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- Contextual analysis of physical-tactical match performance Contextual analysis of physical-tactical match performance demands in elite U21 soccer playersPublication . Craig Davies; Vassallo, Christian; Ryan, Ben; Zmijewski, Piotr; Oliveira, Rafael; Teixeira, José Eduardo; Moreira, Alexandre; Morgans, RylandBackground: Soccer matches include physical and tactical factors, yet limited research has integrated physical-tactical variables involving U21 soccer players. This study examined how different phases of play influence physical intensity in elite U21 soccer players. Materials and Methods: Twelve professional development league matches involving 29 male U21 soccer players (106 obser vations) were analysed. Players wore 10 Hz GPS units to derive relative (m/min) physical metrics during six phases of play. Phases and positions were compared using repeated‑measures ANOVA and one‑way ANOVA. Results: Players covered significantly greater high-speed running per mi nute (HSR/min) during the final third compared to build-up (p = 0.015, ES: 0.5, small) and progres sion phases (p = < 0.001, ES: 0.6, moderate). Furthermore, players covered significantly greater HSR/min during the defensive low block phase compared to build-up (p = 0.001, ES: 0.7, moderate), progression (p = < 0.001, ES: 0.9, moderate), middle block (p = 0.011, ES: 0.7, moderate) and high press (p = 0.001, ES: 0.8, moderate) phases. Conclusions: Differing phases of play required specific physical qualities depending on the position and the tactical role within the team. This integrated approach provides contextualisation of important physical metrics relevant to tactical actions that may inform training design and rehabilitation sessions.
- The effect of contextualised match variables on the metabolic power of elite soccer players during English Premier League match-playPublication . Morgans, Ryland; Oliveira, Rafael; Mandorino, Mauro; Ryan, Ben; Zmijewski, Piotr; Modric, Toni; de Araújo Teixeria, José Eduardo; Moreira, AlexandreThis study examined the effect of contextualised match variables on metabolic power of elite soccer players during English Premier League (EPL) match-play across four seasons (2021/22–2024/25), comparing in-possession (MPIP) and out-of-possession (MPOP) phases. Match data from 31 male professional soccer players retrieved from 152 regular-season EPL competitive matches was obtained via an optical tracking system and analysed with decision tree regression models. The MPIP model demonstrated strong predictive accuracy (RMSE = 1.54; MPE = 2.04%), identifying playing position as the dominant predictor (88% of total feature importance). Defenders exhibited the lowest MPIP, while forwards in a 3-5-2 team formation showed the highest values (MPIP = 15.7 W · kg−1). Conversely, the lowest MPIP values (MPIP = 12.1 W · kg−1) were observed when the study team did not employ a 3-5-2 team formation and faced opponents with a ranking difference of less than eight positions. The MPOP model also demonstrated robust predictive performance (RMSE = 1.59; MPE = 1.30%). Playing position was the most influential factor (44% of total feature importance), with midfielders displaying higher MPOP. Forwards had the lowest MPOP in the second half, while the highest values (MPOP = 17.1 W · kg−1) were observed for midfielders when the team was losing in a 3-5-2 formation. These findings confirm that positional role is the principal determinant of metabolic power in EPL match-play, with midfielders particularly exposed to elevated demands out-of-possession. Tactical structure, match status, and match period further modulate metabolic load, highlighting the need to consider context-specific training strategies.
- The acute effect of foam roller application on eccentric knee flexor strength in rugby sevens players: a randomised crossover trialPublication . Sağıroğlu, Isa; Ceylan, Halil İbrahim; Özdemir, Kübra; Oliveira, Rafael; Morgans, Ryland; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi; ceylan, halil ibrahimBackground: Hamstring injuries account for approximately one in six injuries for rugby players. Contributing factors include poor eccentric strength and reduced range of motion (ROM) at the hip and knee joints. Beyond specific training methods, foam rolling is employed extensively to enhance ROM, joint mobility, general performance, and other outcomes pre- and post-physical exercise. The study aimed to investigate the acute effect of foam roller application on eccentric knee flexor strength, hip, and knee ROM in rugby sevens players. Methods: A total of 23 rugby sevens players (age: 24.16 ± 2.15 years, height: 177.0 ± 5.89 cm, body mass: 64.57 ± 6.65 kg) underwent two conditions in a randomised crossover experiment. The experimental condition included Foam Roller (FR) exercises (3 sets, 30 seconds each with 10-second recovery intervals) on the gastrocnemius and hamstring muscles of both limbs. The non-foam rolling (NFR) condition involved resting on the mat for the same time period as the foam rolling session. Maximal eccentric strength (MES), average eccentric strength (of three repetitions) (AES), active straight leg raise (ASLR), and active knee extension (AKE) tests were performed on both limbs pre- and post- each condition. Results: The present study revealed that FR improved MES and AES (~1.4–1.7%, p < 0.001), ASLR (~9–10%, p < 0.001), and AKE (~8–10%, p < 0.001) compared to the NFR condition. Conclusions: These findings confirm that FR is a viable strategy to improve eccentric knee flexor strength, hip, and knee ROM before other activities. Such applications may be useful in improving performance and reducing injury risk for athletes.