Publication
Avaliação de Competências Psicológicas e Imagem Corporal em Atletas de Diferentes Modalidades de Combate
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Authors
Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Resumo
Existe cada vez mais, um maior número de psicólogos do desporto que têm efetuado
estudos acerca dos fatores que afetam o rendimento desportivo, nomeadamente sobre as
características e as competências psicológicas dos atletas, pois estas podem contribuir para
que estes atletas alcancem um rendimento desportivo ótimo.
O presente estudo tem como titulo: “Avaliação de Competências Psicológicas e
Imagem Corporal em Atletas de Diferentes Modalidades de combate”, e tem como principal
objetivo caracterizar e comparar as Competências Psicológicas dos atletas em função das
variáveis sexo, nível competitivo e modalidade, bem como, analisar e comparar a Imagem
Corporal em função destas mesmas variáveis. Este estudo contou com uma amostra de 90
atletas (n=90), de ambos os sexos, dos escalões juniores e séniores, praticantes de Karate,
Taekwondo e Judo.
Tendo em vista os objetivos traçados, para avaliar as competências psicológicas e
Imagem Corporal dos atletas, utilizou-se a Escala de Avaliação de Competências Psicológicas
(OMSAT 3 – EACP) – Tradução e Adaptação – Carlos Silva, Filipa Dias e Patrício Timóteo
(ESDRM); o Questionário Sobre a Perceção do Sucesso no Desporto (POSQp) – Tradução e
Adaptação de António Fonseca e Glória Balagué (1996) do Perception of Sucess
Questionnaire (TEOSQ) de Roberts e Balagué (1989 e 1991); o Questionário de Imagem
Corporal – este questionário serve para avaliar o grau de distorção da imagem corporal nos
atletas; foi utilizado o Questionário Sobre o Corpo - BSQ (Body Shape Questionnaire),
validado por Di Pietro (2002); e o Inventário do Estado de Ansiedade Competitiva (CSAI - 2)
– tradução e Adaptação de Sidónio Serpa e Amândio Santos (1991) do Competitive State
Anxiety Inventory – 2 de Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump e Smith (1983).
Os resultados permitiram concluir que os atletas de ambos os sexos, de ambos os
níveis competitivos e modalidades são mais orientados para a tarefa do que para o ego.
Concluímos também que, tanto na perceção de ansiedade como na análise das
competências psicológicas a Autoconfiança apresenta valores superiores a todas as outras
dimensões.
Quanto à imagem corporal, o sexo feminino apresenta maior insatisfação com a
imagem corporal que o sexo masculino, assim como, os atletas de alto rendimento apresentam
maior insatisfação com a imagem corporal que os atletas de nível competitivo normal. Nas modalidades, os atletas de Judo apresentam maior insatisfação com a imagem corporal que os
de Taekwondo e Karate.
Por fim, no que diz respeito ao IMC, não existem diferenças significativas em
nenhuma das variáveis estudadas. Este acontecimento pode estar relacionado com o fato de os
atletas estudados pertencerem a modalidades onde têm que permanecer numa determinada
categoria de peso.
Concluímos, ainda, que para os atletas estudados, é de grande importância o treino
psicológico, para que a parte prática (física, técnica e tática) surta efeito, e consequentemente,
permita aos atletas a obtenção dos resultados pretendidos.
Abstract There´s an increasingly greater number of sports psychologists who have done studies on the factors that affect athletic performance, particularly on the athletes’ psychological characteristics and skills, as they may contribute to these athletes achieve an optimal sports performance. This study is titled: "Evaluation of psychological skills and body image in athletes of different modalities of fighting", and its main objective was to characterize and compare the psychological skills of athletes according to gender, competitive level and modality, as well as, to analyze and compare the body image in according with the same variables. This study involved a sample of 90 athletes (n=90), of both sexes, the junior and senior levels, practicing Karate, Taekwondo and Judo. Given the established objectives, to evaluate the psychological skills of athletes and their body image, we used the Scale of Psychological Assessment Skills (OMSAT 3 – EACP) - translation and adaptation – Carlos Silva, Filipa Dias and Patrício Timóteo (ESDRM); the Questionnaire on the perceptions of success in sport (POSQp) – translation and adaptation by António Fonseca and Glória Balagué (1996) from Perception of Success Questionnaire (TEOSQ) from Roberts and Balagué (1989 and 1991); the Body Image Questionnaire - this questionnaire is designed to evaluate the degree of distortion of athletes’ body image; we also used the Body Shape Questionnaire – BSQ , validated by Di Pietro (2002) and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory – 2 (CSAI – 2) , from Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump and Smith (1983) – translation and adaptation from Sidóneo Serpa and Amândio Santos (1991). The results showed that athletes of both sexes, both competitive levels and modalities are more task-oriented than for the ego. We also concluded, in both, the perception of anxiety and the analysis of psychological skills, the Self-confidence presents superior values than all other dimensions. As for body image, female exhibit greater dissatisfaction with body image than male, as well as, the high-performance athletes have greater dissatisfaction with body image, than athletes in competitive standard. Regarding to modalities, Judo athletes have greater dissatisfaction with body image than Taekwondo or Karate athletes.Finally, in respect to BMI (Body Mass Index), there’re no significant differences in any of the variables studied. This event may be related to the fact that the athletes studied belong to modalities, where they have to stay in a certain weight class. We concluded that, for the athletes studied, is very important the psychological training, so that the practical part (physical, technical and tactical) take effect, and consequently, allow the athletes to obtain the desired results.
Abstract There´s an increasingly greater number of sports psychologists who have done studies on the factors that affect athletic performance, particularly on the athletes’ psychological characteristics and skills, as they may contribute to these athletes achieve an optimal sports performance. This study is titled: "Evaluation of psychological skills and body image in athletes of different modalities of fighting", and its main objective was to characterize and compare the psychological skills of athletes according to gender, competitive level and modality, as well as, to analyze and compare the body image in according with the same variables. This study involved a sample of 90 athletes (n=90), of both sexes, the junior and senior levels, practicing Karate, Taekwondo and Judo. Given the established objectives, to evaluate the psychological skills of athletes and their body image, we used the Scale of Psychological Assessment Skills (OMSAT 3 – EACP) - translation and adaptation – Carlos Silva, Filipa Dias and Patrício Timóteo (ESDRM); the Questionnaire on the perceptions of success in sport (POSQp) – translation and adaptation by António Fonseca and Glória Balagué (1996) from Perception of Success Questionnaire (TEOSQ) from Roberts and Balagué (1989 and 1991); the Body Image Questionnaire - this questionnaire is designed to evaluate the degree of distortion of athletes’ body image; we also used the Body Shape Questionnaire – BSQ , validated by Di Pietro (2002) and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory – 2 (CSAI – 2) , from Martens, Burton, Vealey, Bump and Smith (1983) – translation and adaptation from Sidóneo Serpa and Amândio Santos (1991). The results showed that athletes of both sexes, both competitive levels and modalities are more task-oriented than for the ego. We also concluded, in both, the perception of anxiety and the analysis of psychological skills, the Self-confidence presents superior values than all other dimensions. As for body image, female exhibit greater dissatisfaction with body image than male, as well as, the high-performance athletes have greater dissatisfaction with body image, than athletes in competitive standard. Regarding to modalities, Judo athletes have greater dissatisfaction with body image than Taekwondo or Karate athletes.Finally, in respect to BMI (Body Mass Index), there’re no significant differences in any of the variables studied. This event may be related to the fact that the athletes studied belong to modalities, where they have to stay in a certain weight class. We concluded that, for the athletes studied, is very important the psychological training, so that the practical part (physical, technical and tactical) take effect, and consequently, allow the athletes to obtain the desired results.
Description
Projeto de Investigação apresentado para a obtenção do grau de
Mestre em Psicologia do Desporto e do Exercício. Orientador: Professor Doutor Carlos Silva
Keywords
Orientação Motivacional Perceção de Ansiedade Competências Psicológicas Imagem Corporal Índice de Massa Corporal Sexo Atletas motivational orientation perceived anxiety psychological skills body image body mass index gender competitive level modalities athletes