, João PauloThe purpose of this study was to calculate the effects of exercise programs on phase angle (PhA) in older people. A systematic review was undertaken in multiple electronic databases in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement guidelines for the purposes of selecting randomized controlled trials that measured the effects of the exercise programs on PhA in older adults on 31 March 2022. We carried out a random-effect meta-analysis for the effects of exercise programs on PhA. Additionally, we analysed the differences between subgroups in terms of weekly frequency, number of sets and repetitions, and duration of interventions. Studies were methodological assessed through the PEDro scale where one had excellent, ten had good, and three had poor methodological quality. For the purposes of the study, fourteen studies met the criteria for in clusion. However, four studies did not have enough information to be included in the quantitative analysis. The remaining ten articles revealed moderate effects on PhA in favour of intervention groups (p=0.009, SMD=0.72 [0.46–0.99], I 2 =54%). The meta-analysis also showed that interventions lasting twelve weeks are more suc cessful in generating positive effects on PhA as opposed to eight weeks (SMD’s=0.79 vs. 0.64, respectively). These results indicate that resistance training (RT) is an effective and safe to improve PhA in the older people, especially through RT programs lasting from eight to twelve weeks. A novel finding of this study was that RT is the most used type of exercise by authors when assessing the PhA in older adults.
- In-season microcycle quantification of professional women soccer players—external, internal and wellness measuresPublication . Fernandes, Renato; Ceylan, Halil İbrahim; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Brito, João; Martins, Alexandre Duarte; Nobari, Hadi; Reis, Victor Machado; Oliveira, RafaelAlthough data currently exists pertaining to the intensity in the women’s football match, the knowledge about training is still scarce. Therefore, the aim of this study was to quantify external (locomotor activity) and internal (psychophysiological) intensities, as well as the wellness profile of the typical microcycle from professional female soccer players during the 2019/20 in-season. Ten players (24.6 ± 2.3 years) from an elite Portuguese women soccer team participated in this study. All variables were collected in 87 training session and 15 matches for analysis from the 2019–2020 in-season. Global positioning variables such total distance, high-speed running, acceleration, deceleration and player load were recorded as intensity while Rated Perceived Exertion (RPE) and session-RPE were recorded as internal measures. The Hooper Index (HI) was collected as a wellness parameter. The results showed that internal and external intensity measures were greater in matches compared to trainings during the week (match day minus [MD-], MD-5, MD-4, MD-2), p < 0.05 with very large effect size (ES). In the same line, higher internal and external intensity values were found in the beginning of the week while the lowest values were found in MD-2 (p < 0.05, with very large ES). Regarding wellness, there was no significant differences in the HI parameters between the training days and match days (p > 0.05). This study confirmed the highest intensity values during MD and the lowest on the training session before the MD (MD-2). Moreover, higher training intensities were found in the beginning of the training week sessions which were then reduced when the MD came close. Wellness parameters showed no variation when compared to intensity measures. This study confirmed the hypothesis regarding internal and external intensity but not regarding wellness.
- In-season quantification and relationship of external and internal intensity, sleep quality, and psychological or physical stressors of semi-professional soccer playersPublication . Nobari, Hadi; Gholizadeh, Roghayyeh; Martins, Alexandre Duarte; Badicu, Georgian; Oliveira, Rafael: The purpose of this study was two-fold: (a) to describe and analyse the relationship of the in-season variations of external and internal intensity metrics as well as well-being measures across different periods of a semi-professional soccer season (early-, mid- and end-season); and (b) to describe training monotony (TM) and training strain (TS) for 20 weeks in a semi-professional soccer season. Eighteen semi-professional players (age: 29 ± 4.1) from the Asian First League team participated in this study. The players were monitored for 20 consecutive weeks during in-season for external training intensity, internal training intensity and well-being parameters. The in-season was organized into three periods: early-season (weeks 1–7); mid-season (weeks 8–13); and end-season (weeks 14–20). Total distance (TD), high-speed running distance (HSRD), sprint distance, rate of perceived exertion (RPE), session-RPE (s-RPE), TM, TS, heart rate average and maximum, as well as sleep quality, stress and muscle soreness were collected. Results revealed that TD, HSRD and sprint distance (total values) were meaningfully greater during end-season than in the early-season. RPE showed a significantly highest value during the end-season (4.27 AU) than in early- (3.68 AU) and mid-season (3.65 AU), p < 0.01. TS showed significant differences between early-season with mid-season (p = 0.011) and end-season (p < 0.01), and the highest value occurred in week 17 during end-season (6656.51 AU), while the lowest value occurred in week 4 during early-season (797.17 AU). The average TD periods showed a moderate to large correlation with RPE, sleep and s-RPE at early-, mid- and end-season. Increasing the training intensity without considering the well-being of the players affects the performance of the team. Examining processes of the relationship between training intensity and other psychological indicators among players will probably be effective in training planning. Sports coaches and fitness professionals should be wary of changes in TM and TS that affect players performance. Therefore, to better control the training, more consideration should be given by the coaches.
- Seasonal variations of the relationships between measures of training monotony and strain in professional soccer playersPublication . Nobari, Hadi; Martins, Alexandre Duarte; Oliveira, Rafael; Paolo Ardigò, LucaThe purposes of this study were (a) to determine the variations in internal and external measures of training monotony (TM) and strain (TS) in professional soccer players according to periods of the season and playing positions, and (b) to analyze the relationships between internal and external measures of TM and TS. Twenty male professional players (age= 29.4 ± 4.4 years) were followed for 20 weeks through session rating of perceived exertion (s-RPE), total distance (TD), high-speed running distance (HSRD) and sprint distance (SpD). Regardless of measure, highest mean TM and TS scores were observed in mid-season and end-season. In general, wingers and strikers tended to have greater values in TM. Midfelders exhibited greater TS of TD and SpD. Correlation results for TM revealed that s-RPE was positively associated with SpD in early-season (r= 0.608) and negatively associated in mid season (r = − 0.506). Regarding the TS, result demonstrated that s-RPE is negatively associated with HSRD in early-season (r= − 0.464) and positively associated in mid-season (r= 0.476). In general, there diferent meanings in correlations between internal and external measures across the season. On the one hand, our fndings highlighted that TM and TS of professional soccer players is sensitive to period of the season and player’s position, but on other hand, correlation analyses proved that changes in one external/internal measure does not cause changes in another external/internal measure which support the constant monitoring of these values across the season
- The effects of high-speed resistance training on health outcomes in independent older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysisPublication . Martins, Alexandre Duarte; Fernandes, Orlando; Pereira, Ana; Oliveira, Rafael; Alderete Goñi, Franco David; Leite, Nilton João Chantre; Brito, João PauloHuman ageing involves several physiological impairments—in particular, a decrease in sensorimotor function and changes in the nervous system reduce muscle strength, power, balance, and functional capacity performance. Preventive strategies are essential to ensure the quality of life of the elderly. High-speed resistance training (HSRT) may be an effective approach to muscle power development in this population, with significant short-term effects on neural adaptations and muscle power production. Therefore, the present study intends to analyze and systematize the studies focused on HSRT interventions and their effects on health outcomes in independent older adults. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Scielo) were used for the purposes of searching randomized controlled trials that measured at least one key outcome measure focusing on velocity-based training and health outcomes in older adults on 7 March 2022 and identified 1950 studies. At the end of the process, fourteen studies were included in this systematic review and ten studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The main results showed that HSRT interventions would improve health measures, mostly cognitive function (large effects, p = 0.001, SMD = 0.94), neuromuscular function (moderate effects, p = 0.003, SMD = 0.70), and physical function (moderate effects, p = 0.04, SMD = 0.55 and p = 0.009, SMD = −0.59). Additionally, the results sug gested that interventions with ten weeks or more, performed three times a week, provide significant improvements in neuromuscular function. In this sense, HSRT is effective for improving overall health outcomes in older adults. Future studies should include proper follow-ups (e.g., minimum six months) to assess the durability of HSRT intervention effects on all health-related variables.
- Variations of distance and accelerometry-based GPS measures and their influence on body composition in professional women soccer playersPublication . Fernandes, Renato; Martins, Alexandre Duarte; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Brito, João; Nobari, Hadi; Reis, Victor; Oliveira, RafaelExternal intensity quantification and body composition assessments across the season allow soccer coaches to adjust the intensity during training sessions, thereby avoiding excessive fatigue and helping players maximize their physical fitness status during matches. Thus, the aims of this study were (1) to describe variations in external intensity periods of distance and accelerometry-based measures across the early and mid-competitive phases and (2) to analyze whether the intensity variations influenced body composition across the 2019/20 competitive season. Ten players from a Portuguese BPI Ligue team (professional league) participated in this study. The participants completed ≥80% of 57 training sessions and 13 matches. The athletes were assessed in three phases (before the start of the season, after 2 months, and after 4 months) for the following variables: body fat mass, soft lean mass, fat-free mass, intracellular water, extracellular water, total body water, and phase angle (50 kHz) through bioelectrical impedance analysis (InBody S10). A 10-Hz GPS device (PlayerTek) was used to collect distance and accelerometry-based measures, which included total distance, high-speed running distance, sprint distance, acceleration, deceleration, and player load. Repeated-measures analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with GPS-derived measures as covariates or repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the three moments of assessment. Although the patterns of variables’ responses were not the same as the season progressed, the values of body fat mass, fat-free mass, intracellular water, extracellular water, total body water, ratios of ECW/TBW, ECW/ICW, and phase angle improved. Variations in external intensity measures seem to influence the body composition variables across the season. These results may indicate good adaptations to the training and conditioning strategies managed by the coach and technical staff.