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O efeito de um programa de exercício de hip hop nas capacidades físico-motoras de crianças do pré-escolar
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A prática regular de atividade física (AF) promove inúmeros benefícios para a saúde ao
longo da vida, incluindo a melhoria da condição física e bem-estar em crianças com e
sem desenvolvimento motor típico (Ermenova et al., 2021; Kanters et al., 2015; Mercê,
Branco, et al., 2022; Mercê et al., 2023; Robles et al., 2023). A competência motora
(CM), que se refere à proficiência na execução de habilidades motoras fundacionais
(HMF) (Luz et al., 2016), desempenha um papel preponderante no crescimento,
desenvolvimento e oportunidades para levar um estilo de vida ativo em crianças (Barnett
et al., 2016; Hulteen et al., 2018). A interação entre a influência da AF e CM ainda não
é totalmente compreendida, podendo ser mutuamente influenciadas (Stodden et al.,
2012). Nesse contexto, a conceção de estratégias eficazes para fomentar uma maior
prática de AF e melhorar a CM revela-se crucial para garantir um desenvolvimento motor
harmonioso e a adoção de estilos de vida saudáveis no futuro (Hulteen et al., 2018).
A presente dissertação teve como objetivos: i) investigar a relação entre o exercício
físico e a CM; ii) desenvolver e validar o programa de hip hop “Crianças+” para crianças
em idade pré-escolar; e iii) analisar os efeitos da aplicação do programa “Crianças+” em
crianças de três e quatro anos de idade na sua CM, perceção de CM, perceção da
coordenação motora e níveis de AF.
A metodologia incluiu uma revisão sistemática realizada de acordo com o protocolo
PRISMA (Page et al., 2021), um estudo de validação de programa de intervenção de
acordo com a checklist CReDECI2 (Möhler et al., 2015), e um estudo de intervenção
longitudinal. O programa “Crianças+” foi aplicado a 37 crianças (18 rapazes e 19
raparigas), com idades 3 e 4 anos de idade (4,29±0,57). O programa incluiu três fases
de quatro semanas cada, e quatro momentos de observação. A primeira fase consistiu
no primeiro período de intervenção, seguida por um período de controlo sem intervenção
e, por fim, um segundo período de intervenção. As observações foram realizadas antes
e após cada período de intervenção, avaliando CM, perceção de CM, perceção de
coordenação motora e atividade física.
Os resultados da presente dissertação corroboram a influência mútua entre CM e AF. A
validação do programa "Crianças+" preenche uma lacuna na literatura, sendo inovador e enriquecedor para a população-alvo. Pela sua metodologia, torna-se replicável por
outros profissionais de exercício físico. O programa promoveu melhorias significativas
na CM e perceção de CM. Recomenda-se a sua replicação para contribuir para o
desenvolvimento das HMF das crianças, melhorando a CM e aumentando os níveis de
AF presente e futuro.
Em conclusão, os resultados desta dissertação destacam a importância da AF e da CM
no desenvolvimento motor durante a infância, evidenciando os benefícios do programa
"Crianças+".
A regular practice of physical activity (PA) promotes numerous health benefits throughout life, including the improvement of physical fitness and well-being in children with and without typical motor development (Ermenova et al., 2021; Kanters et al., 2015; Mercê, Branco, et al., 2022; Mercê et al., 2023; Robles et al., 2023). Motor competence (MC), which refers to proficiency in performing foundational motor skills (FMS) (Luz et al., 2016), plays a crucial role in the growth, development, and opportunities for leading an active lifestyle in children (Barnett et al., 2016; Hulteen et al., 2018). The interaction between the influence of PA and MC is not fully understood, as they may mutually influence each other (Stodden et al., 2012). In this context, designing effective strategies to promote increased PA and improve MC is crucial to ensuring harmonious motor development and the adoption of healthy lifestyles in the future (Hulteen et al., 2018). The present dissertation aimed to: i) investigate the relationship between physical exercise and MC; ii) develop and validate the hip hop program "Children+" for preschool aged children; and iii) analyze the effects of implementing the " Children+" program in three- and four-year-old children on their MC, MC perception, motor coordination perception, and PA levels. The methodology included a systematic review conducted following the PRISMA protocol (Page et al., 2021), a program validation study according to the CReDECI2 checklist (Möhler et al., 2015), and a longitudinal intervention study. The " Children+" program was applied to 37 children (18 boys and 19 girls), aged 3 and 4 years (4.29±0.57). The program consisted of three phases, each lasting four weeks, and four observation moments. The first phase involved the initial intervention period, followed by a control period without intervention, and finally, a second intervention period. Observations were made before and after each intervention period, assessing MC, MC perception, motor coordination perception, and physical activity. The results of this dissertation support the mutual influence of MC and PA. The validation of the " Children+" program fills a gap in the literature, being innovative and enriching for the target population. Due to its methodology, it is replicable by other exercise professionals. The program led to significant improvements in MC and MC perception. Its replication is recommended to contribute to the development of children's FMS, enhancing MC, and increasing current and future PA levels. In conclusion, the results of this dissertation highlight the importance of PA and MC in motor development during childhood, emphasizing the benefits of the "Children+" program.
A regular practice of physical activity (PA) promotes numerous health benefits throughout life, including the improvement of physical fitness and well-being in children with and without typical motor development (Ermenova et al., 2021; Kanters et al., 2015; Mercê, Branco, et al., 2022; Mercê et al., 2023; Robles et al., 2023). Motor competence (MC), which refers to proficiency in performing foundational motor skills (FMS) (Luz et al., 2016), plays a crucial role in the growth, development, and opportunities for leading an active lifestyle in children (Barnett et al., 2016; Hulteen et al., 2018). The interaction between the influence of PA and MC is not fully understood, as they may mutually influence each other (Stodden et al., 2012). In this context, designing effective strategies to promote increased PA and improve MC is crucial to ensuring harmonious motor development and the adoption of healthy lifestyles in the future (Hulteen et al., 2018). The present dissertation aimed to: i) investigate the relationship between physical exercise and MC; ii) develop and validate the hip hop program "Children+" for preschool aged children; and iii) analyze the effects of implementing the " Children+" program in three- and four-year-old children on their MC, MC perception, motor coordination perception, and PA levels. The methodology included a systematic review conducted following the PRISMA protocol (Page et al., 2021), a program validation study according to the CReDECI2 checklist (Möhler et al., 2015), and a longitudinal intervention study. The " Children+" program was applied to 37 children (18 boys and 19 girls), aged 3 and 4 years (4.29±0.57). The program consisted of three phases, each lasting four weeks, and four observation moments. The first phase involved the initial intervention period, followed by a control period without intervention, and finally, a second intervention period. Observations were made before and after each intervention period, assessing MC, MC perception, motor coordination perception, and physical activity. The results of this dissertation support the mutual influence of MC and PA. The validation of the " Children+" program fills a gap in the literature, being innovative and enriching for the target population. Due to its methodology, it is replicable by other exercise professionals. The program led to significant improvements in MC and MC perception. Its replication is recommended to contribute to the development of children's FMS, enhancing MC, and increasing current and future PA levels. In conclusion, the results of this dissertation highlight the importance of PA and MC in motor development during childhood, emphasizing the benefits of the "Children+" program.
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Keywords
desenvolvimento motor competência motora atividade física Hip hop fitness motor development motor competence physical activity hip hop fitness