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Influência da origem dos ovos de peru nos parâmetros de produção: um estudo de caso
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Resumo(s)
A qualidade dos ovos à receção, o maneio pré-incubação, a escolha da estirpe, o tipo de incubadora
utilizada e o maneio de incubação são fatores determinantes para o sucesso do processo,
influenciando diretamente a fertilidade, a taxa de eclosão e a qualidade dos perus do dia. A
heterogeneidade dos ovos recebidos dos fornecedores constituiu um desafio para a manutenção do
bom desempenho, uma vez que impacta diretamente a eficiência produtiva dos centros de
incubação. Nesse contexto, o coeficiente de eclodibilidade dos ovos férteis (HoF) e o coeficiente de
eclodibilidade dos ovos incubados (HoS) são utilizados como indicadores-chave em análises
comparativas, permitindo quantificar e comparar estas variações.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar o desempenho produtivo (taxa de fertilidade, a mortalidade
embrionária, a taxa de eclosão dos ovos incubados e férteis e a qualidade do neonato) de ovos de
perus provenientes de diferentes fornecedores. Para o efeito, foi utilizada a metodologia de estudo
de caso descritivo, baseada na recolha de dados num centro de incubação de perus, na região de
Torres Vedras de Portugal. Selecionou-se dados de ovos da estirpe B.U.T. Premium recebidos de
diferentes fornecedores na mesma semana, ambos provenientes de França. Todos estes foram
incubados em incubadoras Single Stage, acompanhando-se todas as fases do processo desde a
receção até à expedição dos perus do dia. A análise estatística baseou-se em modelos lineares
mistos para avaliar diferenças entre fornecedores e numa análise multivariada de componentes
principais (PCA), que permitiu identificar padrões de variação relacionados com fertilidade,
mortalidade embrionária, taxa de eclosão e qualidade dos perus expedidos.
O Fornecedor H apresentou consistentemente melhor desempenho em todos os indicadores,
assegurando o número necessário de perus e , por vezes, excedentes, enquanto o Fornecedor S
enviou ovos com maior tempo de armazenamento, menor uniformidade, mais sujidade e falhas na
identificação, resultando em menor eficiência produtiva e faltas recorrentes no fornecimento de
perus. Mesmo considerando a variabilidade de semanas de postura e a não uniformidade absoluta
das condições de incubação, esta discrepância manteve-se clara ao longo de todo o trabalho.
Concluiu-se que a origem dos ovos é um fator determinante no sucesso de incubação, refletindo o
impacto direto do maneio, armazenamento e transporte na qualidade e viabilidade embrionária. A
superioridade do Fornecedor H reforça a necessidade de seleção criteriosa de fornecedores e
implementação de melhores práticas de maneio, de forma a reduzir perdas e otimizar a eficiência
económica do processo de incubação.
The quality of eggs upon reception, pre-incubation management, strain selection, the type of incubator used, and incubation management are determining factors for the success of the process, directly influencing fertility, hatchability, and the quality of day-old turkeys. The heterogeneity of eggs received from suppliers represented a challenge for maintaining good performance, as it directly impacts the productive efficiency of incubation facilities. In this context, the HoF and HoS coefficients are used as key indicators in comparative analyses, allowing these variations to be quantified and compared. The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive performance (fertility rate, embryonic mortality, hatchability of incubated and fertile eggs, and neonate quality) of turkey eggs from different suppliers. For this purpose, a descriptive case study methodology was used, based on data collection from a turkey hatchery in the Torres Vedras region of Portugal. Data were selected from B.U.T. Premium strain eggs received from different suppliers in the same week, both originating from France. All eggs were incubated in Single Stage incubators, with all stages of the process monitored from reception to the dispatch of day-old turkeys. Statistical analysis was based on linear mixed models to assess differences between suppliers and a multivariate principal component analysis (PCA), which allowed the identification of variation patterns related to fertility, embryonic mortality, hatchability rate, and the quality of dispatched turkeys. Supplier H consistently showed better performance across all indicators, ensuring the required number of turkeys and, at times, surpluses, whereas Supplier S sent eggs with longer storage time, lower uniformity, more dirt, and identification issues, resulting in lower productive efficiency and recurring shortages in turkey supply. Even when considering variability in laying weeks and the lack of absolute uniformity in incubation conditions, this discrepancy remained clear throughout the study. It was concluded that egg origin is a determining factor in incubation success, reflecting the direct impact of management, storage, and transport on egg quality and embryonic viability. The superiority of Supplier H reinforces the need for careful supplier selection and the implementation of improved management practices in order to reduce losses and optimize the economic efficiency of the incubation process.
The quality of eggs upon reception, pre-incubation management, strain selection, the type of incubator used, and incubation management are determining factors for the success of the process, directly influencing fertility, hatchability, and the quality of day-old turkeys. The heterogeneity of eggs received from suppliers represented a challenge for maintaining good performance, as it directly impacts the productive efficiency of incubation facilities. In this context, the HoF and HoS coefficients are used as key indicators in comparative analyses, allowing these variations to be quantified and compared. The aim of this study was to evaluate the productive performance (fertility rate, embryonic mortality, hatchability of incubated and fertile eggs, and neonate quality) of turkey eggs from different suppliers. For this purpose, a descriptive case study methodology was used, based on data collection from a turkey hatchery in the Torres Vedras region of Portugal. Data were selected from B.U.T. Premium strain eggs received from different suppliers in the same week, both originating from France. All eggs were incubated in Single Stage incubators, with all stages of the process monitored from reception to the dispatch of day-old turkeys. Statistical analysis was based on linear mixed models to assess differences between suppliers and a multivariate principal component analysis (PCA), which allowed the identification of variation patterns related to fertility, embryonic mortality, hatchability rate, and the quality of dispatched turkeys. Supplier H consistently showed better performance across all indicators, ensuring the required number of turkeys and, at times, surpluses, whereas Supplier S sent eggs with longer storage time, lower uniformity, more dirt, and identification issues, resulting in lower productive efficiency and recurring shortages in turkey supply. Even when considering variability in laying weeks and the lack of absolute uniformity in incubation conditions, this discrepancy remained clear throughout the study. It was concluded that egg origin is a determining factor in incubation success, reflecting the direct impact of management, storage, and transport on egg quality and embryonic viability. The superiority of Supplier H reinforces the need for careful supplier selection and the implementation of improved management practices in order to reduce losses and optimize the economic efficiency of the incubation process.
Descrição
Dissertação, Mestrado, Engenharia Zootécnica, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Escola Superior Agrária, 2026
Palavras-chave
fertilidade fornecedores de ovos maneio reprodutivo taxa de eclosão fertility egg suppliers reproductive management hatchability
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Gonçalves, J. D. (2026). Influência da origem dos ovos de peru nos parâmetros de produção: um estudo de caso. Dissertação de Mestrado na área da Engenharia Zootécnica, apresentada na Escola Superior Agrária de Santarém. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.15/6103