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Velocidade Crítica Anaeróbia em Natação Pura Desportiva
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Abstract(s)
RESUMO
Diversos estudos têm sido realizados no sentido de determinar os fatores que melhor
predizem a performance em natação pura desportiva (NPD).
A literatura revela alguma divergência no conceito de velocidade crítica, explicada
pelos diferentes métodos para a sua determinação, particularmente no que diz
respeito às diferentes distâncias utilizadas. Com efeito, prevê-se igualmente essa
inconsistência para o conceito emergente de velocidade crítica anaeróbia (VCAn),
dado que o seu cálculo com distâncias mais curtas determinará um regime de esforço
claramente superior.
Deste modo, este trabalho terá como propósito estudar o significado do parâmetro
VCAn na natação pura desportiva, explorando diferentes distâncias para a sua
determinação. Será objetivo analisar a relação da VCAn com o desempenho do
nadador em distâncias iminentemente curtas (entre os 50 e os 150 m), bem como a
sua aplicabilidade como instrumento de avaliação e controlo anaeróbio. Foram
analisados 10 nadadores portugueses do sexo masculino, de nível nacional, juniores e
seniores (16,90 ± 2,56 anos), na técnica de crol. Para o cálculo da VCAn, os
nadadores realizaram 15m, 25m e 50m à velocidade máxima de nado, em piscina
longa. Foi avaliada a relação entre a VCAn e a velocidade de prova dos 100m livres e
parciais de 50m. Os valores médios da VCAn subestimaram a velocidade de prova em
6,33%. Foram encontradas relações significativas entre a VCAn, a velocidade de
prova nos 100 m livres, o 1º parcial de 50 m e 0 2º parcial de 50 m (r=0,83 e p≤0,05;
r=0,89 e p≤0,05; r=0,86 e p≤0,05).
Os valores elevados de concentração de lactato registados no teste de 150 m à VCAn
(10,21 mm.mol.l
-1
), parecem indicar que estamos perante uma série de treino
eminentemente anaeróbio.
Para complementar analisámos o comportamento de parâmetros cinemáticos e a
acumulação de lactato sanguíneo durante o nado à VCAn, pois o aumento da
distância nadada à VCAn altera a técnica de nado (1º percurso: FG: 0,72±0,08; DC:
1,15±0,13; IN: 1,84±0,26; VN: 1,60±0,09; np: 26,65±3,18; 2º percurso: FG: 0,65±0,05;
DC: 0,93±0,09; IN: 1,33±0,21; VN: 1,43±0,11; np: 25,87±2,69; 3º percurso: FG:
0,62±0,07; DC: 0,84±0,08; IN: 1,13±0,21; VN: 1,35±0,07; np: 25,46±4,46).
Os resultados parecem indicar a VCAn como um parâmetro anaeróbio de controlo do
treino e de predição do desempenho.
ABSTRACT Several studies have been carried out to determine factors which will predict better swimming sports performance. The literature reveals some divergence in the concept of critical speed, explained by the different methods for its determination, particularly regarding the different distances used. Indeed, this inconsistency is also forecasted in the emerging concept of anaerobic critical velocity (AnCV), since their calculation with shorter distances determines a clearly bigger effort system. This work aims to study the meaning of the AnCV parameter in pure swimming, exploring different distances for its determination. The objective will be analyzing the AnCV relation with the swimmers performance in imminent short distances (between 50 and 150 m), as well as its applicability as an evaluation instrument and anaerobic control. To complement we analyze the kinematics and lactates parameters, because the increase of [La -] changes the swimming technique. 10 national leveled male Portuguese swimmers have been analyzed in crawl technique, juniors and seniors, (16,90 ± 2,56 year olds) . For the AnCV calculation the swimmers made 15m, 25m and 50m in maximum speed, in Olympic swimming pool. The relation between the AnCV and the velocity proof of free 100m and partial 50m have been evaluated. The medium AnCV values underestimated the proof velocity in 6,33%. Significant relations between AnCV n and the velocity proof of free style 100m have been found, the 1 st partial of 50m and the 2 nd partial of 50m (r=0,83 e p≤0,05; r=0,89 e p≤0,05; r=0,86 e p≤0,05). The high registered lactate values in the 150m AnCV test (10,21 mm.mol.l -1 ) seem to indicate that we are in the presence of an imminently anaerobic training series. To complement we analyze the kinematics and lactates parameters, because the increase of AnCV swimming distance changes the swimming technique (1 st partial: FG: 0,72±0,08; DC: 1,15±0,13; IN: 1,84±0,26; VN: 1,60±0,09; np: 26,65±3,18; 2 nd partial: FG: 0,65±0,05; DC: 0,93±0,09; IN: 1,33±0,21; VN: 1,43±0,11; np: 25,87±2,69; 3 th partial: FG: 0,62±0,07; DC: 0,84±0,08; IN: 1,13±0,21; VN: 1,35±0,07; np: 25,46±4,46). The results seem to indicate the AnCV as an anaerobic parameter of training control and performance prediction. Key words: critical velocity, Anaerobic threshold, swimming
ABSTRACT Several studies have been carried out to determine factors which will predict better swimming sports performance. The literature reveals some divergence in the concept of critical speed, explained by the different methods for its determination, particularly regarding the different distances used. Indeed, this inconsistency is also forecasted in the emerging concept of anaerobic critical velocity (AnCV), since their calculation with shorter distances determines a clearly bigger effort system. This work aims to study the meaning of the AnCV parameter in pure swimming, exploring different distances for its determination. The objective will be analyzing the AnCV relation with the swimmers performance in imminent short distances (between 50 and 150 m), as well as its applicability as an evaluation instrument and anaerobic control. To complement we analyze the kinematics and lactates parameters, because the increase of [La -] changes the swimming technique. 10 national leveled male Portuguese swimmers have been analyzed in crawl technique, juniors and seniors, (16,90 ± 2,56 year olds) . For the AnCV calculation the swimmers made 15m, 25m and 50m in maximum speed, in Olympic swimming pool. The relation between the AnCV and the velocity proof of free 100m and partial 50m have been evaluated. The medium AnCV values underestimated the proof velocity in 6,33%. Significant relations between AnCV n and the velocity proof of free style 100m have been found, the 1 st partial of 50m and the 2 nd partial of 50m (r=0,83 e p≤0,05; r=0,89 e p≤0,05; r=0,86 e p≤0,05). The high registered lactate values in the 150m AnCV test (10,21 mm.mol.l -1 ) seem to indicate that we are in the presence of an imminently anaerobic training series. To complement we analyze the kinematics and lactates parameters, because the increase of AnCV swimming distance changes the swimming technique (1 st partial: FG: 0,72±0,08; DC: 1,15±0,13; IN: 1,84±0,26; VN: 1,60±0,09; np: 26,65±3,18; 2 nd partial: FG: 0,65±0,05; DC: 0,93±0,09; IN: 1,33±0,21; VN: 1,43±0,11; np: 25,87±2,69; 3 th partial: FG: 0,62±0,07; DC: 0,84±0,08; IN: 1,13±0,21; VN: 1,35±0,07; np: 25,46±4,46). The results seem to indicate the AnCV as an anaerobic parameter of training control and performance prediction. Key words: critical velocity, Anaerobic threshold, swimming
Description
Dissertação elaborada no âmbito do Mestrado em Desporto – Especialização em Treino Desportivo, na área da Natação, Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior. Orientador: Prof. Doutor Hugo Louro
Keywords
velocidade crítica limiar anaeróbio NPD Natação critical velocity Anaerobic threshold swimming
Citation
Publisher
Escola Superior de Desporto de Rio Maior