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Coping strategies and perceiving stress among athletes during different waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Data from Poland, Romania, and Slovakia

2022-09Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorMakarowski, Ryszard
dc.contributor.authorPredoiu, Radu
dc.contributor.authorPiotrowski, Andrzej
dc.contributor.authorGörner, Karol
dc.contributor.authorPredoiu, Alexandra
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Rafael
dc.contributor.authorPelin, Raluca Anca
dc.contributor.authorMoanță, Alina Daniela
dc.contributor.authorBoe, Ole
dc.contributor.authorRawat, Samir
dc.contributor.authorAhuja, Gayatri
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-22T21:58:26Z
dc.date.available2022-09-22T21:58:26Z
dc.date.issued2022-09
dc.description.abstractCoronavirus disease (COVID-19), an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has affected numerous aspects of human functioning. Social contacts, work, education, travel, and sports have drastically changed during the lockdown periods. The pandemic restrictions have severely limited professional athletes’ ability to train and participate in competitions. For many who rely on sports as their main source of income, this represents a source of intense stress. To assess the dynamics of perceived stress as well as coping strategies during different waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, we carried out a longitudinal study using the Perception of Stress Questionnaire and the Brief COPE on a sample of 2020 professional athletes in Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. The results revealed that in all three countries, the highest intrapsychic stress levels were reported during the fourth wave (all, p < 0.01) and the highest external stress levels were reported before the pandemic (p < 0.05). To analyze the data, analyses of variance were carried out using Tukey’s post hoc test and η2 for effect size. Further, emotional tension was the highest among Polish and Slovak athletes in the fourth wave, while the highest among Romanian athletes was in the pre-pandemic period. The coping strategies used by the athletes in the fourth wave were more dysfunctional than during the first wave (independent t test and Cohen’s d were used). The dynamics of the coping strategies—emotion focused and problem focused—were also discussed among Polish, Romanian, and Slovak athletes. Coaches and sports psychologists can modify the athletes’ perceived stress while simultaneously promoting effective coping strategies.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citation: Makarowski, R.; Predoiu, R.; Piotrowski, A.; Görner, K.; Predoiu, A.; Oliveira, R.; Pelin, R.A.; Moant,˘a, A.D.; Boe, O.; Rawat, S.; et al. (2022).Coping Strategies and Perceiving Stress among Athletes during Different Waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Data from Poland, Romania, and Slovakia. Healthcare , 10, 1770. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/healthcare10091770pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/healthcare10091770pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn2227-9032
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.15/4097
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherMDPIpt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/10/9/1770pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectsportpt_PT
dc.subjectathletept_PT
dc.subjectcoping with stresspt_PT
dc.subjectSARS-CoV-2pt_PT
dc.subjectCOVID-19pt_PT
dc.subjectcross-cultural researchpt_PT
dc.titleCoping strategies and perceiving stress among athletes during different waves of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Data from Poland, Romania, and Slovakiapt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.conferencePlaceBasel, Switzerlandpt_PT
oaire.citation.issue9pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage1770pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleHealthcarept_PT
oaire.citation.volume10pt_PT
person.familyNameOliveira
person.givenNameRafael
person.identifier.ciencia-id9C16-7F53-1375
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-6671-6229
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication048765fe-a23f-4a68-9e6e-f278321223ac
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery048765fe-a23f-4a68-9e6e-f278321223ac

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