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A cultura da beringela (Solanum melongena L.) é uma das culturas praticadas no Vale do
Tejo, destinada principalmente à indústria dos ultracongelados. Este trabalho teve como
principal objetivo testar os efeitos da fertilização orgânica (estrumação) e duas culturas de
cobertura (a aveia e uma mistura de espécies) face a uma parcela testemunha, no
desenvolvimento e produtividade da beringela. O ensaio foi instalado numa parcela localizada
em Fazendas de Almeirim, num solo de textura arenosa, de acordo com um delineamento
experimental de parcelas subdivididas, com 4 repetições de cada tratamento, num sistema de
transição para Agricultura Regenerativa (AR).
Nas culturas de cobertura observou-se a matéria seca. Na cultura da beringela observaramse as seguintes variáveis: fases de desenvolvimento; coloração das folhas através do SPAD
(clorofila) e estimativa do IAF (índice de área foliar); avaliação da produtividade dos frutos e
repartição da matéria seca pelos componentes da planta e determinação do índice colheita
(IC).
A matéria seca das culturas de cobertura foi mais elevada na consociação com estrume
(10 872 kg/ha), logo seguido da aveia com estrume (9 015 kg/ha); os valores foram
estatisticamente superiores em relação à testemunha.
O integral térmico estimado para a beringela foi de 4 351 ºC dia, para um ciclo cultural com
um período de 205 dias. Os tratamentos não influenciaram estatisticamente os valores de
SPAD e do IAF. O IAF máximo da beringela foi alcançado aos 120 DAP. Não se observaram
efeitos estatisticamente significativos dos tratamentos no peso seco das plantas de beringela,
nem ao nível da produtividade dos frutos comerciais. A produtividade média do campo situouse nas 78t/ha. O Índice de Colheita (IC) da beringela foi superior a 0,6.
As CC e a prática da estrumação constituem duas tecnologias a desenvolver no âmbito da
AR; contudo, os seus efeitos só poderão repercutir-se a médio, longo prazo, especialmente
em solo de textura arenosa como são os do campo experimental onde o ensaio foi instalado.
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) culture is one of the crops grown in the Tagus Valley, mainly for the frozen food industry. The main objective of this study was to test the effects of organic fertilization (manure) and two cover crops (oats and a mixture of species) compared to a control plot on the development and productivity of eggplant. The trial was set up on a plot located in Fazendas de Almeirim, on sandy soil, according to an experimental design of subdivided plots, with four replicates of each treatment, in a transition system to regenerative agriculture (RA). The dry matter of the cover crops (CC) was observed. In the eggplant crop, the following variables were observed: main stages of development; quantification of leaf coloration using SPAD (chlorophyll) and estimation of LAI (leaf area index); evaluation of fruit productivity and distribution of dry matter by plant components; and determination of the harvest index (HI). The dry matter of cover crops was highest in the intercropping system with manure (10 872 kg/ha), followed closely by oats with manure (9,015 kg/ha); these values were statistically higher than those of the control. The estimated heat unit for the cover crops was 1 535 °Cdays for oats and 1 531 °C-days for intercropping, for a 126-day growing season. The estimated heat unit for eggplant was 4 351 °C-days, for a growing cycle lasting 205 days. The treatments did not statistically influence the SPAD and IAF values. The maximum IAF for \eggplant was reached at 120 DAP. No statistically significant effects of the treatments were observed on the dry weight of the eggplant plants or on the yield of marketable fruit. The average field yield was 78 t/ha. The Harvest Index (HI) for eggplant was greater than 0.6. CC and manure application are two technologies to be developed within the scope of AR; however, their effects will only become apparent in the medium to long term, especially in sandy soils such as those at the experimental field where the trial was conducted.
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) culture is one of the crops grown in the Tagus Valley, mainly for the frozen food industry. The main objective of this study was to test the effects of organic fertilization (manure) and two cover crops (oats and a mixture of species) compared to a control plot on the development and productivity of eggplant. The trial was set up on a plot located in Fazendas de Almeirim, on sandy soil, according to an experimental design of subdivided plots, with four replicates of each treatment, in a transition system to regenerative agriculture (RA). The dry matter of the cover crops (CC) was observed. In the eggplant crop, the following variables were observed: main stages of development; quantification of leaf coloration using SPAD (chlorophyll) and estimation of LAI (leaf area index); evaluation of fruit productivity and distribution of dry matter by plant components; and determination of the harvest index (HI). The dry matter of cover crops was highest in the intercropping system with manure (10 872 kg/ha), followed closely by oats with manure (9,015 kg/ha); these values were statistically higher than those of the control. The estimated heat unit for the cover crops was 1 535 °Cdays for oats and 1 531 °C-days for intercropping, for a 126-day growing season. The estimated heat unit for eggplant was 4 351 °C-days, for a growing cycle lasting 205 days. The treatments did not statistically influence the SPAD and IAF values. The maximum IAF for \eggplant was reached at 120 DAP. No statistically significant effects of the treatments were observed on the dry weight of the eggplant plants or on the yield of marketable fruit. The average field yield was 78 t/ha. The Harvest Index (HI) for eggplant was greater than 0.6. CC and manure application are two technologies to be developed within the scope of AR; however, their effects will only become apparent in the medium to long term, especially in sandy soils such as those at the experimental field where the trial was conducted.
Descrição
Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do grau de Mestre na área de Engenharia Agronómica, na Escola Superior Agrária de Santarém, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém.
Palavras-chave
agricultura regenerativa Solanum melongena beringela cultura de cobertura fertilização orgânica matéria seca regenerative agriculture eggplant cover crops fertilizer application dry matter
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Mira, Marisa Sofia Aparício (2026). Influência de culturas de cobertura e fertilização orgânica na cultura da beringela para indústria: aplicação a um sistema de agricultura regenerativa. Dissertação de Mestrado na área da Engenharia Agronómica, apresentada na Escola Superior Agrária de Santarém. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.15/6162