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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
O interesse crescente dos consumidores por alternativas à carne, motivado por
preocupações com a saúde, a sustentabilidade e a ética, tem impulsionado a
diversificação do mercado alimentar, sendo os hambúrgueres um produto
emblemático dessa transição. Neste estudo foram analisados três tipos de
hambúrgueres: convencional (100% carne), híbrido (carne com vegetais) e
vegetariano, avaliando-se os respetivos impactes ambientais, nutricionais,
sensoriais e a perceção do consumidor face a cada uma das propostas, através
de um questionário.
Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas entre as três formulações. A
pegada de carbono foi mais elevada no hambúrguer 100% carne (5,27 kg
CO₂e/porção), intermédia no híbrido (3,11 kg CO₂e/porção) e significativamente
inferior no vegetariano (0,62 kg CO₂e/porção). Do ponto de vista nutricional, o
hambúrguer vegetariano apresentou um teor mais elevado de ácidos gordos
polinsaturados e um rácio PUFA/SFA mais favorável. No entanto, destacou-se
também por um rácio n-6/n-3 muito elevado, resultante da utilização de óleo de
girassol, o que pode limitar parte dos benefícios nutricionais associados aos
PUFA. Os hambúrgueres com carne destacaram-se pelos teores superiores de
vitaminas do complexo B, nomeadamente B12, enquanto o híbrido combinou
características intermédias. Na análise sensorial, o hambúrguer híbrido foi o
mais apreciado, com boas avaliações de sabor, suculência e aceitação global,
enquanto o vegetariano obteve classificações inferiores, principalmente devido
à textura e ao sabor menos apreciados. O questionário aos consumidores
confirmou uma preferência generalizada por hambúrgueres de carne, embora
com abertura crescente a alternativas híbridas.
Este trabalho contribui para a discussão sobre inovação alimentar, saúde,
sustentabilidade e comportamento do consumidor.
The growing consumer interest in meat alternatives, driven by concerns about health, sustainability, and ethics, has fueled the diversification of the food market, with hamburgers being an emblematic product of this transition. This study analyzed three types of hamburgers: conventional (100% meat), hybrid (meat with vegetables), and vegetarian, evaluating their respective environmental, nutritional, and sensory impacts, as well as consumer perception of each option, through a questionnaire. The results showed significant differences between the three formulations. The carbon footprint was highest in the 100% meat hamburger (5.27 kg CO₂e/portion), intermediate in the hybrid (3.11 kg CO₂e/portion), and significantly lower in the vegetarian (0.62 kg CO₂e/portion). From a nutritional point of view, the vegetarian hamburger had a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and a more favorable PUFA/SFA ratio. However, it also stood out for a very high n- 6/n-3 ratio, resulting from the use of sunflower oil, which may limit some of the nutritional benefits associated with PUFAs. The beef burgers stood out for their higher levels of B vitamins, namely B12, while the hybrid burger combined intermediate characteristics. In the sensory analysis, the hybrid burger was the most appreciated, with good ratings for flavor, juiciness, and overall acceptance, while the vegetarian burger obtained lower ratings, mainly due to its less appreciated texture and flavor. The consumer questionnaire confirmed a widespread preference for beef burgers, although with increasing openness to hybrid alternatives. This work contributes to the discussion on food innovation, health, sustainability, and consumer behavior.
The growing consumer interest in meat alternatives, driven by concerns about health, sustainability, and ethics, has fueled the diversification of the food market, with hamburgers being an emblematic product of this transition. This study analyzed three types of hamburgers: conventional (100% meat), hybrid (meat with vegetables), and vegetarian, evaluating their respective environmental, nutritional, and sensory impacts, as well as consumer perception of each option, through a questionnaire. The results showed significant differences between the three formulations. The carbon footprint was highest in the 100% meat hamburger (5.27 kg CO₂e/portion), intermediate in the hybrid (3.11 kg CO₂e/portion), and significantly lower in the vegetarian (0.62 kg CO₂e/portion). From a nutritional point of view, the vegetarian hamburger had a higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and a more favorable PUFA/SFA ratio. However, it also stood out for a very high n- 6/n-3 ratio, resulting from the use of sunflower oil, which may limit some of the nutritional benefits associated with PUFAs. The beef burgers stood out for their higher levels of B vitamins, namely B12, while the hybrid burger combined intermediate characteristics. In the sensory analysis, the hybrid burger was the most appreciated, with good ratings for flavor, juiciness, and overall acceptance, while the vegetarian burger obtained lower ratings, mainly due to its less appreciated texture and flavor. The consumer questionnaire confirmed a widespread preference for beef burgers, although with increasing openness to hybrid alternatives. This work contributes to the discussion on food innovation, health, sustainability, and consumer behavior.
Descrição
Dissertação, Mestrado, Tecnologia Alimentar, Instituto Politécnico de Santarém, Escola Superior Agrária, 2025
Palavras-chave
alimentação sustentabilidade qualidade nutricional flexitarianismo human feeding sustainable nutritional quality flexitarianism
Contexto Educativo
Citação
Afonso, M. G. (2025). Análise comparativa de hambúrgueres (convencionais e vegetarianos): impactes ambientais, nutricionais e sociais. Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de Mestre na área de Tecnologia Alimentar, na Escola Superior Agrária de Santarém. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.15/5924
