Browsing by Author "Santos, C.N."
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- Combined effect of interventions with pure or enriched mixtures of (poly)phenols and anti-diabetic medication in type 2 diabetes management: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled human trials: reviewPublication . Raimundo, Ana F.; Félix, F.; Andrade, R.; García‑Conesa, M.T.; González‑Sarrías, A.; Gilsa‑Lopes, J.; Ó, D. do; Raimundo, A.; Ribeiro, R.; Rodiguez-Mateos, A.; Santos, C.N.; Schär, M.; Silva, A.; Cruz, I.; Wang, B.; Pinto, Paula; Menezes, R.Purpose: (Poly)phenols have been reported to confer protective effects against type 2 diabetes but the precise association remains elusive. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the effects of (poly)phenol intake on well-established biomarkers in people with type 2 diabetes or at risk of developing diabetes. Methods: A systematic search was conducted using the following selection criteria: (1) human randomized controlled trials involving individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes; (2) one or more of the following biomarkers: glucose, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin, pro-insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP)/amylin, pro-IAPP/pro-amylin, glucagon, C-peptide; (3) chronic intervention with pure or enriched mixtures of (poly)phenols. From 488 references, 88 were assessed for eligibility; data were extracted from 27 studies and 20 were used for meta-analysis. The groups included in the meta-analysis were: (poly)phenol mixtures, isoflavones, flavanols, anthocyanins and resveratrol. Results: Estimated intervention/control mean differences evidenced that, overall, the consumption of (poly)phenols contributed to reduced fasting glucose levels (- 3.32 mg/dL; 95% CI - 5.86, - 0.77; P = 0.011). Hb1Ac was only slightly reduced (- 0.24%; 95% CI - 0.43, - 0.044; P = 0.016) whereas the levels of insulin and HOMA-IR were not altered. Subgroup comparative analyses indicated a stronger effect on blood glucose in individuals with diabetes (- 5.86 mg/dL, 95% CI - 11.34, - 0.39; P = 0.036) and this effect was even stronger in individuals taking anti-diabetic medication (- 10.17 mg/dL, 95% CI - 16.59, - 3.75; P = 0.002). Conclusions: Our results support that the consumption of (poly)phenols may contribute to lower glucose levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes or at risk of diabetes and that these compounds may also act in combination with anti-diabetic drugs.
- Evaluation of potential of gamma radiation as a conservation treatment for blackberry fruitsPublication . Oliveira, M. M.; Pereira, J.; Cabo Verde, S.; Basto de Lima, Maria Gabriela; Pinto, Paula; Oliveira, P.B.; Junqueira, C.; Marcos, H.; Silva, T.; Melo, R.; Santos, C.N.; Botelho, M. L.BACKGROUND: Blackberries consumption has been associated with health benefits. However, these fruits present a short shelf-life. Thus, food irradiation is a potential alternative technology for conservation of these fruits without use of chemicals. OBJECTIVE: Analyse the potentiality of gamma radiation as a decontamination method for blackberry fruits. METHODS: Fresh packed blackberries were irradiated in a Co-60 source at two doses (1.0 and 1.5 kGy). Bioburden, physical and rheological, sensorial and total soluble content parameters were assessed before irradiation, immediately after and at two days storage time at 4°C. RESULTS: The characterization of blackberries microbiota point out to an average bioburden value of 104 CFU/g and to a microbial population predominantly composed by filamentous fungi. The inactivation studies on the blackberries mesophilic population indicated a limited microbial inactivation (<1 log decimal reduction) for the applied radiation doses, being the surviving population mainly constituted by filamentous fungi and yeast. No effect of irradiation on colour of blackberries was observed. Concerning texture parameters, no significant differences were observed in both fracturability and firmness between non-irradiated and irradiated blackberries immediately after irradiation. In blackberries stored for two days, both parameters were slightly lower in irradiated blackberries, compared to non-irradiated blackberries. The performed sensorial analysis indicated a similar acceptability among irradiated and non-irradiated fruits. CONCLUSION: This work reveals gamma irradiation treatment potential since no major impact was detected on blackberries physical, rheological and sensory attributes. Further studies with longer periods of storage are needed to elucidate the advantages of irradiation as a conservation treatment.© 2013 - IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.