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Efeitos do estabelecimento de objetivos e da visualização mental na marcação da grande penalidade
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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O propósito desta investigação foi examinar se a aplicação de
programas de treino mental, constituídos por estabelecimento de objetivos e
visualização mental, assim como a sua combinação, tem um papel
diferenciador na melhoria da marcação da grande penalidade no futebol.
Participaram 50 atletas do sexo masculino do escalão de juvenis com
idades compreendidas entre os 15 e os 17 anos (M=16,16 ; DP=0,71). Os
participantes de um total de cinco equipas, foram divididos aleatoriamente por
quatro grupos experimentais: (i) grupo de prática física (PF); (ii) grupo de
prática física e estabelecimento de objetivos (PF+EO); (iii) grupo de prática
física e visualização mental (PF+VM) e (iv) grupo de prática física, visualização
mental e estabelecimento de objetivos (PF+VM+EO) e um grupo de controlo
(GC). Todos os grupos experimentais realizaram o seu programa de treino,
num total de 10 sessões (5 semanas) com recurso à prática física, diferindo
apenas no programa de treino mental desenvolvido ou na sua ausência.
O rendimento na tarefa foi avaliado no início e no final do programa
através da marcação de 10 grandes penalidades por participante. A pontuação
obtida por grande penalidade variou entre os 3 e os 10 pontos, dependendo
das zonas de entrada da bola na baliza. Para análise das diferenças entre
grupos, recorremos à técnica não-paramétrica de Kruskal-wallis, bem como da
análise dos valores médios, mínimos e máximos e de desvio padrão obtidos.
Os resultados obtidos evidenciam um aumento de rendimento na tarefa
para todos os grupos submetidos aos programas de treino. No entanto, apenas
o grupo (PF+EO) apresentou diferenças significativas quando comparado com
o grupo de controlo.
The purpose of this research was to examine if the application of mental training programs consisting of goal setting, imagery and their combination play a role in improving the soccer penalty kick. The study involved 50 male athletes in the juvenile league aged between 15 and 17 years (M=16,16 ; DP=0,71). The participants of a total of five teams were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: physical practice group (PF); physical practice and goal setting group (PF+EO); physical practice and imagery group (PF+VM); physical practice, imagery and goal setting group (PF+VM+EO) and one control group (GC). All experimental groups performed a training program of 10 sessions (5 weeks) with physical practice and three of the four groups had additionally the mental training program. The task performance was evaluated at the beginning and end of the program, each consisted of 10 pennalty kicks per participant. The score was measured between 3 and 10 points, depending on the entry area of the ball. To analyze the differences between groups we used the non-parametric test of Kruskal-wallis as well as the analysis of averages, minimums and maximums and standard deviations. The results show an increase in task performance for all the groups that received training programs. However, only the group (PF + EO) showed significant differences when compared to the control group (CG).
The purpose of this research was to examine if the application of mental training programs consisting of goal setting, imagery and their combination play a role in improving the soccer penalty kick. The study involved 50 male athletes in the juvenile league aged between 15 and 17 years (M=16,16 ; DP=0,71). The participants of a total of five teams were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: physical practice group (PF); physical practice and goal setting group (PF+EO); physical practice and imagery group (PF+VM); physical practice, imagery and goal setting group (PF+VM+EO) and one control group (GC). All experimental groups performed a training program of 10 sessions (5 weeks) with physical practice and three of the four groups had additionally the mental training program. The task performance was evaluated at the beginning and end of the program, each consisted of 10 pennalty kicks per participant. The score was measured between 3 and 10 points, depending on the entry area of the ball. To analyze the differences between groups we used the non-parametric test of Kruskal-wallis as well as the analysis of averages, minimums and maximums and standard deviations. The results show an increase in task performance for all the groups that received training programs. However, only the group (PF + EO) showed significant differences when compared to the control group (CG).
Description
Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia do Desporto e do Exercício.Orientadores: Professora Doutora Carla Chicau Borrego e Professor Doutor Carlos Silva
Keywords
Estabelecimento de Objetivos Visualização Mental Grande penalidade Futebol Goal Setting imagery penalty kick soccer