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Caracterização fisiológica, biomecânica e morfológica em ciclistas
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Abstract(s)
Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar os dados fisiológicos de ciclistas juniores de
alto nível com ciclistas amadores competitivos e ciclistas profissionais com o mesmo
protocolo. A amostra foi constituída por três grupos (jovens, amadores e profissionais)
cada um com 10 atletas (N = 30). O protocolo utilizado para comparar os dados
fisiológicos foi um teste de níveis de esforço de cinco minutos de incremento em watts,
iniciado em 150 watts, 200 watts, 250 watts, 300 watts, 350 watts, 400 watts, 450 watts.
Ao final de cada cinco minutos, recolhemos amostras de sangue para o lactato sanguíneo
e avaliamos vários parâmetros, como frequência cardíaca, cadência da pedalada, escala
subjetiva de esforço, watts médios e watts máximos. Teoricamente, os ciclistas
profissionais, pela sua maturidade e por estarem no auge de suas capacidades físicas, são
superiores tanto no limiar anaeróbio e aeróbico quanto na relação peso/potência. Como
resultado na variável W/kg foram encontradas apenas diferenças entre amadores e
profissionais, ꭕ2 KW (2) = 7,814; p = 0,020. Com relação ao lactato, foram encontradas
diferenças entre os profissionais -juniores para níveis de 200 W (ꭕ2 KW (2) = 9,641; p =
0,008); 250 W (ꭕ2 KW (2) = 9,991; p = 0,007) e para 300 W ( ꭕ2 KW (2) = 13,079; p =
0,001). Para o limiar aeróbio, o teste K-W de (ꭕ2 KW (2) = 10.400; p = 0,006) detetou
diferenças entre profissionais-juniores (p= 0,037) e profissionais-amadores (p = 0,008).
Quanto ao limiar anaeróbio, só registámos diferenças entre juniores e profissionais para
p = 0,001. Para as correlações no grupo júnior, verificou-se que existe uma correlação
forte e significativa (r = 0,821; p = 0,004) entre o determinante do desempenho P/Kg e o
número de horas de treino, bem como uma correlação entre o limiar aeróbio e número de
quilômetros percorridos por semana (r = 0,654; r = 0,002). Para o grupo amador, a única
correlação foi detetada entre limiar aeróbio e intensidade de treino (r = 0,840; p = 0,002).
Não houve correlações entre as variáveis no grupo de profissionais. Concluímos que os
juniores desta amostra ainda apresentam um desempenho fisiológico inferior aos seus
pares profissionais.
This study aimed to compare the physiological data of junior high-level cyclists with competitive amateur cyclists and professional cyclists with the same protocol. The sample was constituted by three groups (juniors, amateurs, and professional) each with 10 athletes (N = 30). The protocol used to compare the physiological data was a five-minute effort levels test of increment in watts, started at 150 watts, 200 watts, 250watts, 300watts, 350watts, 400watts, 450watts. At the end of each five minutes, we took blood samples for the blood lactate and collected several parameters such as heart rate, pedaling cadence, subjective effort scale, average watts, and maximum watts. Theoretically, professional cyclists, due to their maturity and being at the peak of their physical capacities, are superior both in terms of anaerobic and aerobic threshold and in terms of weight/power ratio. As a result in the variable W/kg only differences were found between amateurs and professionals, ꭕ2 KW (2) = 7,814; p = 0,020. With regard to lactate, differences were found between junior-professionals for levels of 200 W (ꭕ2 KW (2) = 9,641; p = 0,008) 250 W (ꭕ2 KW (2) = 9,991; p = 0,007) and for 300 W (ꭕ2 KW (2) = 13,079; p = 0,001). For the aerobic threshold, the K-W test of (ꭕ2 KW (2)= 10.400; p = 0.006) detected differences between junior-professionals (p= 0.037) and amateur-professionals (p = 0.008). As for the anaerobic threshold, we only recorded differences between junior and professionals for p = 0.001. For the correlations in the junior group, it was found that there is a strong and significant correlation (r = 0.821; p = 0.004) between the performance determinant W/Kg and the number of hours of training, as well as a correlation between the aerobic threshold and the number of kilometers performed per week (r = 0.654; r = 0.002). For the amateur group, the only correlation was detected between aerobic threshold and training intensity (r = 0.840; p = 0.002). There were no correlations between variables in the group of professionals. We conclude that the juniors of this sample still have lower physiological performance than their professional peers.
This study aimed to compare the physiological data of junior high-level cyclists with competitive amateur cyclists and professional cyclists with the same protocol. The sample was constituted by three groups (juniors, amateurs, and professional) each with 10 athletes (N = 30). The protocol used to compare the physiological data was a five-minute effort levels test of increment in watts, started at 150 watts, 200 watts, 250watts, 300watts, 350watts, 400watts, 450watts. At the end of each five minutes, we took blood samples for the blood lactate and collected several parameters such as heart rate, pedaling cadence, subjective effort scale, average watts, and maximum watts. Theoretically, professional cyclists, due to their maturity and being at the peak of their physical capacities, are superior both in terms of anaerobic and aerobic threshold and in terms of weight/power ratio. As a result in the variable W/kg only differences were found between amateurs and professionals, ꭕ2 KW (2) = 7,814; p = 0,020. With regard to lactate, differences were found between junior-professionals for levels of 200 W (ꭕ2 KW (2) = 9,641; p = 0,008) 250 W (ꭕ2 KW (2) = 9,991; p = 0,007) and for 300 W (ꭕ2 KW (2) = 13,079; p = 0,001). For the aerobic threshold, the K-W test of (ꭕ2 KW (2)= 10.400; p = 0.006) detected differences between junior-professionals (p= 0.037) and amateur-professionals (p = 0.008). As for the anaerobic threshold, we only recorded differences between junior and professionals for p = 0.001. For the correlations in the junior group, it was found that there is a strong and significant correlation (r = 0.821; p = 0.004) between the performance determinant W/Kg and the number of hours of training, as well as a correlation between the aerobic threshold and the number of kilometers performed per week (r = 0.654; r = 0.002). For the amateur group, the only correlation was detected between aerobic threshold and training intensity (r = 0.840; p = 0.002). There were no correlations between variables in the group of professionals. We conclude that the juniors of this sample still have lower physiological performance than their professional peers.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de mestre em Desporto - Atividades desportivas para crianças
Keywords
ciclismo níveis juniores desempenho fisiológico limiares de exercício cycling junior levels physiological performance exercise thresholds