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Publication
Bairro «Salazar» (1948 a 1974) - Bairro «16 de Março» (1974 a 2011): história e estórias de um bairro
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Abstract(s)
O recente desaparecimento do Bairro “Salazar”/“Bairro 16 de Março” e o realojamento dos moradores foram o motivo da realização deste trabalho.
O ideário do Estado Novo reunido na trilogia, Deus, Pátria e Família, princípios defendidos por Salazar através da “Política do Espírito” tendo por base uma política de obras públicas vigorosas, e tal como em todos os regimes fascistas, sentiu a necessidade, e tal como já vinha do século XIX construir o Espaço de Identidade através de uma Arquitetura Portuguesa, que tinha como meio primordial para o seu enraizamento a família, a escola, o local de trabalho e o local de lazer. Porque a arquitetura enforma o viver quotidiano, informaria também o “espírito” E o nosso Bairro “Salazar” é um testemunho dessa época.
Tentar compreender as vivências desta população face à vida e demolição do bairro, assim como ao realojamento, justificar os modos de apropriação e de organização dos novos espaços domésticos e envolventes, a satisfação habitacional e as atitudes face ao processo, a dimensão das memórias profissionais, domésticas, históricas, políticas, culturais, sociais, escolares.
Os resultados obtidos revelam que os moradores daquele Bairro, fosse ele “Salazar ou 16 de Março”, sentiam-se uma família e viam-se como tal. Tinham laços fortes dentro e fora do bairro e sentiam-se integrados cidade. Os que foram realojados em casas arrendadas e distribuídos pela cidade, são os mais satisfeitos e os que melhor se integraram. Os que foram, quase em bloco, para o novo bairro são os que tiveram maiores dificuldades de adaptação. Gostam das casas e mantêm o apoio dos vizinhos antigos mas a diversidade e a multiculturalidade é um fator que levantou e levanta problemas de adaptação.
Sendo que os intervenientes principais são pessoas, algumas com uma longevidade extraordinária e com estórias de vida ritmadas ao longo da história do país e da cidade, não poderíamos ficar somente circunscritos às fontes arquivísticas quando tínhamos pela frente um capital humano extraordinário
The recent demise of the former “Bairro Salazar”, also known as “Bairro 16 de Março” and the rehousing of its inhabitants were the purpose behind this research. The three major ideals behind Estado Novo dictatorship – God, Fatherland and Family – defined by Salazar in his “Politics of the Spirit”, based on propaganda and on a series of vigorous public works, just like other fascist regimes, felt the need to build a “Space of Identity” trough a Portuguese Architecture, which was originated in the XIXth century, sustained by family, school, workplace and leisure space. Because architecture surrounds the day-to-day life it would also embodies the “spirit”. “Bairro Salazar” is a testimonial to that era. It is intended to understand people's reactions and experiences regarding life before and after the “Bairro” was demolished, evaluating the ways of appropriation and organization of the new housings and spaces, the degree of habitat satisfaction and attitudes towards the process, and clarifying personal, household, historical, political, cultural, social and school memories. The obtained results will hopefully serve to the evaluation of the different steps in a process of public intervention in Social Housing. In its diversity, it show us that the inhabitants of the “Bairro”, whether it was called “Salazar” or “16 de Março”, felt and lived like a family. There were strong bonds both inside and outside the “Bairro” and they also felt as part of the city as a whole. Regarding the rehousing issue after the demolition, it was noticed that the former inhabitants that were separately rehoused and distributed across the city are the most satisfied ones, having a better integration according to them. The ones that were rehoused together as a block to a new neighborhood had a hard time adapting to the new spaces. They like their new houses and still have strong bonds with the neighbors that accompanied them, but the diversity they found in the new place is a factor that still raises some issues towards their full integration. Since there are people involved, some of those with remarkable longevity and life stories that were affected by the rhythm of both the country and the city's History, it was impossible to only stick to historical archives when there was such an amazing human capital at our disposal.
The recent demise of the former “Bairro Salazar”, also known as “Bairro 16 de Março” and the rehousing of its inhabitants were the purpose behind this research. The three major ideals behind Estado Novo dictatorship – God, Fatherland and Family – defined by Salazar in his “Politics of the Spirit”, based on propaganda and on a series of vigorous public works, just like other fascist regimes, felt the need to build a “Space of Identity” trough a Portuguese Architecture, which was originated in the XIXth century, sustained by family, school, workplace and leisure space. Because architecture surrounds the day-to-day life it would also embodies the “spirit”. “Bairro Salazar” is a testimonial to that era. It is intended to understand people's reactions and experiences regarding life before and after the “Bairro” was demolished, evaluating the ways of appropriation and organization of the new housings and spaces, the degree of habitat satisfaction and attitudes towards the process, and clarifying personal, household, historical, political, cultural, social and school memories. The obtained results will hopefully serve to the evaluation of the different steps in a process of public intervention in Social Housing. In its diversity, it show us that the inhabitants of the “Bairro”, whether it was called “Salazar” or “16 de Março”, felt and lived like a family. There were strong bonds both inside and outside the “Bairro” and they also felt as part of the city as a whole. Regarding the rehousing issue after the demolition, it was noticed that the former inhabitants that were separately rehoused and distributed across the city are the most satisfied ones, having a better integration according to them. The ones that were rehoused together as a block to a new neighborhood had a hard time adapting to the new spaces. They like their new houses and still have strong bonds with the neighbors that accompanied them, but the diversity they found in the new place is a factor that still raises some issues towards their full integration. Since there are people involved, some of those with remarkable longevity and life stories that were affected by the rhythm of both the country and the city's History, it was impossible to only stick to historical archives when there was such an amazing human capital at our disposal.
Description
Dissertação apresentada para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Educação Social e Intervenção Comunitária
Keywords
Estado Novo história oral vivências bairros exclusão social pobreza identidades realojamento oral history experiences neighborhoods social exclusion poverty identities rehousing