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Atividade física e saúde:benefícios de um programa combinado de exercício com visualização mental em doentes com Parkinson
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A prática regular e estruturada de atividade física (AF) pode contribuir com benefícios a
nível físico, psicológico e cognitivo na Doença de Parkinson (DP). Adicionar ao treino
físico a prática mental é amplamente vantajoso, porque permite ao doente de Parkinson
treinar com sucesso tarefas em que, habitualmente, apresenta graves dificuldades,
contribuindo não só para uma correta aprendizagem, como também para a sua
autorrealização. Assim, constitui-se como objetivo da presente investigação, averiguar o
impacto de um programa de exercício, isolado ou combinado com visualização mental
(VM), na perceção de qualidade de vida, nos estados de humor, na severidade de
sintomas depressivos e na capacidade motora de Doentes de Parkinson. Participaram no
estudo 4 indivíduos com Doença de Parkinson, que se enquadravam entre os estágios 1
e 1,5 da escala de Hohen e Yahr, 2 praticaram somente exercício físico (grupo 1), os
outros 2 completaram treino combinado (grupo 2). Para ambos os grupos, as sessões de
exercício tinham a duração de 1 hora e realizavam-se 3 vezes por semana, ao longo de
12 semanas. Contemplavam sempre 30 minutos de atividade aeróbia, 10 minutos de
treino de força e 10 minutos de treino de flexibilidade. A prática de visualização mental
acontecia 2 vezes por semana, só para o grupo 2, em sessões de aproximada de 45
minutos. Para avaliar a eficácia da intervenção foi utilizado o Inventário de Depressão
de Beck (BDI), o Perfil de Estados de Humor (POMS), o Questionário para a Doença de
Parkinson (PDQ-39) e o Teste de Tempo para Levantar e Sentar (TUG). Com base nos
resultados do nosso estudo, verificámos que a prática de exercício físico regular e de
intensidade moderada teve um efeito positivo na perceção de qualidade de vida, na
intensidade de sintomas depressivos, nos estados de humor e na capacidade motora dos
participantes, pois, verificou-se melhorias nos dois grupos. Quando combinada com a
prática de VM, os resultados foram mais marcantes. Verificou-se uma diferença de
valores mais acentuada, entre a avaliação inicial (A1) e final (A3), no grupo que
integrou o programa de exercício combinado com VM (grupo 2).
The regular and structured practice of physical activity can contribute with physical, psychological and cognitive benefits for Parkinson’s disease. Adding to the mental practice the physical training it is widely gratifying, because it allows the patient with Parkinson to successfully train tasks in which he usually shows dramatic difficulties, contributing not only to the correct motor learning, but also to their self-esteem. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of an exercise programme, with or without motor imagery, in the perception of life quality, mood states, intensity of depressive symptoms, and in the motor impairment of patients with Parkinson. This study was comprised of 4 participants with Parkinson’s disease, in Hoehn and Yahr stages 1 through 1,5. Physical therapy was applied only to 2 participants (group 1), whereas the combined therapy, joining exercise and motor imagery, was applied to the remaining 2 (group 2). Exercises for both groups were applied during 1-h sessions held three times a week for 12 weeks. These sessions always included 30 minutes of aerobic activity, 10 minutes of strength training, and 10 minutes of flexibility training. Motor imagery therapy was applied twice a week, only for group 2, during 45 minutes sessions. To measure the effectiveness of the intervention was used the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), the Profile of Mood States (POMS), the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), and the Timed to Up and Go Test (TUG). The results of the study show that regular and moderate intensity physical activity has a positive effect on the perception of life quality, severity of depressive symptoms, mood states, and motor impairment on both groups. Once combined with motor imagery therapy, the results were even better. A stronger difference in value was observed between the initial (A1) and final (A3) evaluations, on the combined therapy group (group 2).
The regular and structured practice of physical activity can contribute with physical, psychological and cognitive benefits for Parkinson’s disease. Adding to the mental practice the physical training it is widely gratifying, because it allows the patient with Parkinson to successfully train tasks in which he usually shows dramatic difficulties, contributing not only to the correct motor learning, but also to their self-esteem. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of an exercise programme, with or without motor imagery, in the perception of life quality, mood states, intensity of depressive symptoms, and in the motor impairment of patients with Parkinson. This study was comprised of 4 participants with Parkinson’s disease, in Hoehn and Yahr stages 1 through 1,5. Physical therapy was applied only to 2 participants (group 1), whereas the combined therapy, joining exercise and motor imagery, was applied to the remaining 2 (group 2). Exercises for both groups were applied during 1-h sessions held three times a week for 12 weeks. These sessions always included 30 minutes of aerobic activity, 10 minutes of strength training, and 10 minutes of flexibility training. Motor imagery therapy was applied twice a week, only for group 2, during 45 minutes sessions. To measure the effectiveness of the intervention was used the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), the Profile of Mood States (POMS), the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), and the Timed to Up and Go Test (TUG). The results of the study show that regular and moderate intensity physical activity has a positive effect on the perception of life quality, severity of depressive symptoms, mood states, and motor impairment on both groups. Once combined with motor imagery therapy, the results were even better. A stronger difference in value was observed between the initial (A1) and final (A3) evaluations, on the combined therapy group (group 2).
Description
Projeto de Investigação apresentado para a obtenção do grau de
Mestre em Psicologia do Desporto e do Exercício
Keywords
exercício físico bem-estar doença de parkinson saúde visualização mental exercise health motor imagery parkinson’s disease well-being