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Publication
Efeitos do exercício e do destreino em idosas
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
Introdução: A influência do exercício físico na melhoria da qualidade de vida da
população idosa é consensual na literatura, no entanto os efeitos da intervenção através
da aplicação de programas de exercício de multicomponentes e a sua interrupção
sazonal carece de estudo.
Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do treino e do destreino, durante 12 meses (nove meses de
exercício físico seguido de três meses de destreino) em idosas.
Metodologia: Participaram num programa de exercício supervisionado, 51 idosas
(68,22±9,12 anos; massa corporal, 74,96±11,03kg; estatura, 155,94±6,62cm) divididas
em dois grupos: o grupo que realizou aulas de grupo (G1), 2 sessões/semana com a
duração de 45 min e o grupo que realizou aulas de grupo mais 1 sessão/semana de
atividades aquáticas (G2). Os grupos foram avaliados no início, no final do programa de
exercício e após o período de destreino nas variáveis: massa corporal, estatura, índice de
massa corporal (IMC), percentagem de massa gorda (MG), pressão arterial sistólica e
diastólica em repouso, frequência cardíaca de repouso, nos testes de aptidão funcional:
“flexão do antebraço”; “levantar/sentar da cadeira”; “6 minutos a andar”; “levantar da
cadeira”; “andar 2,44 metros e voltar a sentar”; e nos testes de equilíbrio: “transposição
do banco”; “equilíbrio unipedal”; “equilíbrio sobre uma espuma de olhos fechados”;
“10 passos em linha reta”.
Resultados: Depois do período de treino, G1 apresentou diminuição na pressão arterial
sistólica (p=0,001), diastólica (p=0,001) e uma melhoria no teste “levantar/sentar”
(p=0,013). O G2 apresentou diminuição na pressão arterial diastólica (p=0,001) e
melhoria no teste da “flexão de antebraços” (p=0,014). Após o período de destreino, o
G1 apresentou aumento na pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica (p=0,009 e p=0,005,
respetivamente). Os resultados dos testes de “levantar/sentar” (p=0,000), da “flexão de
antebraços” (p=0,000), da “agilidade” (p=0,002) e dos “6 minutos a andar” (p=0,002)
diminuíram. O G2 apresentou um aumentou na pressão arterial sistólica em repouso
(p=0,021) enquanto as outras variáveis dos testes de “levantar/sentar” (p=0,000), da
“flexão de antebraços” (p=0,000), da “agilidade” (p=0,000) e dos “6 minutos a andar”
(p=0,003) também diminuíram.
Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que a prática regular de um programa de exercício
físico supervisionado durante 9 meses podem melhorar a resistência dos membros
superiores, inferiores, a agilidade e diminuir os valores da pressão arterial nas idosas. Em adição, associam-se melhores resultados com o aumento da atividade física.
Contudo, 3 meses de destreino resultam na perda de alguns efeitos de treino em ambos
os grupos.
Introduction: The influence of physical exercise in a better life’s quality in older people is consensual in the literature. However, the effects of multicomponent exercise training programs and periods of detraining need more research. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of training and detraining over a one year period (nine months of physical exercise followed by three months of detraining) in older women. Methods: Fifty one women (aged 68,22±9,12; weight, 74,96±11,03kg; height, 155,94±6,62cm) participated in a supervised exercise program. They were divided in two groups: a group of land-base exercise (G1), frequency of two exercise sessions/week, 45 minutes and a group of land-base exercise plus 1 session of aquatic exercise (G2). They were evaluated pré and after the exercise program period and after a detraining period. The variables evaluated were: height, weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, rest heart rate, from the battery of functional tests (arm curl, 30-second chair stand, 6-minute walk and 8-foot up and-go test) and from the battery of balance tests (step up and over, standing on one leg, stand on foam with eyes closed and 10 foot line). Results: After the training period, G1 showed a decrease in rest systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p=0,001, respectively) while performance in the 30-second chair stand test was improved (p=0,013). The G2 showed a decreased at rest diastolic blood pressure (p=0,001) while the arm curl test showed an improvement (p=0,014). After a detraining period, G1 showed increase in rest systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p=0,009 e p=0,005, respectively). The 30-second chair stand test (p=0,000), arm curl test (p=0,000), agility test (p=0,002), and 6-minute walk test had decreases (p=0,002). The G2 showed an increase in rest systolic blood pressure (p=0,021), while the performance in the 30-second chair stand test (p=0,000), arm curl test (p=0,000), agility test (p=0,000), and 6-minute walk test had decrease (p=0,003). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the practice of a regular supervised exercise program over 9 months promove a decrease in the values of rest blood pressure, improve resistance on the lower and upper limbs and agility. In addition, increased physical activity was associated with better results. However 3 months of detraining resulted in a loss of training effects in both groups.
Introduction: The influence of physical exercise in a better life’s quality in older people is consensual in the literature. However, the effects of multicomponent exercise training programs and periods of detraining need more research. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of training and detraining over a one year period (nine months of physical exercise followed by three months of detraining) in older women. Methods: Fifty one women (aged 68,22±9,12; weight, 74,96±11,03kg; height, 155,94±6,62cm) participated in a supervised exercise program. They were divided in two groups: a group of land-base exercise (G1), frequency of two exercise sessions/week, 45 minutes and a group of land-base exercise plus 1 session of aquatic exercise (G2). They were evaluated pré and after the exercise program period and after a detraining period. The variables evaluated were: height, weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, rest heart rate, from the battery of functional tests (arm curl, 30-second chair stand, 6-minute walk and 8-foot up and-go test) and from the battery of balance tests (step up and over, standing on one leg, stand on foam with eyes closed and 10 foot line). Results: After the training period, G1 showed a decrease in rest systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p=0,001, respectively) while performance in the 30-second chair stand test was improved (p=0,013). The G2 showed a decreased at rest diastolic blood pressure (p=0,001) while the arm curl test showed an improvement (p=0,014). After a detraining period, G1 showed increase in rest systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p=0,009 e p=0,005, respectively). The 30-second chair stand test (p=0,000), arm curl test (p=0,000), agility test (p=0,002), and 6-minute walk test had decreases (p=0,002). The G2 showed an increase in rest systolic blood pressure (p=0,021), while the performance in the 30-second chair stand test (p=0,000), arm curl test (p=0,000), agility test (p=0,000), and 6-minute walk test had decrease (p=0,003). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the practice of a regular supervised exercise program over 9 months promove a decrease in the values of rest blood pressure, improve resistance on the lower and upper limbs and agility. In addition, increased physical activity was associated with better results. However 3 months of detraining resulted in a loss of training effects in both groups.
Description
Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Desporto, especialidade Condição Física e Saúde
Keywords
idosas programa de exercício capacidade funcional destreino older women exercise program functional capacity detraining period