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Estudo sobre o Continuum de Auto-determinação, Percepção de sucesso e Integração no Grupo em Contexto de Equipas de Futebol
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
RESUMO
A teoria da auto-determinação e a teoria de objectivos de realização têm
contribuído de forma relevante para a compreensão dos padrões cognitivos,
comportamentais e emocionais relacionados com a realização dos participantes
em contexto desportivo (Calvo, Marcos, Miguel, Castuera, & Gimeno, 2008; 2007).
Vallerand (2007) refere que os factores sociais presentes num contexto específico,
tal como no futebol, podem ser a base da motivação para esse contexto. Nesse
sentido, o presente estudo assenta nos seguintes objectivos: 1) analisar possíveis
diferenças entre as variáveis motivação, percepção de sucesso e integração no
grupo em função do escalão e do estatuto; 2) analisar as relações entre as
variáveis motivação, percepção de sucesso e integração no grupo.
Participaram no estudo 198 futebolistas com idades compreendidas entre os
15 e os 32 anos. Os atletas foram avaliados através dos seguintes instrumentos:
Questionário de Ambiente de Grupo (QAG), Questionário da Percepção de
Sucesso (POSQ) e Questionário do Continuum de Auto-determinação (QCA).
Os resultados obtidos no estudo comparativo demonstraram que o escalão
de rendimento apresenta níveis significativamente mais elevados de motivação
extrínseca por regulação introjectada que o escalão da formação (sig. =.017,
p≤.05). Relativamente ao estatuto, os resultados demonstraram que, em ambos os
escalões, os suplentes apresentam níveis significativos mais baixos de integração
de grupo (sig. =.032, p≤.05).
Os resultados obtidos no estudo correlacional demonstraram que os níveis
mais elevados de auto-determinação estão significativamente relacionados de
forma positiva com a percepção de sucesso orientada para a tarefa (MI: r=.20,
p≤.01) e que níveis de desmotivação relacionam-se negativamente com a
integração no grupo (IG-S e AMOT: r=-.21, p ≤.01; IG-T e AMOT: r=-.18, p≤.05).
Concluímos que o contexto com características mais competitivas pode
afectar negativamente a motivação dos jogadores, e que o estatuto dos jogadores
explica a forma como os atletas percepcionam o grupo como um todo.
ABSTRACT The self-determination theory and the theory of achievement goals have contributed significantly to the understanding of a cognitive, behavioral and emotional connection with the performance of participants in sports context (Calvo, Marcos, Miguel, Castuera, & Gimeno, 2008). Vallerand (2007) says that social factors which are present in a specific context, as in football, can be the basis of motivation for this context. So, the present study is based on the following objectives: 1) examine possible differences between the variables motivation, perception of success and group integration as a function of level and status, 2) analyze the relationships between the variables motivation, perception of success and group integration. The sample was constituted by 198 football players, between the ages of 15 and 32 years, who filled in and completed the following tools: Environment Group Questionnaire (GEQ), Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) and Self-determination‟s Continuum Questionnaire (SCQ). The results obtained in the comparative study showed that the level of income have significantly higher levels of extrinsic motivation introjected than the level of training (sig.=.017, p≤.05). As regards the status, the results showed that in both levels, the alternates have significantly lower levels of integration group (sig.=.032, p≤.05). On the correlation study the results showed that higher levels of self-determination are significantly positively related to the perception of success-oriented task (MI: r=. 20, p≤.01) and levels of motivation are related negatively with the group integration (IG-S and AMOT: r=-.21, p≤.01; AMOT and IG-T: r=-.18, p≤.05). We conclude that the context with the most competitive features can adversely affect the motivation of players, and the status of players explains how athletes perceive the group as a whole.
ABSTRACT The self-determination theory and the theory of achievement goals have contributed significantly to the understanding of a cognitive, behavioral and emotional connection with the performance of participants in sports context (Calvo, Marcos, Miguel, Castuera, & Gimeno, 2008). Vallerand (2007) says that social factors which are present in a specific context, as in football, can be the basis of motivation for this context. So, the present study is based on the following objectives: 1) examine possible differences between the variables motivation, perception of success and group integration as a function of level and status, 2) analyze the relationships between the variables motivation, perception of success and group integration. The sample was constituted by 198 football players, between the ages of 15 and 32 years, who filled in and completed the following tools: Environment Group Questionnaire (GEQ), Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) and Self-determination‟s Continuum Questionnaire (SCQ). The results obtained in the comparative study showed that the level of income have significantly higher levels of extrinsic motivation introjected than the level of training (sig.=.017, p≤.05). As regards the status, the results showed that in both levels, the alternates have significantly lower levels of integration group (sig.=.032, p≤.05). On the correlation study the results showed that higher levels of self-determination are significantly positively related to the perception of success-oriented task (MI: r=. 20, p≤.01) and levels of motivation are related negatively with the group integration (IG-S and AMOT: r=-.21, p≤.01; AMOT and IG-T: r=-.18, p≤.05). We conclude that the context with the most competitive features can adversely affect the motivation of players, and the status of players explains how athletes perceive the group as a whole.
Description
Dissertação de Mestrado com vista à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia do Desporto e do Exercício. Orientadora: Professora Doutora Carla Chicau Borrego.
Keywords
Futebol Continuum de Auto-determinação Percepção de Sucesso Integração no Grupo Football Self-determination‟s Continuum Perception of Success Integration into the Group