Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2019-03-15"
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- In-season training load quantification of one-, two- and three-game week schedules in a top European professional soccer teamPublication . Oliveira, Rafael; Brito, João; Martins, Alexandre; Mendes, Bruno; Calvete, Francisco; Carriço, Sandro; Ferraz, Ricardo; Marques, Mário C.Top European soccer teams that play in UEFA competitions often participate in one, two- or three-games per week. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure optimal match-day performance and full recovery. The aim of this study was to quantify internal and external training load (TL) within five microcycles: M1 and M2 - one-game weeks; M3 and M4 - two-game weeks; M5 - three-game week). Thirteen elite soccer players participated in this study. A global positioning system (GPS) was used to measure the total distance covered and distances of different exercise training zones (1-5), the session ratings of perceived exertion (s-RPE) scores and the amount of creatine kinase (CK) created during daily training sessions for the 2015-2016 in-season period. The data were analysed with respect to the number of days prior to a given match. The main results indicate that there was a significant difference in training intensity for zone 1 between M2 and M4 (4010.2 ± 103.5 and 4507.6 ± 133.0 m, respectively); a significant difference in training intensity for zone 3 between M1 and M5 (686.1 ± 42.8 and 801.2 ± 61.2 m, respectively); a significant difference in the duration of the training sessions and matches between M2 and M5 (69.2 ± 2.1 and 79.6 ± 2.3) and M3 and M5 (69.7 ± 1.0 and 79.6 ± 2.3); and finally, there was a significant difference in CK between M3 and M2 (325.5 ± 155.0 and 194.4 ± 48.9). Moreover, there was a significant decrease in TL in the last day prior to a match, for all microcycles and all variables. There was no significant difference with respect to s-RPE. This study provides the first report of daily external and internal TLs and weekly accumulated load (training sessions and match demands) during one, two, and three-game week schedules in a group of elite soccer players. Expected significant differences are found in daily and accumulated loads for within- and between-game schedules. A similar pattern is exhibited for one- and two-game week microcycles regarding the day before the match, which exhibits a decrease in all variables. Despite the different number of games played per week, TL remain similar between microcycles for zone 2 and 5, plus s-RPE.
- Sleep and Neurochemical Modulation by DZNep and GSK-J1: Potential Link With Histone Methylation StatusPublication . Murillo-Rodríguez, Eric; Arankowsky-Sandoval, Gloria; Barros, Jorge Aparecido; Rocha, Nuno Barbosa; Yamamoto, Tetsuya; Machado, Sérgio; Budde, Henning; Telles-Correia, Diogo; Monteiro, Diogo; Cid, Luis; Veras, André BarcielaHistone methylation/demethylation plays an important modulatory role in chromatin restructuring, RNA transcription and is essential for controlling a plethora of biological processes. Due to many human diseases have been related to histone methylation/demethylation, several compounds such as 3-deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) or 3-((6-(4,5-Dihydro-1H-benzo[d]azepin-3(2H)-yl)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)propanoic acid; N-[2-(2-pyridinyl)-6-(1,2,4,5-tetrahydro-3H-3-benzazepin-3-yl)-4-pyrimidinyl]-β-Alanine (GSK-J1), have been designed to inhibit histone methylase or suppress histone demethylase, respectively. In the present study, we investigated the effects on the sleep-wake cycle and sleep-related neurochemical levels after systemic injections of DZNep or GSK-J1 given during the light or dark phase in rats. DZNep dose-dependently (0.1, 1.0, or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) prolonged wakefulness (W) duration while decreased slow wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) time spent during the lights-on period with no changes observed in dark phase. In opposite direction, GSK-J1 (0.1, 1.0, or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) injected at the beginning of the lights-on period induced no statistical changes in W, SWS, or REMS whereas if administered at darkness, we found a diminution in W and an enhancement in SWS and REMS. Finally, brain microdialysis experiments in freely moving animals were used to evaluate the effects of DZNep or GSK-J1 treatments on contents of sleep-related neurochemicals. The results showed that DZNep boosted extracellular levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, adenosine, and acetylcholine if injected at the beginning of the lights-on period whereas GSK-J1 exerted similar outcomes but when administered at darkness. In summary, DZNep and GSK-J1 may control the sleep-wake cycle and sleep-related neurochemicals through histone methylation/demethylation activity.
- Affordances Lúdicas no Ambiente Familiar e Constrangimentos Intrínsecos e Extrínsecos em Crianças dos 18 aos 42 meses, no Concelho das Caldas da RainhaPublication . Rezendes, Pedro Miguel Inácio; Catela, DavidNos primeiros anos de vida, as affordances (oportunidades), disponibilizadas pelo ambiente familiar, constituem-se como recursos essenciais à promoção de ações motoras (Gabbard, 2008). Este estudo pretende analisar a relação entre as affordances lúdicas do ambiente familiar e características ontogenéticas das crianças dos 18 aos 42 meses, no concelho das Caldas da Rainha. Os dados foram recolhidos a partir das respostas ao questionário AHEMD – SR 18-42 meses (Rodrigues, Saraiva & Gabbard, 2005), complementadas com questões para caracterização ontogenética da criança. Os resultados revelaram que o género feminino tem oportunidades significativamente superiores para motricidade fina e grossa e no total das affordances lúdicas. O rendimento mensal foi a variável mais fortemente associada de modo positivo à pontuação total do AHEMD. A associação significativa inversa entre o número de irmãos e a pontuação total do AHEMD, permite deduzir que nas famílias com mais irmãos há uma oferta lúdica menos diversificada.