Browsing by Author "Monteiro, D."
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- Adaptation and Validation of a Portuguese Version of the Sports Motivation Scale-II (SMS-II-P) Showing Invariance for Gender and Sport TypePublication . Rodrigues, Filipe; Pelletier, L.; Rocchi, M.; Cid, Luis; Teixeira, D.; Monteiro, D.In the present cross-sectional study, we adapted and examined the validity of a Portuguese version of the Sport Motivation Scale II (SMS-II-P) within a sample of 1148 Portuguese athletes (women ¼ 546, men ¼ 602) with a mean age of 18.45 years (SD ¼ 5.36), participating in a variety of sports (i.e., football, basketball, swimming, and athletics). We conducted confirmatory factor analysis, convergent and discriminant validity analysis, and multigroup analysis across participants’ sport type (team and individual) and gender. We also examined the correlations between the SMS-II-P behavioral regulations and basic psychological needs satisfaction. The results supported that the SMS-II-P had good psychometric properties and was invariant across gender and sport type. The scale demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity, and the subscales achieved adequate internal consistency. Correlations between the six types of regulation measured in the SMS-II supported the distinction between autonomous and controlled behavioral regulations, and the correlations between these subscales and other measures of autonomy, competence, and relatedness satisfaction provided evidence of the self-determination continuum. Implications of this research for assessing Portuguese athletes and conducting future research are discussed.
- Affective responses to resistance exercise: toward a consensus on the timing of assessmentsPublication . Andrade, A.J.; Ekkekakis, P.; Evmenenko, A.; Monteiro, D.; Rodrigues, F.; Cid, Luis; Teixeira, D.S.Tailoring exercise prescriptions aimed at improving affective responses to resistance exercise may promote pleasurable experiences and thus exercise adherence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate different timing protocols for administering rating scales for the assessment of affective valence (Feeling Scale, FS) and perceived activation (Felt Arousal Scale, FAS) during resistance exercise. Thirty-three experienced male exercisers (M = 36.42 ± 7.72 years) completed the FS and FAS at different times at three percentages of one-repetition maximum (%1RM) during two exercises (bench press, squat). No differences emerged among different assessment time points and %1RM. These findings suggest that the post-exercise “affective rebound” phenomenon found in aerobic exercise may not be as pronounced in resistance exercise. Therefore, the results support the use of FS and FAS in resistance exercise, administered immediately after a set, over a wide range of %1RM and exercises. Mounting evidence suggests that the use of these scales in resistance exercise could allow researchers and practitioners to evaluate affective responses that may be important for adherence.
- A relação instrutor-praticante nas necessidades psicológicas básicas do praticantePublication . Rodrigues, Filipe; Neiva, H.; Teixeira, D.; Cid, Luis; Silva, L.; Monteiro, D.
- The behavioral regulation in exercise questionnaire (BREQ-4): psychometric evidence of introjected approach regulation in Portuguese health club exercisersPublication . Teixeira, D.S.; Rodrigues, F.; Monteiro, D.; Cid, LuisThe assessment of motivation has been a key aspect to the understanding of exercise participation, and research grounded in self-determination theory has presented valid and reliable instruments for that purpose. Given the need to continually refine this latent construct, the present study aimed to translate, adapt, and psychometrically validate a subscale targeting the approach facet of introjection, and to test the pattern of associations between motives for practice, basic psychological needs satisfaction/frustration, and behavioral regulations encompassing the validated introjection subscale, in a sample of health club exercisers. For that purpose, two studies were developed with a total of 1216 health club exercisers. In Study I (n = 806), Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling analysis to test the motivational continuum encompassing the introjected approach subscale were performed. In Study II (n = 410) associations and structural models between intrinsic and extrinsic goal contents, basic psychological needs satisfaction and frustration, and behavioral regulations with the new subscale were tested. The correlated seven-factor model with 21 items in Study I displayed good psychometric properties (CFA: χ2 = 481.977 (168), p < .001, CFI = 0.936, TLI = 0.915, SRMR = 0.037, RMSEA = 0.048; ESEM: χ2 = 178.672 (84), p < .001, CFI = 0.980, TLI = 0.949, SRMR = 0.014, RMSEA = 0.037). The introjected approach regulation added to the preexisting factorial structure did not affect the validity and reliability of the instrument. The results from Study II supported a theoretically expected pattern of associations, in which the introjected regulation of approach is positioned between introjected avoidance and identified regulation along the motivational contin uum. Additionally, path estimates depicted criterion validity for the new subscale. All in all, this work presents preliminary evidence for an introjected approach regulation subscale that can be used in health club practices for a better understanding of the motivational quality of exercise practice.
- The preference for and tolerance of exercise intensity: an exploratory analysis of intensity discrepancy in health clubs settingsPublication . Marques, P.; Andrade, A. J.; Evmenenko, A.; Monteiro, D.; Faria, J.; Rodrigues, F.; Cid, Luis; Teixeira, D. S.Health clubs are considered one of the most relevant contexts of exercise. However, they suffer from high dropout rates and struggle to keep exercisers enrolled in the long run. Considering the exercise intensity-affect relation, the main objective of this exploratory study was to test the relation of the discrepancy between the intensity traits and current exercise training intensity, and possible differences in subjective vitality, habit, and weekly exercise frequency. A total of 485 participants (female = 274) aged between 18 and 63 years (M = 39.9) enrolled in several activities participated in this study. Descriptive, correlational, and group comparison analyses were developed for study hypothesis testing. Results tend to support that different levels of agreement between the intensity traits and current training intensity have differentiated outcomes. Particularly, having both intensity traits in agreement with current training intensity depicted the most relevant scores for vitality, habit, and exercise frequency. Both traits in disagreement presented the worst scores.
- The relationship between past exercise behavior and future exercise adherence: a sequential mediation analysisPublication . Rodrigues, F.; Figueiredo, N.; Teixeira, D.; Cid, Luis; Monteiro, D.The present study explored the mediation role of past exercise adherence, self-reported frequency and intentions in the association between past experience and future exercise adherence. In total, 431 exercisers (female = 216; male = 215) aged 18 and 64 years, engaged in fitness activities such as group fitness classes and resistance training, were included in the analysis. Serial mediation procedures were employed to examine the direct, indirect, and total indirect effects among variables. The predictor variable and all mediators displayed a positive and significant association with future six-month adher ence. Past six-month exercise adherence displayed the most significant association with future six-month adherence. The sequential indirect path from exercise experience → past six-months adherence → self reported frequency → intentions future six-months adherence displayed a positive and significant effect (β = .19 [CI95% = .09, .31]), presenting a partial mediation effect. Past behaviour is the most significant predictor of future adherence, and thus interventions should be based on promoting consistent exercise frequency. Professionals working in the fitness centre context can identify possible dropouts based on their past behaviour and intentions to be physically active in the future.