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The linkage between economic growth, renewable energy, tourism, CO2 emissions, and international trade:the evidence for the European Union

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dc.contributor.authorLeitão, Nuno Carlos
dc.contributor.authorLorente, Daniel Balsalobre
dc.date.accessioned2020-11-17T11:38:07Z
dc.date.available2020-11-17T11:38:07Z
dc.date.issued2020
dc.description.abstractThis paper evaluates the link between economic growth, renewable energy, tourism arrivals, trade openness, and carbon dioxide emissions in the European Union (EU-28). As an econometric strategy, the research uses panel data. In the first step, we apply the unit root test, and the results demonstrated that the variables used in this study are integrated I (1) in the first difference. In the second step, we apply the Pedroni cointegration test, and Kao Residual cointegration test, and we observe that the variables are cointegrated in the long run. The panel fully modified least squares (FMOLS), panel dynamic least squares (DOLS), and generalized moments system (GMM-System) estimator are considered in this research. The econometric results proved that trade openness and renewable energy decreased climate change and environmental degradation. The empirical study also found a positive effect of economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, tourism arrivals are negatively correlated with carbon dioxide emissions, showing sustainability practices of the tourism sector on the environment. Furthermore, carbon dioxide emissions in the long run present a positive impact, indicating that climate change increases. In this study, we also consider the recent methodology of Dumitrescu–Hurlin to observe the causality and the relationship between renewable energy, trade openness, economic growth, tourism arrivals, and carbon dioxide emissions.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationLeitão, N.C. & Lorente, D.B.(2020). The linkage between economic growth, renewable energy, tourism, CO2 emissions, and international trade : the evidence for the European Union. Energies, 13 (18), 4838. doi:10.3390/en13184838pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/en13184838pt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.15/3098
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherMDPIpt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/18/4838pt_PT
dc.subjectEnvironmental damagept_PT
dc.subjectRenewable energypt_PT
dc.subjectTrade opennesspt_PT
dc.subjectTourismpt_PT
dc.subjectPanel cointegrationpt_PT
dc.subjectGMM-System estimatorpt_PT
dc.titleThe linkage between economic growth, renewable energy, tourism, CO2 emissions, and international trade:the evidence for the European Unionpt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue18pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage4838pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleEnergiespt_PT
oaire.citation.volume13pt_PT
person.familyNameLeitão
person.givenNameNuno Carlos
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7602-2615
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication59b3a478-abed-4851-a925-fe8d133213c5
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery59b3a478-abed-4851-a925-fe8d133213c5

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