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Caracterização técnica e neuromuscular do nadador de aguas abertas
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
O objetivo deste estudo foi a Caracterização Técnica e Neuromuscular do
Nadador de Águas Abertas, através da avaliação de 9 nadadores num percurso
de 5x1000 metros. Medimos a participação muscular num nadador de AA
durante a prova de 5km, e quais as implicações nos parâmetros cinemáticos da
técnica. Foram avaliados 9 nadadores masculinos de águas abertas (idade: 25,4
± 11,9 anos; massa corporal: 75,9 ± 9,0 kg; altura: 180,7 ± 6,7 cm; envergadura:
185,6 ± 10,3 cm) individualmente em ambiente aberto (lago), realizando 5 x 1000
m na intensidade máxima, com intervalo de 30 segundos a cada 1000m. Foram
calculadas as variáveis cinemáticas: Frequência Gestual (FG), velocidade de
nado (v), Distancia de Ciclo (DC) e o índice de braçada (IB). Os muscules
analisados foram do lado esquerdo: Upper Trapezius(UP); Latissimus dorsi(LD);
Pectoralis Major(PM); Posterior Deltoid(PD); Anterior Deltoid(AD); Triceps
Brachii(TB); Biceps Brachii(BB). Aumento da FG com pequeno efeito (F=2,71, p
≤ 0,05, η2=0,25), especialmente na última volta do percurso; uma diminuição
com efeito médio de DC (F=3,41, p ≤ 0,05, η2=0,30) e IB (F=3,29, p > 0,05,
η2=0,29) do início ao fim do percurso. Nota-se que DC e IB se alteraram ao longo
das distâncias percorridas, mostrando uma diminuição, essencialmente entre
1000m e 4000m. Diferenças foram encontradas nos músculos UT e AD,
mostrando maior ativação na recuperação, e também nos músculos MT e LD,
sendo altamente recrutados na fase propulsiva em comparação com a
recuperação. Durante a prova de 5km, os nadadores mantiveram uma
velocidade constante para controlar o seu desempenho. Ao longo da prova, o
DC e o IB tenderam a diminuir progressivamente com a distância. Os resultados
EMG obtidos no presente estudo sugerem que os músculos UT e AD tiveram
maior atividade na recuperação do que o oposto, e MT e LD foram maiores nas
fases propulsivas do curso de natação, a fim de superar o arrasto da água e
estabilizar o movimento.
The aim of this study was the Technical and Neuromuscular Characterization of the Open Water Swimmer, through the evaluation of 9 swimmers in a course of 5x1000 meters. We measured the muscular participation on a open water swimmer during the 5km race, and what where the implications in the kinematic parameters of the technique We evaluated 9 male open water swimmers (age: 25.4 ± 11.9 years; body mass: 75.9 ± 9.0 kg; height: 180.7 ± 6.7 cm; wingspan: 185.6 ± 10.3 cm) individually in an open environment (lake), performing 5 x 1000 m at maximum intensity, with an interval of 30 seconds every 1000m. The kinematic variables will be calculated: Stroke rate (FG), swimming speed (v), Stroke Lenght (DC) and the stroke index (IB). and the muscules analized on the left side where: Upper Trapezius(UP); Latissimus dorsi(LD); Pectoralis Major(PM); Posterior Deltoid(PD); Anterior Deltoid(AD); Triceps Brachii(TB); Biceps Brachii(BB). Subsequently, the use of the IBM SPSS 28 program for the statistical treatment of the collected data. An increase of FG with small effect (F=2.71, p ≤ 0.05, η2=0.25), especially in the final lap of the trial; a decrease with medium effect of SL (F=3.41, p ≤ 0.05, η2=0.30) and SI (F=3.29, p > 0.05, η 2=0.29) from the begin to the end of the trial. It is noticeable that DC and IB changed along the distances covered, showing a decrease, essentially between 1000m and 4000m. Differences were found in UT and AD muscles, showing higher activation in the recovery, and also in TM and LD muscles, being highly recruited in the pull phase compared to recovery. During the 5000m race, the swimmers maintained a constant speed in order to control their performance. Throughout the race, the SL and SI tended to decrease progressively with distance. The EMG results achieved in the present study suggest that the UT and AD muscles had higher activity in recovery than opposite, and TM and LD were higher in the pull-through phases of the swimming stroke, in order to overcome water drag and stabilize the movement.
The aim of this study was the Technical and Neuromuscular Characterization of the Open Water Swimmer, through the evaluation of 9 swimmers in a course of 5x1000 meters. We measured the muscular participation on a open water swimmer during the 5km race, and what where the implications in the kinematic parameters of the technique We evaluated 9 male open water swimmers (age: 25.4 ± 11.9 years; body mass: 75.9 ± 9.0 kg; height: 180.7 ± 6.7 cm; wingspan: 185.6 ± 10.3 cm) individually in an open environment (lake), performing 5 x 1000 m at maximum intensity, with an interval of 30 seconds every 1000m. The kinematic variables will be calculated: Stroke rate (FG), swimming speed (v), Stroke Lenght (DC) and the stroke index (IB). and the muscules analized on the left side where: Upper Trapezius(UP); Latissimus dorsi(LD); Pectoralis Major(PM); Posterior Deltoid(PD); Anterior Deltoid(AD); Triceps Brachii(TB); Biceps Brachii(BB). Subsequently, the use of the IBM SPSS 28 program for the statistical treatment of the collected data. An increase of FG with small effect (F=2.71, p ≤ 0.05, η2=0.25), especially in the final lap of the trial; a decrease with medium effect of SL (F=3.41, p ≤ 0.05, η2=0.30) and SI (F=3.29, p > 0.05, η 2=0.29) from the begin to the end of the trial. It is noticeable that DC and IB changed along the distances covered, showing a decrease, essentially between 1000m and 4000m. Differences were found in UT and AD muscles, showing higher activation in the recovery, and also in TM and LD muscles, being highly recruited in the pull phase compared to recovery. During the 5000m race, the swimmers maintained a constant speed in order to control their performance. Throughout the race, the SL and SI tended to decrease progressively with distance. The EMG results achieved in the present study suggest that the UT and AD muscles had higher activity in recovery than opposite, and TM and LD were higher in the pull-through phases of the swimming stroke, in order to overcome water drag and stabilize the movement.
Description
Dissertação para obtenção do grau de mestre em Desporto - Atividades desportivas para crianças
Keywords
biomecânica águas abertas electromiografia de superficie técnica de crol biomecanics open water swimming surface electromyography freestyle