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Heart rate variability, blood pressure and peripheral oxygen saturation during yoga adham and mahat breathing techniques without retention in adult practitioners

2024-10-03Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorCatela, David
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Júlia
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Joana
dc.contributor.authorFranco, Susana
dc.contributor.authorMercê, Cristiana
dc.date.accessioned2024-10-05T14:53:17Z
dc.date.available2024-10-05T14:53:17Z
dc.date.issued2024-10-03
dc.description.abstractHeart rate variability (HRV) is the change in time intervals between heart beats, reflecting the autonomic nervous system’s ability to adapt to psychological and physiological demands. Slow breathing enhances parasympathetic activity, increasing HRV. Pranayama, a yoga breathing technique, affords the conscious regulation of respiration frequency. This study aimed to characterize HRV, blood pressure and peripheral oxygen saturation of basic yoga breathing slow techniques with regular yoga practitioners. Methods: In total, 45 yoga practitioners were included in the study (including 7 males, mean age of 54.04 ± 11.97 years) with varying levels of yoga experience (minimum 3 months, maximum 37 years). Participants performed three breathing conditions: baseline (control) and two yoga techniques (abdominal (adham) and complete (mahat)) breathing, each for 10 min in the supine position (i.e., savasana). For each condition, respiratory frequency, heart rate (HR), blood pressure and peripheral oxygen levels were collected. Results: The findings revealed that both abdominal and complete yoga breathing techniques promoted a decrease in respiratory frequency (p < 0.001, r = 0.61; p < 0.001, r = 0.61, respectively), and an increase in peripheral oxygen saturation (p < 0.001, r = 0.50; p < 0.001, r = 0.46, respectively), along with blood pressure decreases in all mean values, and a significant decrease in systolic pressure, considering all conditions (p = 0.034, W = 0.08). There were significant increases in standard deviation of HR during abdominal and complete yoga breathing techniques compared with the baseline (p = 0.003, r = 0.31; p < 0.001, r = 0.47, respectively), indicating enhanced parasympathetic activity. Moreover, the complete breathing technique exhibited the greatest variability in HRV measures, with several significant differences compared with abdominal breathing (standard deviation of HR, p < 0.001, r = 0.42; SD2, standard deviation of points perpendicular to the Poincaré parallel line, p < 0.003, r = 0.31; SD1/SD2, p < 0.003, r = 0.31), suggesting a more profound impact on autonomic modulation. Conclusions: simple, inexpensive and non-intrusive abdominal and complete yoga breathing techniques can effectively and momentarily enhance HRV and oxygen saturation in adults, mature adults and the elderly.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationCatela, D, Santos, J, Oliveira, J, Franco, S, & Mercê, C. (2024). Heart rate variability, blood pressure and peripheral oxygen saturation during yoga adham and mahat breathing techniques without retention in adult practitioners. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology. 9(4):184. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040184pt_PT
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk9040184pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn2411-5142
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.15/4959
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherMDPIpt_PT
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/9/4/184pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectbreathing controlpt_PT
dc.subjectyogapt_PT
dc.subjectpranayamapt_PT
dc.subjectheart rate variabilitypt_PT
dc.subjectpsychological statespt_PT
dc.subjectmotor controlpt_PT
dc.subjectfitnesspt_PT
dc.subjectnon-pharmacological therapypt_PT
dc.titleHeart rate variability, blood pressure and peripheral oxygen saturation during yoga adham and mahat breathing techniques without retention in adult practitionerspt_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.conferencePlaceBasileiapt_PT
oaire.citation.issue9pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPage184pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleJournal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiologypt_PT
oaire.citation.volume4pt_PT
person.familyNameCatela
person.familyNameFranco
person.familyNameMercê
person.givenNameDavid
person.givenNameSusana
person.givenNameCristiana
person.identifier000000006879862X
person.identifier1499200
person.identifier.ciencia-id2118-1841-45D3
person.identifier.ciencia-id3716-794D-E9E8
person.identifier.ciencia-idB414-59C4-E709
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0759-8343
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5752-5233
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-5146-6597
person.identifier.ridJ-3158-2016
person.identifier.ridN-4455-2013
person.identifier.ridS-2015-2018
person.identifier.scopus-author-id55836215700
person.identifier.scopus-author-id57226791321
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication4978c4a0-a7cc-4626-8581-c54939266d48
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationc47225c0-3f0c-4d95-9e7e-5e8852210107
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationf2af4b2e-27c8-4751-8f1a-02df4a5e7c02
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryc47225c0-3f0c-4d95-9e7e-5e8852210107

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